Marching With Caesar - Civil War

by R. W. Peake

  “They're traitors,” he said harshly, and around me, I could hear the sharp intake of breath from the men, while as one their blades came back up.

  I held my hand up. “They’re only traitors if Caesar lost, but he didn’t. Now you’re the traitor. And despite your impertinence, you're still under my protection. But, Aspirius,” I indicated the men around me. “You should watch your tongue. Saying that the men of the 6th who march for Caesar are traitors, you’re saying that these men are traitors. That’s not something they're likely to appreciate.”

  He opened his mouth as if to make a retort, but then thought better of it, saying instead, “You're correct, Centurion. I spoke in anger and for that I apologize.”

  I pointed to the rear, telling one of the men to escort him back to our camp.

  He was about to walk away, but turned. “Whose protection am I under, if I may ask Centurion?”

  “I'm Primus Pilus Titus Pullus, of the 10th Legion,” I replied, and I was gratified to see by his expression that my name was known to him.

  With that, I turned back to the battle, or slaughter, to be more accurate, and with the rest of the men, hurried forward into the enemy camp.

  ~ ~ ~ ~

  The Battle of Thapsus, as it is called, was not a battle at all. It was a rout, a slaughter, and as complete and total a victory as any of us could have hoped for. The men of Scipio’s army who survived the first onslaught turned to flee into their camp, yet only stayed there briefly, it becoming clear very quickly that there was no protection within the walls. They ran out the back gate, intent only on escaping to what they hoped was the safety of Afranius’ camp. Except to get there, they had to cut across the marshy ground. Not surprisingly, slogging through the mud is slow going, so men got bogged down, sinking into the muck up to their knees then getting stuck, perfect targets for our men to conduct javelin practice. The cries and screams of men pierced through the body as they struggled helplessly to extricate themselves was almost continuous, the men collapsing once they succumbed to their wounds to get sucked under by the stinking mud. The men that managed to struggle through the muck then staggered the couple of miles to Afranius’ camp arrived only to find that Caesar as always was a step ahead, sending the two Legions he had left in camp to assault the other Pompeian camps. Our men found Afranius’ camp deserted, the occupants having run off to escape the fate of their comrades. Moving on, Juba’s camp had fallen to our forces as well, so that the men fleeing the rout at Scipio’s camp ran right into our two Legions who cut them down, slaughtering the enemy without any mercy. Now something happened that I offer as an example of what occurs when men have been laboring under the conditions and circumstances for as long as the men of Caesar’s army. I do not make excuses; there is no real justification for what took place, but it should not be described without consideration given to the underlying causes. I will not deny that the 10th did its share of killing that day, especially in the moments after we entered Scipio’s camp, and I also will not deny that many of the men that we cut down were trying to surrender. However, this is not only not uncommon, it is the norm when the bloodlust of fighting men is aroused, and the men that we slaughtered were for the most part men of the ranks like ourselves, and not any of the upper classes. When the remnants of Scipio’s army that survived the escape through the marsh and the following onslaught at Juba’s camp then ran to a low hill on the far side of the camp, where they signaled their desire to surrender, they were joined by a number of the occupants of Afranius’ camp who were not combatants. These men were Senators and prominent equestrians who had aligned themselves with the Pompeian cause and they now called to Caesar for protection, offering their complete surrender. No doubt, they knew of Caesar’s record of clemency and mercy so I suppose they had good reason to be optimistic that when Caesar arrived on the scene they would escape with their lives, if not their fortunes. It was just their bad luck that the men of Caesar’s army were not in a forgiving mood. Too much had happened; too much misery, too much bleeding, too long away from their homes and loved ones. Even Caesar could not stop our men from exacting revenge for all their suffering, as the group of men who sought refuge on that hill asking for Caesar’s protection were slaughtered to the last man. All told, Scipio’s armies had scattered to the winds, but not before more than 10,000 of their number were killed, with the gods only know how many wounded. Around Scipio’s camp, bodies were stacked on top of each other like pieces of firewood, which I suppose they were in a sense, since the Romans among the dead were to at least be given the proper funeral rites and be purified by flame. Our losses were laughingly light; a total of 50 men in the entire army died, with twice that many wounded, only a few of them seriously enough to be discharged from the Legions on pension. None of our dead were from the 10th, for which I and the rest of my comrades were thankful; there were few enough of us left as it was. Scipio escaped, as did Afranius, Petreius, and Labienus, along with a good number of the cavalry and some of the infantry. Not surprisingly, at least to us, we learned that the few veterans among Scipio’s army, namely the 1st, and some of the 4th, had kept their heads, literally and figuratively, and were among the escapees. They headed to Utica, along with Scipio and Labienus, while Afranius tried to make it to Mauretania. Petreius left with Juba back to Numidia. Although the defeat of Scipio was total, it did not extend to everyone. The city of Thapsus still held out, under the command of a man named Vergilius, so Caesar turned his attention to the city. After returning to our original camp towards the end of the day, Caesar ordered the elephants rounded up, all 64 of them having survived, though some were hurt. One in particular had several cuts on his trunk that his handler had tried to treat with some tarry substance smeared on the wounds.

  His presence was pointed out to me by Scribonius, who asked, “Did you hear what happened to that one?”

  I said that I had not, and he relayed the story. When the 5th had attacked, running into the midst of the elephants, this particular animal had caught one of the Alaudae and it was down on its knees, crushing him. Seeing his friend in trouble, another man of the 5th ran up to begin poking the animal with his javelin. The elephant stood up, then reached down with its trunk to snatch up the man and begin waving him about in the air. The elephant only released the Legionary after receiving several whacks on the trunk with the man’s sword, resulting in the deep cuts, the beast throwing him to the ground and knocking the wind out of him, but the Legionary’s actions saved his friend.

  “He’s going to get decorated for that,” Scribonius concluded.

  “As well he should,” I agreed, then thought of something. “But is that the civic crown? Or is it different because an elephant is involved?”

  We pondered that as we watched the animals, their handlers deciding that it was better to be on the winning side, maneuvering their lumbering charges into position to take up a single line in front of the city walls. The message, at least as far as we were concerned, was clear, but Vergilius was apparently unmoved because the gates did not open. The day was growing late, so we did not take any action against the city, retiring to the camp to celebrate the victory while bemoaning the work that we would have to do to dispose of so many bodies. A double ration of wine was ordered, as Scipio’s, Afranius’ and particularly Juba’s camp had been well-stocked with the liquid, the word in camp being that it had been ordered by Scipio in preparation for the victory feast he was planning on giving when we were defeated. Whether it was true or not, it made the wine taste that much better as we toasted our success.

  ~ ~ ~ ~

  The next day Caesar ordered a formation in front of the walls of Thapsus. The entire army was being arrayed as a demonstration of the futility of further resistance. Caesar took the occasion to decorate several men for bravery, including three men from the 10th whose names were put forth by their Centurions and the man of the 5th who indeed did win the Civic Crown, elephant or no. Vergilius still refused to submit, so Caesar left three Legions, the 14th, 26th, and
28th to continue with the siege, then sent the 8th and 25th with Domitius to Thisdra, which was now held by Considius, who had left Hadrumentum. The rest of the Legions marched with Caesar to Utica, following the Pompeian cavalry, the only unit that had escaped the battle essentially intact. On the way, we came across a village that had tried to close its gates to the Pompeians, and paid for it by having not only their possessions put to the torch, but also the inhabitants then were thrown into the bonfire themselves. We marched first to Uzita, the town that we had spent so much time and sweat trying to take before we turned away. Yet this time, all it took was forming up in front of the walls for the gates to open. Leaving a Cohort behind, we marched north, veering back towards the coast, stopping at Hadrumentum. After Considius moved on to Thisdra, his replacement was not made of the same stern stuff as he, so we did not even have to form up for the commander of the garrison to throw open the gates. At both Uzita and now at Thisdra, the Pompeians, at least the upper classes, came streaming out, crying big baby tears, begging for Caesar’s mercy, which of course he granted. The men had long since grown tired of Caesar’s clemency, and truth be told, I was no longer inclined to argue with them about it, because I had grown weary of it as well. It seemed to us that it was all a great joke; a Pompeian would be caught, swear that he would not take arms against Caesar again, then laugh at us as he joined the nearest Pompeian force to strap on armor to face us once, twice or even three times more. While I had understood Caesar’s policy in the beginning, it became so much of a joke that I thought it was actually more damaging than helpful at this point, so when the men groaned and rolled their eyes at the sight of the line of men waiting to kiss Caesar’s ass, I did not stop them. At Hadrumentum, another Cohort was left while the rest of us continued our march to Utica, following the Pompeian horsemen and the trail of destruction they left behind.

  ~ ~ ~ ~

  At Utica, Cato was in command of the city and its garrison. As we marched, there was much talk of what we could expect when we reached the city. Cato had been Caesar’s bitterest enemy from before the civil war, and in my view and the view of most of the army, was one of the primary instigators of the war. Thinking about him gave me a pang, because Vibius was one of Cato’s staunchest supporters. We had spent many third of a watch around the fire arguing the rights and wrongs of Cato and Caesar’s respective positions. But as time went on, even Vibius had become less willing to voice his support for Cato, as more and more men died because of his implacable hatred of Caesar. Since Cato was in command, we had no illusions that the gates of Utica would be open to us, but the gods had other ideas. The cavalry fleeing from Thapsus, who slaughtered the people of the village we had come across, came next to Utica. Instead of being grateful for the refuge, they fell upon the citizens of Utica as well, killing a number of them before being driven off by Cato and his troops. The fighting with men who were supposed to be on their side so further demoralized the Utica garrison that even a man as uncompromising as Cato realized that further resistance to Caesar would be useless. As we learned later, Cato himself urged the remaining Roman citizens who had helped to fund Scipio’s campaign to make peace with Caesar, a fact that surprised me a great deal. He might have helped the others to appeal to Caesar, but that was not an option for Cato. It was not because Caesar would not have offered his mercy, but precisely because Caesar would and a proud man like Cato could not bear to live with that shame. Once he had arranged his own affairs and then ensured that he had done all he could to prepare for Caesar’s coming, Cato went off and opened his stomach. Apparently, he botched the job, being found by his slaves and friends, who stitched him up. That did not stop Cato however; as soon as he was left unattended, he pulled the stitches out. Then, depending on what version you heard, he either bled to death or actually pulled his intestines out, throwing them about the room. You can probably imagine which story was most popular with the men. In any event, Cato was dead when Caesar arrived at Utica, vexing him greatly. Caesar was not a vengeful man, but of all the Pompeians, he most wanted to see Cato humiliated, and his suicide robbed Caesar of that pleasure.

  The gates were open when we arrived, a long line of supplicants waiting for our general to decide what to do, and we were slightly mollified to learn that he fined them a substantial amount to help pay for the expense of the campaign. We camped outside Utica as Caesar took care of his business, and it was while we were in camp those several days that we heard of the capture of Afranius by Sittius, who was brought in chains before the assembled army. There was considerable wagering in the camp about whether or not Caesar would show mercy to this particular Pompeian, though I refrained from wagering because I had heard from Diocles through Apollonius that Caesar was going to make an example of the man. Our general wasted no time; the next morning at formation, Caesar announced that Afranius was to be executed for crimes against the Republic, a necessary fiction I suppose. However, Caesar refused to allow the army to witness the execution of Afranius, which was extremely unpopular with the men, especially those who were in Hispania and had lost friends when Petreius so vilely betrayed them while Afranius stood by and let it happen. Caesar would not budge, and Afranius was executed inside the headquarters tent, with only Caesar and his generals as witnesses. Scipio had attempted to escape by ship, but he was run down by vessels that belonged to our friend Sittius. In the ensuing fight, Scipio drowned. Finally, the news reached us of the fate of Petreius, which was a bitter disappointment to all of us who had hoped that he would be brought before us in the same manner as Afranius. I had even planned on approaching Caesar in order to convince him that unlike Afranius, the army should witness the execution of Petreius because of his absolutely despicable deeds. We were to be denied that pleasure though, as we learned that Juba and Petreius, the former being turned on by his own people, had held a banquet, after which they fought a duel to the death. Petreius was the winner, whereupon he immediately committed suicide. As part of their revolt against Juba, the Numidians sent a delegation to Caesar promising the city of Zama, with Caesar sending a contingent of cavalry to hold it and putting Sallustius in charge of what was now a Roman province. Caesar was now done in Africa, all affairs arranged according to his desires, so it was time for him to return home to Rome. At the morning briefing the day after the execution of Afranius, Caesar stood before us, surveying his officers and Centurions a moment before he spoke.

  “Now that Scipio has been defeated and I've arranged affairs here in Africa to my satisfaction, I'm returning to Rome. And the Spanish Legions, along with the 5th and the 13th, will be shipping to Italy to march in the triumphs I'm planning on holding.”

  I am not sure what else he said after that, because he was drowned out by our cheering. Not everyone was happy of course, but as far as we in the Spanish Legions were concerned, the chance to see Rome and march in a triumph was long overdue from our service in Gaul. I was grinning from ear to ear as I looked over at Scribonius, thinking he would feel the same way as I did. I would be seeing Rome at long last, while he would be returning home, yet Scribonius looked anything but happy at the thought. I shrugged then decided that if the moment were ever right I would finally ask him about it. In the meantime, I had some news to give to the men that I was fairly sure they would appreciate.

  ~ ~ ~ ~

  As usual in the army, matters were not as simple as just packing the few belongings we had brought from Sicily with us then marching down to the docks at Utica. Moving six Legions, even under strength as all but the 5th was at that point is a massive undertaking, especially when the trip was in two movements. First, we would ship to Sicily where we would retrieve the rest of our property, then to Italy. As accustomed as I was to the slow progress, I was still in a state of seething impatience, because I had been told that we would be landing either at Brundisium or close enough to it that I could take only a few days to go see my family. I am afraid I took that impatience out on the men. After almost three weeks, it was finally our turn to land in Sicily, where w
e spent the next week packing up while the Centurions had their hands full adjudicating disputes of ownership and investigating the inevitable theft of the possessions of the men, guarded by supposed comrades who had bribed their Centurions into being left behind. Some of the cases were either so egregious or the men so inept that their guilt was clear, meaning that there were about a half-dozen executions and twice as many floggings while we were in Sicily. Thankfully, none were from the 10th. Finally, our day came to be loaded up and transported to the mainland, having marched to Lilybaeum from our camp the day before. We were on the quay at dawn. I went looking for the master of the fleet and I found him standing, chatting to some of the shipmasters. I had a question for him, and my patience had long since been exhausted, so eager was I to get to Brundisium, and I am afraid I was rather abrupt with him.

  “Where are you landing us?” I demanded, not even bothering with the formalities of identifying myself.

  He frowned, obviously irritated with my manners, but my Centurion’s crest and I suspect my size kept him from being as rude to me as I was to him. “Paestum,” he replied, and I cursed bitterly.

  Paestum is nowhere near Brundisium; I had hoped for Tarentum, which would have allowed us to march straight up the Via Appia, but most importantly, was just a few thirds of a watch walk or less by horseback to Brundisium.

  He made no attempt to hide his amusement at my unhappiness. “Why so upset, Centurion? You wanted to land somewhere else?”

  “I was hoping we would land in Tarentum at the least or Brundisium most ideally.”

  I cannot say for sure what it was, but something in his manner changed immediately, giving me my first stirring of unease.

  “Why do you want to land in Brundisium?”

  “My wife and children live there,” I replied.