The Victorians
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Bismarck on, 403
on British overseas power, 352
as Chancellor of Exchequer, 146
character and qualities, 379, 402, 407–8
condemns Palmerston, 136
at Congress of Berlin, 402–3
death, 388, 406–8
defends Corn Laws, 430
Earldom, 404
election defeat (1880), 388, 404, 407
on evolutionary theory, 98
on gentlemen legislators, 586
and Gladstone, 263, 346, 379–80
Irish policy, 379
marriage, 66
mocks Peel, 59–60
political career, 250, 263, 386
and Reform Bill (1867), 331
relations with Lord Robert Cecil, 252
relations with Victoria, 359, 403
religious attitudes, 368, 371, 379, 398
on religious education, 363, 379
satirized, 387–8
satisfaction with living conditions, 262–3, 330
on Schleswig-Holstein, 348
schooling, 283
second government (1874), 386–91
secures Suez Canal Company shares, 389–90
supports Bentinck, 71
on ‘two nations’, 67
view of Jews, 403, 408
and Young England movement, 65–7
on Zulus, 402
Coningsby, 66
Endymion, 407
Falconet, 406
Lothair, 379–81, 540
Sybil, 66
Tancred, 66
Vindication of the English Constitution, 67
Disraeli, Mary Anne (later Viscountess Beaconsfield), 66
divorce, 234–5
and political careers, 460
see also Matrimonial Causes Bill
DNA, 232–3
dock strike (1889), 511, 513–14
doctors, 37, 309
women, 311, 421
Dodgson, Charles Lutwidge see Carroll, Lewis
Dodson, Charles, 32
Döllinger, Ignaz von, 373
Dostoyevsky, Fyodor Mikhailovich, 185, 415–17, 431
The Devils, 415, 417, 447, 440, 445, 463, 495
doubt, religious see religion
Douglas, Lord Alfred (‘Bosie’), 560, 562–5
Dowson, Ernest, 552
Doyle, Sir Arthur Conan, 527, 529
The Sign of Four, 528
A Study in Scarlet, 527–8
see also Holmes, Sherlock
Doyle, Sir Francis Hastings, 266
D’Oyly Carte, Richard, 417–18, 420
see also Gilbert and Sullivan operas
drainage, 156–8
Dreikaiserbund, 388, 391, 394
Drew, Mary, 360
drink see alcohol
Drumlanrig, Francis Archibald Douglas, Viscount, 562
Du Bois, W.E.B.: Black Reconstruction, 256
Duckworth, Rev. Robinson, 328
Dudley, John William Ward, 1st Earl of, 382
Dugdale, Blanche, 556
Dulwich School, 281
Duncan, Rev. Henry, 261
Dundas, Admiral Sir Richard Saunders, 179
Durnford, Lieut.-Colonel, 401
Dyer, Brigadier-General Reginald Edward Harry, 501
Earle, General William, 471
East India Company
abolition and transfer to Crown, 218, 221
expansion in North-West India, 125, 201
Mill and, 38, 108–9
organization, 109
rule and administration, 48, 202, 206, 218
sepoys serve, 201
see also India; Indian Mutiny
‘Eastern Question’ see Ottoman Empire
Eastlake, Elizabeth, Lady, 382
eccentricity: in upper classes, 381–2
Ecclesiastical Titles Act (1851), 142
economic depression, 28–9, 254, 405, 480, 508, 573
see also unemployment
economic growth, 15, 52, 72, 124, 148, 353
Eddy, Mary Baker, 549–50
Eden, Emily, 27
Edgar, William, 410
Edinburgh Review, 22, 346
education
and army organization, 355
compulsory, 284
in Ireland, 68–9, 78
Liberal reforms, 362–4
secular and uniform, 363–4
as Victorian invention, 282
women’s, 284–6, 312–13, 421–2, 480, 520
see also public schools; schools
Education Act (Forster’s; 1870), 282, 284, 363–4
Edward, Prince of Wales (later King Edward VII) see Albert Edward, Prince of Wales
Edward, Prince of Wales (later King Edward VIII), 581–2
Edwards, Colonel, 468
Edwards, George, 429
Effingham Theatre, London, 521
Eglinton, Archibald Montgomerie, 13th Earl of: Tournament, 65
Egypt, 465–7
Eichhorn, Johann Gottfried, 349
Eiffel, Gustave: tower (Paris), 494
Elcho, Hugo Charteris, Viscount, 559
Elcho, Mary, Lady (later Countess of Wemyss), 323, 530, 559
electoral districts: organization of, 43
electoral reform, 20, 330–1, 479
see also Reform Acts; suffrage
electoral systems, 42, 385
electric light, 384, 494
Elgar, Sir Edward, 410
Elgin, Victor Alexander Bruce, 9th Earl of, 499
Eliot, George (Marian Evans)
avoids school, 282–3
German translating, 349
on Harriet Martineau, 167
influenced by Chambers’s Vestiges, 95n
lifestyle and beliefs, 167–8, 349
qualities, 408
relations with G.H. Lewes, 167, 349, 412–13
and religion, 377
serial publication of works, 19
supports Disraeli, 408
Victoria reads, 241
and Wagner, 412–13
Daniel Deronda, 408, 410–11
Middlemarch, 344, 349
Eliot, Thomas Stearns, 54, 522, 524, 529
Elkington & Co. (cabinet makers), 143
Ellenborough, Edward Law, 1st Earl of, 280
Elliotson, John, 105–6
Ellis, Sir Henry, 117
Ellis, William, 129–30
Elphinstone, Sir Howard, 244
Emerson, Ralph Waldo, 95n
empire
beginnings, 48
and conquest, 353
defined, 391
as dumping ground for troublemakers, 512
in East, 388
effects of Free Trade on, 126
expansion, 124, 547, 603, 607
and generation of wealth, 351–2
and Idealism, 606–7
and pomp, 391
and race attitudes, 272
and rearmament, 424
see also colonies; imperialism
employment
rural, 429
see also unemployment
Endicott, Mary (Mrs Joseph Chamberlain), 484
Enfield rifles, 201
Engels, Friedrich, 113–14, 119–20, 131, 232, 416, 510, 576
see also Marx, Karl
English Co-operative Society, 575
Enraght, Rev. R.W., 369
Erdmann, Johann Eduard, 350
Ernest I, Duke of Saxe-Coburg (Prince Albert’s father), 24, 54–5
Ernest Augustus, Prince (Ernest I of Hanover) see Cumberland, Duke of
Erzerum, Armenia, 187
Escott, T.H.S., 461
Esher, Reginald Brett, 2nd Viscount, 464–5, 468
Eton: workhouse, 29
Eton College, 29, 280, 283, 291–2
Etwall, Ralph, 32–3
Eugénie, Empress of Napoleon III, 344
Europe
Britain’s relations with, 348
monarchies decline in, 244
powe
r politics in, 147–8, 184–5, 239–40, 388, 424, 546
relations with USA, 440
revolutions in, 123
wars in, 343, 350
see also individual countries
Euston station, 21
Evangelicals, 82, 87
in India, 202, 258
Evans, Sir George de Lacy, 200
Evans, Marian see Eliot, George
evolution, theory of
and acquired characteristics, 224–31
Christian attitudes to, 227–30, 376–7
development of, 15, 95–100, 224–5
and divorce, 234–5
influence, 230–2
and race, 376–7
represents competitive world, 226
scientists’ reaction to, 232–4
see also Darwin, Charles; natural selection; Wallace, Alfred Russel
examinations, public, 284–5
executions, 336–9
Eyre, Edward John, 53, 269–72, 298
Faber, Frederick William, 140
Fabianism, 511, 546, 576–8
factories
and class, 60
conditions, 152–4
in Lancashire, 252
system, 15, 20, 22, 248
workers’ view of slavery, 254
see also child labour; working classes
Factory Acts
(1833, 1844, 1847), 153
(1850), 151
see also Ten Hours Act
Fadeyev, General Rostislav: Opinion on the Eastern Question, 395
Falstaff Music Hall, London, 522
fantasy: retreat into, 322–9
Fareham, Hampshire, 30
Farrar, Frederic William, Dean of Canterbury, 289–91
Eric, or, Little by Little, 263, 280, 330
Julian Home, 289
St Winifred’s, 288–9
feminism (women’s movement), 307, 310–13, 318
Fenianism, 127, 338–9, 357, 451–3, 531
Fenton, Roger, 199–200
Ferdinand, King of the Two Sicilies, 123
Feuerbach, Ludwig Andreas: Das Wesen des Christenthums, 167–9, 349
firefighting, 13–14
Fisher, Admiral John Arbuthnot, 1st Baron, 464
Fitzroy, Captain (later Rear-Admiral) Robert, 15, 228–30
flagellation, 291–2
Flashman (fictional character), 279, 287
foot-and-mouth disease, 428
Football Association, 409
Cup, 344
football (soccer), 409
Forster, Captain, 458–9
Forster, Edward Morgan, 602
Forster, William Edward, 284, 363, 453, 461
Fortnightly Review, 462
Foster, R.F., 450
Fourth Party, 485
Fox Henderson & Co. (contractors), 130, 144
Fox Strangways, John Charles, 40
France
African possessions, 489–90
British alliance with, 146
British attitudes to, 16, 145
in Crimean War, 178–9, 181, 184–5
and Egypt, 465
fear of invasion from, 145, 156
and German power, 351
Napoleon III elected Emperor, 113
nationalism and expansionism, 351
revolution in (1848), 114, 116, 123
working class movement in, 517
see also Franco-Prussian War; French Revolution
franchise see suffrage
Franchise Act (1884), 447
Francis Ferdinand, Archduke of Austria, 393
Franco-Prussian War (1870–1), 184, 343–6, 354
Fraser, George Macdonald, 279
Frederick William, Prince of Prussia (later Emperor of Germany), 123, 238, 503
Free Trade
bourgeois support for, 19
Cobden advocates, 72, 427–8
colonies and, 126–7
and Crimean War, 194
discrediting of, 428
effect, 352, 427–9
and Great Exhibition, 127
and Irish Famine, 81
and liberty and enslavement, 132
Palmerston praises, 264
Peel and, 58–9, 61–2, 72, 136
terminology, 127
and wars, 353
see also Corn Laws
Free Will, 132
Freeman, Edward Augustus, 398, 402–3
French Revolution (1789), 16–17
Frere, Sir Battle, 401–2
Freud, Sigmund, 106, 231
Frith, William Powell: Derby Day (painting), 234
Frost, John, 47
Froude, James Anthony, 30, 103, 333, 345, 380–1
The English in Ireland in the Eighteenth Century, 74
History of England, 302
Nemesis of Faith, 103
fundamentalism (Christian), 100, 171, 229
funerals, 539–42, 545
Gallipoli: in Crimean War, 178
Gambia, 124
games see sports and games
Gandhi, Mohandas Karamchand (Mahatma), 509, 551
Gangs Act (1879), 428–9
Garrett, Elizabeth, 285, 310–12, 321
Gaskell, Charles Milnes, 587
Gaskell, Elizabeth Cleghorn: Ruth, 164
gasworkers, 512
Gatacre, General Sir William Forbes, 610
Gatrell, V.A.C., 338
Genesis, Book of, 98
genetics, 232
geology, 97, 100
see also Lyell, Sir Charles
George III, King, 24–5, 68–9
George IV, King, 56
George V, King, 456, 600
George, Henry, 444
Germany
in Africa, 489–90
cultural influence, 348–50
as European power, 388
language, 348–9
Prince Albert’s policy on, 237–8
scientific education in, 350
strength, 350–1, 355
united (1871), 343
see also Franco-Prussian War
Gibraltar, 127
Gibson, Thomas Milnes, 128
Gilbert, Sir William Schwenck, 418–24, 572
Gilbert and Sullivan operas
H.M.S. Pinafore, 422–4, 479
Iolanthe, 421
The Mikado, 230, 419
Patience, 419, 422
Princess Ida, 421
The Sorcerer, 417, 420
Trial by Jury, 418, 420
Utopia, Limited, 572, 576
Gill, Eric, 518
Gipson, John, 264
Girdlestone, Edward, Canon of Bristol, 429
Girton College, Cambridge, 285, 313, 421, 480
Gladstone family, 94
Gladstone, Helen (WEG’s sister), 375
Gladstone, Herbert John, Viscount, 470
Gladstone, William Ewart
on American Civil War, 251–3, 346
and army reform (1868), 354, 356, 358
attends theatre, 397
background, 27, 50–1, 94, 356
and Balkan Crisis, 396–400, 464
Bertrand Russell dines with, 571
on Bismarck, 347
at Board of Trade in Peel’s government, 66
and Bradlaugh case, 449
and Catholicism, 69–70, 142, 347–8, 372–5, 380
as Chancellor of Exchequer, 146, 194, 250–1
on Churchills, 485
and Constance Kent case, 267
and Contagious Diseases Acts, 474
contradictions, 250, 361
and cotton famine, 257
and decline of Ottoman Empire, 391–2
derides equalitarianism, 384
and Dilke, 457
on disestablishment of Church, 338, 364, 371
and Disraeli, 263, 346, 379–80, 403, 407
Disraeli portrays in Falconet, 406
and education reform, 363–4
and Egypt and Sudan, 465–6, 468–9
&nb
sp; election defeat (1868), 402
election victory (1880), 404–6
ennobles Cardwell, 359
and Fenianism, 338
first premiership (1868–74), 332, 354–64, 379, 546
and Franco-Prussian War, 346
and General Gordon, 465, 472
on governing working class, 443
and Governor Eyre, 272
and Great Exhibition, 128
and Home Rule for Ireland, 85, 250, 453–6, 461, 479, 532
intellectual character, 348, 535–6
and Jamaican slavery, 49–50
and Joseph Chamberlain, 457
and Khartoum, 469–70
on Manning, 540
Midlothian campaign, 404–6, 417, 465
and occupation of Cyprus, 400
opposes Divorce Bill, 234–5
opposes Maynooth Bill, 70, 250
oratory, 398
on Palmerston, 189
and Palmerston’s death, 330
and Parnell, 533–5
political career, 263
political ideas, 347, 355, 361, 363
and press, 464
prolixity, 379
and prostitutes, 356
and psychical research, 439
psychosomatic illnesses, 397
relations with Victoria, 359–60, 403
religious attitudes, 70, 101, 141, 347–8, 356, 361–2, 364, 371, 398
resignations: (1845), 70, (1885), 478; (1894), 562)
and Ruskin, 166, 356, 360–2
schooling, 50, 280
second administration (1880–85), 457
self-flagellation, 456
on slavery, 250, 255
and social reform, 447
and Sudan, 469–70
third administration (1886), 478–9
upholds aristocracy, 356
visits Döllinger, 373
visits Italy, 84–6
visits Newcastle, 251
voice, 251
in Wales (1892), 594
The Bulgarian Horrors and the Question of the East, 397–8
The State in its Relations with the Church, 70, 101
The Vatican Decrees and their Bearing on Civil Allegiance, 374, 397
Gladstones, John, 50
Gloag, Robert Peacock, 197–9
Gloire, La (French warship), 352
Godwin, William, 11
Goethe, Johann Wolfgang von, 224, 349–50
gold: in South Africa, 595–6, 605–6
Gordon, General Charles George, 467–72, 493, 607
Gordon, Lord George, 499
Gordon, George William, 269–71
Gorst, John Eldon, 485
Gosse, (Sir) Edmund, 377, 430, 497
Gothic Revival, 46, 64–5, 185, 322
Gough, Elizabeth, 267
Gough, Lieutenant (later General Sir) Hugh, 201, 204–5
Government of India Bill (1853), 221
Graham, Billy, 377
Graham, Frances (Horner), 558–9
Graham, Sir James, 39, 76
Graham, Robert Cunningham, 509–10
Grainger, Walter, 563
Grant, Charles (later Baron Glenelg), 39
Granville, Granville George Leveson-Gower, 2nd Earl, 130, 389, 397, 468, 472
Gray, Euphemia (sometime Ruskin; ‘Effie’), 87, 165–6, 289, 325