W. G. Hoskins, Two Thousand Years in Exeter (Exeter, 1960)
Hoskins, Landscape
W. G. Hoskins, Making of the English Landscape (1st edn, 1955, rep. 1985)
Howard, ‘Women’
Jean E. Howard, ‘Women, Foreigners and Urban Space in Westward Ho’, in Material London, pp. 150–167
Hughes, ‘Godly’
Ann Hughes, ‘Building a Godly Town’, in Bearman, Stratford, pp. 97–109
Jenner, ‘Smell’
Mark S. R. Jenner, ‘Follow your nose? Smell, Smelling and their Histories’, American Historical Review, 116, 2 (2011), pp. 335–51
Jones, Family
Jeanne Jones, Family Life in Shakespeare’s England (Stroud, 1996)
Joyce, Post
Herbert Joyce, The History of the Post Office from its establishment down to 1836 (1893)
Judges, Underworld
A. V. Judges, The Elizabethan Underworld: A Collection of Tudor and Early Stuart Tracts and Ballads (1930, rep. 1965)
Kocher, ‘Atheist’
Paul H. Kocher, ‘The Physician as atheist in Elizabethan England’, Huntington Library Quarterly, 10, 3 (1947), pp. 229–49
Kocher, ‘Cosmos’
Paul H. Kocher, ‘The Old Cosmos: A Study in Elizabethan Science and Religion’, Huntington Library Quarterly, 15, 2 (1952), pp. 101–21
Lane, John Hall
Joan Lane, John Hall and his Patients: The medical practice of Shakespeare’s Son-in-Law (The Shakespeare Birthplace Trust, Stratford-upon-Avon, 1996)
Laslett, WWHL
Peter Laslett, The World we have lost (2nd edn, 1971, rep. 1979)
Laughton, Armada
John Knox Laughton (ed.), State Papers relating to the defeat of the Spanish Armada, vol. i (Navy Records Society, 1895)
Lee, ‘Bearbaiting’
Sidney Lee, ‘Bearbaiting, bullbaiting and cockfighting’, in Sh. Eng., ii, pp. 428–36
Leland, Itinerary
Lucy Toumin Smith (ed.), The Itinerary of John Leland in or about the years 1535–1543, 5 vols (1907–10)
Machyn, Diary
John Gough Nichols (ed.), The Diary of Henry Machyn, Camden Society, 42 (1848)
Magno
Caroline Barron, Christopher Coleman and Claire Gobbi (eds), ‘The London Journal of Alessandro Magno 1562’, London Journal, 9, 2 (1983), pp. 136–53
Markland, ‘Carriages’
J. H. Markland, ‘Remarks on the early use of carriages’, Archaeologia, 20 (1824), pp. 443–77
Marsden, Noblest Shippe
Peter Marsden (ed.), Mary Rose Your Noblest Shippe: Anatomy of a Tudor warship, Archaeology of the Mary Rose, vol. 2 (Portsmouth, 2009)
Material London
Lena Cowen Orlin (ed.), Material London ca. 1600 (Philadelphia, 2000)
Morbus Gallicus
William Clowes, A Brief and Necessary Treatise touching the Cure of the Disease called Morbus Gallicus (1585)
Mortimer, ‘Accounts’
Ian Mortimer, ‘Why were probate accounts made? Methodological issues concerning the historical use of administrators’ and executors’ accounts’, Archives, 31 (2006), pp. 2–17
Mortimer, ‘Index’
Ian Mortimer, ‘Index of Medical Licentiates, Applicants, Referees and Examiners in the Diocese of Exeter, 1568–1783’, Transactions of The Devonshire Association, 136 (2004), pp. 99–134
Mortimer, ‘Licensing’
Ian Mortimer, ‘Diocesan Licensing and Medical Practitioners in South-West England’, Medical History, 48 (2004), pp. 49–68
Mortimer, ‘Machyn’
Ian Mortimer, ‘Tudor chronicler or sixteenth-century diarist? Henry Machyn and the nature of his manuscript’, Sixteenth Century Journal, 33 (2002), pp. 981–98
Mortimer, ‘Marketplace’
Ian Mortimer, ‘The Rural Medical Marketplace in Southern England c. 1570–1720’, in Mark S. R. Jenner and Patrick Wallis (eds), Medicine and the Market in England and Its Colonies, c. 1450–c. 1850 (2007), pp. 69–87
Mortimer, D&D
Ian Mortimer, The Dying and the Doctors (2009)
Mortimer, Glebe
Ian Mortimer (ed.), Berkshire Glebe Terriers 1634, vol. 2 (Berkshire Record Society, Reading, 1995)
Mortimer, Probate
Ian Mortimer (ed.), Berkshire Probate Accounts 1583–1712 (Berkshire Record Society, Reading, 1995)
Mortimer, TTGME
Ian Mortimer, The Time Traveller’s Guide to Medieval England: A handbook for Visitors to the Fourteenth Century (2008)
Nicoll, Elizabethans
A. Nicoll, The Elizabethans (Cambridge, 1957)
Norris, Costume
Herbert Norris, Tudor Costume and Fashion, vol. 3 (2 books, 1938)
ODNB
The Oxford Dictonary of National Biography (online edn, http://www.oxforddnb.com)
OED
The Oxford English Dictionary (online edn, http://www.oed.com)
Orlin, ‘Disputes’
Lena Cowen Orlin, ‘Boundary Disputes in Early Modern London’, in Material London, pp. 344–76
Overton, ‘Prices’
Mark Overton, ‘Prices from inventories’, in Arkell, Death, pp. 120–43
Parry, Reconnaissance
J. H. Parry, The Age of Reconnaissance (1963)
Partridge, Conceites
John Partridge, The Treasurie of Commodious Conceites (1584)
Partridge, Treasure
John Partridge, The Widowes Treasure, plentifully furnished with sundry precious and approoved secretes in Physick and Chirurgery for the health and pleasure of Mankind (1588)
Pelling, ‘Old age’
Margaret Pelling, ‘Old age, poverty and disability in Norwich’, in Margaret Pelling and Richard M. Smith (eds), Life, Death and the Elderly (1991), pp. 74–101
Pelling, ‘Practitioners’
Margaret Pelling and Charles Webster, ‘Medical Practitioners’, in Charles Webster (ed.), Health, medicine and mortality in the sixteenth century (Cambridge, 1979), pp. 165–236
Pelling, CL
Margaret Pelling, The Common Lot: Sickness, Medical Occupations and the Urban Poor in Early Modern England (1998)
Picard, London
Liza Picard, Elizabeth’s London: Everyday Life in Elizabethan London (2003)
Platt, Rebuildings
Colin Platt, The Great Rebuildings of Tudor and Stuart England (1994)
Platter, Travels
Clare Williams (ed.), Thomas Platter’s Travels in England 1599 (1937)
Pollitt, ‘Refuge’
Ronald Pollitt, ‘“Refuge of the Distressed Nations”: Perceptions of aliens in Elizabethan England’, Journal of Modern History, 52, 1, On-demand supplement (March 1980), D1001–D1019
Pollitt, ‘Story’
Ronald Pollitt, ‘The Abduction of Doctor John Story and the Evolution of Elizabethan Intelligence Operations’, The Sixteenth Century Journal, vol. 14, no. 2 (Summer 1983), pp. 131–56.
Port & Trade
Brian Dietz (ed.), The Port and Trade of Early Elizabethan London: Documents (1972), appendix III (accessed through British History Online)
Pound, Census
John F. Pound (ed.), The Norwich Census of the Poor (Norfolk Record Society, 1971)
Ringler, ‘Attack’
William Ringler, ‘The First Phase of an Elizabethan Attack on the Stage, 1558–1579’, Huntington Library Quarterly, 5, 4 (1942), pp. 391–418
Rose, ‘Navigation’
Susan Rose, ‘Mathematics and the art of Navigation: The advance of scientific seamanship in Elizabethan England’, TRHS, 6th Ser., 14 (2004), pp. 15–184
Rowse, Cornwall
A. L. Rowse, Tudor Cornwall (1941)
Rowse, Structure
A. L. Rowse, The England of Elizabeth: The structure of society (1951)
Rye, England
W. B. Rye, England as seen by foreigners in the days of Elizabeth and James I (1865)
Sacks, ‘Ports’
&n
bsp; David Harris Sacks and Michael Lynch, ‘Ports 1540–1700’, in CUH, chapter 12
Salgado, Underworld
Gamini Salgado, The Elizabethan Underworld (1st edn, 1977; reiss., 1999)
Samaha, ‘Hanging’
Joel B. Samaha, ‘Hanging for felony: The Rule of Law in Elizabethan Colchester’, The Historical Journal, 21, 4 (Dec. 1978), pp. 763–82
Schneider, ‘Colors’
Jane Schneider, ‘Fantastical colors in foggy London’, in Material London, pp. 109–27
Schoenbaum, Shakespeare
S. Schoenbaum, William Shakespeare: A Documentary Life (Oxford, 1975)
Schofield, ‘Topography’
John Schofield, ‘The Topography and Buildings of London’, in Material London, pp. 296–321
Scott, EOaW
A. F. Scott, Every One a witness: The Tudor Age (Book Club Associates ed, 1975)
Sh. Eng.
Shakespeare’s England, 2 vols (Oxford, 1917)
Shapiro, 1599
James Shapiro, 1599: A Year in the Life of William Shakespeare (2005)
Sharpe, Instruments
James Sharpe, Instruments of Darkness: Witchcraft in early modern England (1996)
Sim, Pleasure
Alison Sim, Pleasures and Pastimes in Tudor England (paperback edn, 2009)
Slack, Impact
Paul Slack, The Impact of Plague in Tudor and Stuart England (1985)
Smith, Clean
Virginia Smith, Clean: A History of Personal Hygiene and Purity (Oxford, 2007)
Spufford
Peter Spufford, ‘Long-Term Rural Credit in Sixteenth- and Seventeenth-Century England: The Evidence of Probate Accounts’, in Arkell, Death, pp. 213–28
Stevenson, ‘Extracts’
William Stevenson, ‘Extracts from the booke of the household charges and other payments laid out by the Lord North …’ Archaeologia, 19 (1821), pp. 283–301
Stow, Survay
John Stow, A Survay of London (2nd edn, 1603)
Stoyle, ‘Witch’
Mark Stoyle, ‘“It is but an old witch gone”: Prosecution and Execution for Witchcraft in Exeter, 1558–1610’, History, 96 (April 2011), pp. 129–51
Stoyle, West Britons
Mark Stoyle, West Britons: Cornish Identities and the Early Modern British State (Exeter, 2002)
Strong, Garden
Roy Strong, The Renaissance Garden in England (1979, rep. 1998)
Stubbes, Anatomy
Philip Stubbes, The Anatomy of Abuses (4th edn, 1595)
Thirsk, Documents
Joan Thirsk and J. P. Cooper (eds), Seventeenth Century Economic Documents (Oxford, 1972)
Thirsk, Food
Joan Thirsk, Food in Early Modern England: Phases, Fads and Fashions 1500–1760 (2007)
Thomas, RDM
Keith Thomas, Religion and the Decline of Magic (1971)
Traister, Notorious
Barbara Howard Traister, The Notorious Astrological Physician of London: Works and Days of Simon Forman (2001)
Treasurie
Anon., The Good Hous-wife’s Treasurie (1588)
TRHS
Transactions of the Royal Historical Society
True bill (1603)
Anon., A true bill of the whole number that hath died in the Cittie of London (1603)
Tudor Tailor
Ninya Mikhaila and Jane Malcolm-Davies, The Tudor Tailor: Reconstructing 16th-century dress (2006)
Vigarello, Concepts
Georges Vigarello (trans. J. Birrell), Concepts of Cleanliness: Changing attitudes in France since the Middle Ages (Cambridge, 1988)
Walsham, ‘Hacket’
Alexandra Walsham, ‘“Frantick Hacket”: Prophecy, sorcery, insanity and the Elizabethan puritan movement’, The Historical Journal, 41, 1 (1998), pp. 27–66
Weiner, ‘Sex Roles’
Carol Z. Weiner, ‘Sex Roles and Crime in Late Elizabethan Hertfordshire’, Journal of Social History, vol. 8, no. 4 (Summer 1975), pp. 38–60
Wellcome Trust
Wellcome Trust Library and Archives, London
Williams, Life
Penry Williams, Life in Tudor England (1964)
Wilson, ‘State’
F. J. Fisher (ed.), ‘The State of England Anno Dom. 1600 by Thomas Wilson’, Camden Miscellany vol. xvi, Camden Third Series, 52 (1936), pp. 1–43
Wilson, Food
C. Anne Wilson, Food and Drink in Britain (1991)
Wright, Clean
Lawrence Wright, Clean and Decent (1960)
Wrightson, Earthly Necessities
Keith Wrightson, Earthly Necessities: Economic Lives in Early Modern Britain (2000)
Wrigley & Schofield
E. A. Wrigley and R. S. Schofield, The Population History of England 1541–1871: A Reconstruction (1981)
Yates, ‘Chivalry’
Frances A. Yates, ‘Elizabethan Chivalry: The Romance of the Accession Day Tilts’, Journal of the Warburg and Courtauld Institutes, 20 (1957), pp. 4–25
Yeames, ‘Grand Tour’
A. H. S. Yeames, ‘The Grand Tour of an Elizabethan’, Papers of the British School at Rome, vol. 7 (1914), pp. 92–113
Acknowledgements
I would like to thank heartily the key people who have made this book possible. These are: my agent, Jim Gill; my editor, Jörg Hensgen; and my commissioning editor, Will Sulkin. My thanks are all the more profound as they have supported me since my first book, The Greatest Traitor, eleven years ago. Jim took the outline for that off the huge and frighteningly anonymous slush pile; Will agreed to publish it; and Jörg knocked it into shape – and that is pretty much how it’s been ever since. I wish Will all the best in his retirement, and hope that he knows I will always be grateful to him for giving me the opportunity to write history in my own way, and for encouraging me from the outset to address a wide range of audiences.
My sincere thanks also go to Dr Jonathan Barry and Dr Margaret Pelling, who have supported me and encouraged me for just as long. I am particularly grateful to each of them for reading five chapters of this book prior to publication and making suggestions for corrections. I am also very grateful to Professor Nick Groom, who read a chapter prior to publication too. Obviously the fault for any lingering errors is entirely mine – it is impossible to pick up every slip in a book that deals with the whole gamut of life over a forty-five-year reign – but I hope that the steps taken have reduced my errors to a minimum.
I would also like to say thank you to Kay Peddle, who has helped with various aspects of production, not least the illustrations; and to Dr Barrie Cook, Curator of Medieval and Early Modern Coinage at the British Museum, who gave advice about the coins in use in Elizabeth’s reign, to the copy-editor, Mandy Greenfield, and to the proofreader, Peter McAdie. Following publication, Dr Steven Gunn alerted me to a handful of minor errors, which have now been corrected in this edition: I am very grateful to him for kindly passing on these observations. And thanks to Eric Franklin for advice about late tuning.
Finally I would like to thank my wife Sophie, who has been remarkably tolerant of my habit of shifting between centuries. History does have a tendency to consume people wholly; I often say that professional historians can work whenever they want – as long as it’s all the time. I am grateful to her for being so understanding and supportive. I also appreciate the encouragement that our children, Alexander, Elizabeth and Oliver, have given me. I hope the whole family takes pride in the publication of this book.
Ian Mortimer
Moretonhampstead, 25 October 2011
Index
The page references in this index correspond to the printed edition from which this ebook was created. To find a specific word or phrase from the index, please use the search feature of your ebook reader.
NB. Vital dates have been given where known, to aid identification. Floruit dates have been given only where the individual has an entry in The Oxford Dictionary of National Biography. Books have not been indexed – o
nly their authors have – with the exception of Shakespeare’s plays and anonymous works (indexed under ‘Anon.’).
Aberdeen, University of 108
Abraham men 297
academics 181; see also clerks accents 134–5
acorns 259
actors see players
Acts of Parliament see Parliament Adams, William (1564–1620) 113
Admiral of England 215
adultery see crime
Africa, Africans 5, 111, 118–20, 215, 321
Agarde, Arthur (1535/6–1615) 130
age breakdown 37–8
Agincourt 327
Alba, duke of see Alvarez
Albury 236
alchemy 124, 125, 141
Aldgate see London
ale and beer 77, 115, 142, 145, 146, 212, 220, 221, 245–7, 251, 260, 262, 263, 269, 292, 320, 322 (bottled 263; caudled 263; double beer 35, 240, 263; March beer, 263; small beer 246; stale 285)
Alefounder, Eddy 316
alehouses 67, 95, 96, 100, 240, 292, 322–4, 341; see also inns, Mermaid Tavern (London); theatres (London)
The Time Traveller's Guide to Elizabethan England Page 51