The Time Traveller's Guide to Elizabethan England

by Mortimer, Ian

  Convocation 78, 81

  Cooe, Henry 323

  cookbooks see recipe books

  Cooke, Anne see Bacon

  Cooke, Sir Anthony (1505/6–76) 68, 105

  Cooke, Elizabeth see Russell

  Cooke, Katherine see Killigrew

  Cooke, Mildred see Cecil

  cooks, cookshops 53, 115, 187, 225, 247, 254–5, 262

  coopers 53

  Cope, Anthony (1548x50–1614) 91

  Cope, Mr 321

  Copernicus, Nicolaus (1473–1543) 4, 120–2

  Coppinger, Edmund (c.1555–91) 1–3, 35

  cordwain see leather

  cordwainers 53, 183, 240

  corn 19, 214, 232, 235, 236, 240, 241, 243 (barley 19, 22, 233, 259; malt 231, 242, 260, 262, 263; maslin 259; oatmeal 231; oats 22, 212, 233, 243, 259; rye 19, 22, 233, 243, 259; tares, 233; vetches 19; wheat 19, 22, 233, 243, 247, 259); see also acorns

  Cornellys, Mary 62

  Cornish language 134–6

  Cornwall, Cornishmen 23, 36, 39, 56, 109, 111, 115, 130, 134, 136, 140, 144, 145, 214, 234, 263, 324, 332, 351–2

  coroner 313, 331

  corruption 97–8, 131

  Cortes, Martin (1510–82) 210

  costermongers 54

  cotton 158, 159; see also woollens

  Cotton, Robert Bruce (1571–1631) 130–1

  counterfeit cranks 299

  court hand 137

  courtesy men 299

  courts 136, 284, 293, 296, 299, 301, 313 (assize 84, 295, 301, 302, 304, 306, 312; Bridewell Hospital 307; church 109, 314–19, 323; gaol delivery 302, 313; hundred 301, 302, 308, 311; manorial 60, 141, 302, 308, 311, 312; petty sessions 301; quarter sessions 301, 312, 328)

  courts, royal see Chancery; Common Pleas; Exchequer; Queen’s Bench; Star Chamber

  Coventry 16, 52, 193

  Cranbrook 48

  Cranleigh 235

  Crécy, Battle of 327

  credit and debt 45, 150, 163, 207, 306–7

  Crete 261

  cricket 332

  crime 59 (arson 302, 304; assault 95, 127, 213, 219, 243, 296, 297, 300, 311, 323; brawling 310; brawling in court 309; buggery 302, 304; deception 298; engrossment 147, 241; forestalling 147; forgery 299, 307, 309; hedgebreaking 308, 310; heresy 5, 82, 83, 92, 96, 127, 306; hoarding 241–2; housebreaking 95, 304; infanticide 302; manslaughter 302, 304, 331, 354; murder 59, 76, 95, 96, 128, 153, 213, 292, 300, 302, 304, 312; mutiny 213; poaching 242, 311, 312, 328; poisoning 96, 306, 309; rape 95, 302, 304, 318; regrating 147; rioting 300; slander 309, 316; sodomy 302, 304; theft 57, 59, 95, 96, 146, 213, 219, 292, 297–302, 304, 305, 307, 311, 313, 355, 357); see also games; highwaymen; piracy; treason; witchcraft

  crime, moral 109, 127, 315–19 (adultery 63, 64, 118, 119, 124, 125, 315, 317–19; blasphemy 213, 315–17; defamation 316–17; drunkenness 317; incest 311, 314; non-attendance at church 79, 85, 127, 315–6; sexual offences 75, 127, 314, 315; swearing 213, 316, 317; trading on Sunday 316); see also illegitimacy

  crocodiles 114

  Crompton 59

  Cropredy 171, 234, 235

  cross-staff 210

  cucking stool see ducking stool

  Cumberland 59, 145, 146, 242

  Cumberland, earl of see Clifford

  Cunningham, William (c.1531–86) 118

  curriers 53

  curtains 221, 226, 230–2, 236, 237

  cushions 221, 224, 226, 227, 235, 237, 238, 268

  custard tart see dairy

  cutlers 53

  cutlery see forks; knives; spoons

  cyprus 158, 168

  dairy products 257 (butter 145, 212, 242, 246, 248–50, 253–9, 286; cheese 145, 212, 231, 236, 240, 243, 253, 255, 257, 258, 276; cheese tart 250; cream 150, 231, 285; custard tart 249, 251, 254; milk 145, 234, 247, 254, 260, 263, 275)

  damask rose 189

  damask see silk

  dances and dancing 97, 105, 106, 119, 335, 337, 341–4 (almain 342; basse dance 342; coranto 343; galliard 343; la volta 343; morris 110, 342; pavane 342; schools for 343; Scottish 342)

  Danes see Denmark

  Daniel, Samuel (1562/3–1619) 103, 346, 349

  Danseker, Zymen (c.1579–c.1611) 215

  Danyel, John (1564?–c. 1626) 341

  Dartford 200

  Dartmoor 9, 239

  Dartmouth 9, 279

  date, reckoning the 142–3

  Davies, Richard (c.1505–81), bishop of St David’s 135

  Davies, Sir John (1569–1626) 270

  Davis, John (c. 1550–1605) 113, 211

  Davy, Margaret (d.1542) 96

  Dawson, John (d.1625) 282

  Dawson, Richard (d.1625) 282

  Dawson, Thomas 285

  Day, John (1521/2–84) 339

  dead-pay 98

  death penalty 48, 84, 85, 96, 242 (beheading 85, 97, 100, 214, 216, 305–6, 321; burning alive 43, 73, 83, 92, 127, 153, 306; hanging 26, 35, 60, 61, 73, 83–5, 94–6, 100, 127, 128, 149–50, 153, 202, 213, 242, 243, 292, 293, 300, 302–4, 313, 331, 354; hanging, with drawing and quartering 2–3, 96, 295, 304–5, 309)

  debts see credit

  Dee, Dr John (1527–1609) 112, 121, 124, 125, 129, 193, 361

  deer see livestock

  Defence, Company of Masters of the Science of 329

  Dekker, Thomas (c.1572–1632) 160, 354

  dells 297

  demanders for glimmer 299

  Denmark, Danes 23, 113, 115, 120, 143, 160, 243

  dentistry see teeth; toothdrawer

  dentrifices 276–7

  Deptford 76, 206, 207

  Deputy Lieutenants 49, 292

  Derby, earl of see Stanley

  Devereux, Robert (1565–1601), earl of Essex 4, 115, 161, 182, 192, 305, 322

  Devil, the 75, 119, 120, 127, 128, 176, 190

  devils 80, 119, 170

  Devon 9, 20, 22, 23, 59, 111, 130, 134, 144, 146, 196, 208, 226, 230, 231, 279, 368, 378

  Devon, countess of see Fortibus, Isabella de

  diaries 63, 94, 115

  dice 47, 225, 237, 325, 326 (false 326)

  Dier, Thomas (d.1597) 198

  Digby, Everard (d.1605) 274

  Digges, Thomas (c.1546–95) 121

  Dinghen van der Plasse, Mrs 167

  dinner 142, 246–9, 255, 261; see also mealtimes

  dissection 290, 303

  Dissolution of the Monasteries 72, 78, 367

  ditchers 271 divinity see theology

  dogs 24, 119, 174, 177, 213, 270, 327, 328, 334–6

  dolls 160

  Doncaster 201

  Donne, John (1572–1631), 350, 366

  Dorset, earl of see Sackville

  Douai 82, 84, 85

  Doughty, Thomas (d.1578) 214, 216

  Dover 83, 110, 200, 201, 204

  Dowland, John (1563?–1626) 339–41

  Dowriche, Anne, née Edgcumbe (d.c.1613) 70

  dowries 64

  doxies 297–300

  Doyle, Mrs Katherine (d.1585) 230

  dragon water 281

  dragons 114

  Drake, Sir Francis (1540–96) 3, 4, 94, 111–13, 118, 120, 122, 175, 208, 212–17, 239, 320, 325, 361, 362

  drapers 18, 53

  Drayton, Michael (1563–1631) 103, 290, 350, 354

  dreams, interpretation of 125, 126

  drinkings 247

  Dublin 135; see also Trinity College

  ducking stool 310

  Dudley, Jane see Grey

  Dudley, John (1504–53), duke of Northumberland 223, 346

  Dudley, Robert (1532/3–88), earl of Leicester 43, 44, 90, 91, 185, 222, 228, 253, 308, 309, 335, 347

  dummerers 299

  Durham 16, 21, 82, 146

  dwarf 321

  Dyer, Sir Edward (1543–07) 346, 349

  dyes, dyers 53, 159, 168, 173, 182, 183, 267

  Dynes, William (d. 1601) 55

  earrings 175–6, 186

  earthenware 243, 260, 263, 286

  Eastland Com
pany 113

  Eddystone, the 214

  Eden, Richard (c.1520–76) 112, 118, 210

  Edinburgh 108, 201

  education 94, 101, 104–8, 123; see also literacy

  education of women 67–9, 102, 105, 106, 285

  education, higher 107–8

  Edward I (1239–1307), king of England 34

  Edward III (1312–77), king of England 6, 40

  Edward VI (1537–53), king of England 13, 46, 76, 79, 94, 130, 135, 148, 161, 271, 305

  Effingham 183

  eggs 145, 242, 243, 246, 249, 254–7, 285

  Egyptian mummy see mummia

  Egyptians see gypsies

  Elbing 113

  Eleanor of Castile (1241–90), queen of England 34

  electricitas 122

  elephants 114

  Elizabeth (1533–1603), queen of England 1, 3–5, 8, 29, 39–47, 70–1, 79–80, 90–1, 99, 119, 127, 131, 136, 198, 325, 346, 363 (accession 26, 31, 76–79, 322; accused of atheism 75; ancestry 42, 78, 222; attitudes to 6, 42–3; cleanliness of 273–4, 276; coronation 77, 125, 160, 191, 322; death of 87, 127, 201; dining habits 253; excommunicated 82; fashion 157, 160–2, 165, 169–70, 174; hunting 328; music 337, 340; patronage 43–4, 347, 353; personality 6, 41–3, 48, 91, 93, 360–1; plots against her life 2–5, 40, 43, 46, 83–6, 293–5, 304–5; poetry and plays 345, 347, 353; progresses 32, 44, 110, 192, 226, 253, 261, 262; rumours about 43, 308, 309; smallpox attack 283; succession 39–41, 367); see also incomes

  Eltham Palace 222

  Ely 16, 107

  Ely, bishops of 27, 50

  Elye, Richard 331

  Elyot, Sir Thomas (c.1490–1546) 245, 265, 330, 331

  embroidery see needlework

  enclosure 21, 22, 59

  England, Church of see Church

  England, isolation of 110

  English Channel 23, 207

  English East India Company 113

  English language 41, 102, 104, 114, 132–4, 137

  Epicures 162

  Epping 311

  Erasmus, Desiderius (c.1467–1536) 107

  Erdeswicke, Sampson (c. 1538–1603) 130 Erondell, Peter 162, 359

  Essex 24, 43, 60, 83, 90, 117, 146, 152, 196, 203, 208, 222, 231, 268, 300, 308, 313–16, 323, 338

  Essex, earl of see Devereux

  Eston 196

  Ethiopia, Ethiopians 114, 118

  Eton College 107, 311

  Euripides (c.480–406 BC) 68

  Eusebius (263–339) 68

  Evans, Rice 318

  ewers 227, 272

  Exchequer, Court of the 301

  excommunication 74, 315

  Exe, River 23, 197, 205

  Exeter 9, 15, 16, 51–4, 128, 146, 151, 197, 201, 205, 209, 239, 269, 279, 384 (bishops of 50; diocese of 62, 109)

  Exeter Ship Canal 205

  faggots see firewood

  fairs 146, 298, 330

  falcons, falconry 29, 47, 106, 115, 270, 318, 328

  Falkland Islands 113, 211

  famine see food shortages

  fans 174

  Farmer, John (fl. 1591–1601) 339

  Farnaby, Giles (d.1640) 339, 341

  Farnham 220, 221

  farriers 56

  fashion 156, 160 (Barbarian 161; Danish 160; Dutch 160, 161, 170, 184; Flemish 161; French 117, 160, 161, 165, 166, 179, 184, 223; German 160, 161, 179, 257; Italian 160, 161, 184, 250, 340; Moorish 161, 342; Polish 161; Spanish 117, 160, 161, 163, 165, 166, 168, 183, 184, 223; Turkish 161; Venetian 161, 170, 179, 237)

  fasting see fish days

  Faversham 59, 110

  feasting 97, 226, 247, 252, 254, 255

  featherbeds 219, 226, 231–3, 235, 236, 238

  feathers 182, 219, 342

  felt see woollens

  feltmakers 53

  fencing 105, 329, 335

  ferries 203–4

  fertility 37

  Ficino, Marsilio (1433–99) 344

  fines 61, 79, 84, 147, 196, 213, 242, 244–5, 268, 294, 310–12, 325, 336

  Fineux, Mr 75

  firebacks 237

  firedogs 221, 238

  firewood 21, 56, 146, 220, 271, 273, 308

  fireworks 322

  first fruits 45

  fish 33, 113, 115, 145, 146, 241, 242, 245, 265, 312 (anchovies 253; bad 308; bass 249; bream 250, 328; brill 250; carp 250, 253, 328; cod 23, 249, 256, 259; conger eel 23, 249, 250, 256; crab 250; crayfish 250, 253; cuttlefish 139, 276; eels 239, 249, 256; flounders 250; gurnard 256; halibut 250; herring (baked) 246; herring (pickled) 249, 256; herring (smoked); 249, 253, 256; herring 23, 212; lampreys 249, 250; ling 249; mackerel 23, 249; mullet 249, 256; oysters 146, 240, 253, 256; perch 249, 253; pike 249, 250, 253, 256, 328; pike sauce 249, 250; plaice 23, 249; porpoise 248, 250; roach 249, 256, 328; salmon 249–51; seal 248; shad 249; shrimps 250; sole 250; sprats 246; stockfish 212, 246, 256; sturgeon 248, 250, 253; tench 249, 253, 256, 328; thornback ray, 249; trout 249; turbot 241, 250, 253, 256; whiting 249)

  fish days 244–5, 248, 249, 259, 306, 309, 310

  fishing, fishermen 23, 109, 325, 328–9

  fishing-net-makers 56

  fishmongers 187

  Fitch, Ralph (1550?–1611) 113

  Fitton, Mary (1578–1641) 106

  Fitzalan, Henry (1512–80), earl of Arundel 222, 339

  Fitzgerald, Katherine (d.1604), countess of Desmond 38, 366

  Flanders, Flemish 14, 30, 115, 120, 167, 257, 262, 271; see also fashion

  fleas 213, 269, 270, 280

  Fleet River 27, 307

  Fletcher, John (1579–1625) 119, 350

  Fletchers 53

  flock beds 238

  Flodden 327

  Florida 323

  flowerpots 238

  food shortages 5, 9, 59, 60–4, 95, 236, 241–3, 258–9, 262, 270, 359

  food, importation of 241–3

  food, storage of 242–3

  football 30, 325, 330–2

  foreigners, attitudes to 95, 115–20, 137

  forks 248–9

  Forman, Simon (1552–1611) 62, 63, 125, 267, 281, 284

  Fortibus, Isabella de (1237–93), countess of Devon 205

  Fotheringay 305

  fountains 228–9, 272, 277

  Foxe, John (1516/17–87) 81, 83, 344

  France, French 5, 6, 21, 23, 28, 40, 42, 82, 108, 109, 112, 114–7, 143, 149, 160, 161, 207, 223, 247, 261, 262, 294, 295, 335; see also fashion; Huguenots; Hurault

  Francis (1555–84), duke of Anjou and Alençon 42, 345, 346

  frankincense 287

  frater 298

  Frederick I (1557–1608), duke of Württemberg 66, 99, 116

  freedom of speech see censorship

  French language 41, 68, 105, 116, 136–7

  freshwater mariners 298

  Frittenden 48

  fritters 251

  Frobisher, Sir Martin (1535?–94) 94, 113

  fruit and vegetables 56, 123, 146, 234, 237, 245, 246, 249, 254, 258 (apples 13, 22, 212, 244, 250, 255, 256, 259; artichokes 257; beans 233, 259; blackberries 259; cabbages 257–9; carrots 249, 257, 259; cauliflowers 257; cherries 13, 22, 146, 150, 243, 255, 259; coleworts 249, 259; cucumber 250, 257; currants 246, 256; damsons 243; dates 244, 256; figs 244, 250; fruit tarts 255; gooseberries 243, 255, 257; grapes 212, 257, 261; juniper 228, 243, 268; lamb’s lettuce 257; leeks 249; lemons 146, 150, 244, 256; lentils 259; lettuce 146, 249, 286; melons 257; mushrooms 258; onions 146, 249, 251, 257, 281; oranges 114, 146, 244, 251, 255, 256; parsnips 257, 259; pears 13, 212, 244, 250, 259; peas 212, 233, 254, 259; plums 146, 212, 243; pomegranates 114; potato 254; prunes 212, 256; pumpkins 257, 259; quinces 243; radishes 146, 259; raisins 250; rampions 249; salad 249, 253; spinach 254; strawberries 255, 286; tomatoes 245; turnips 257, 259; watercress 250)

  frumenty 247

  Fulford, Great 226

  fuller’s earth 189

  funerals 67, 76, 80, 101, 247, 279, 281

  Funival’s Inn see London

&nbs
p; furniture 21, 230, 307 (beds 218–21, 226, 230–5, 238, 307; benches 220, 221, 224, 230, 232, 235; boulting hutch 232; buffets 225; chairs 172, 219–21, 224, 230, 232, 237; chests of drawers 227; chests, coffers 171, 189, 212, 219, 220, 227, 230, 232, 235, 270; cupboards 221, 225, 227, 231, 232, 235; royal 321; settles 237; stools 219, 220, 230, 232; tables 172, 219, 220, 224, 225, 227, 230, 232, 235, 237; testers 220, 226; writing desk 231); see also bedding; carpets; curtains; mirrors; featherbeds; flock beds; table linen

  furriers 53

  furs 157, 158, 170, 181, 182, 187, 189

  Furse, Robert 231, 232

  fustian 158, 164, 171, 184, 188

  Fyshe, Walter (d.1585) 161

  Gad’s Hill 202

  Gaelic 136–6

  Gainsh, Robert 118

  galantine sauce 250–2

  Gale, Thomas (c.1507–67) 290

  Galen (Galenus), Aelius (129–99?) 264, 266, 270

  Gallilei, Galileo (1564–1642) 120, 122

  gallows see death penalty

  gamekeepers 242

  games see bowls; card games; chess; dice; football; ninepins; quoits; shovegroat; tables; tennis

  games, unlawful 301, 311, 325, 331, 332

  gaol delivery see courts

  gardens, gardening 6, 13, 17, 20, 25, 56, 103, 224, 228–9, 233–4, 238, 257, 258, 321, 323, 360

  Gardner, Avis (d.1580) 171

  garlic see herbs

  Garter, Knights of the 157

  Gascoigne, George (1534/5–77) 167, 350

  gavelkind 22

  Gawsworth Hall 230

  gelatine 139

  Geneva 68, 71

  gentlemen, gentry 24, 45, 48–9, 52, 53, 55, 95, 98, 99, 106, 110, 114, 116, 120, 129, 136, 140, 142, 153, 155, 176, 178, 187, 198, 199, 203, 223, 226, 230, 246, 247, 260, 296, 325, 330–2, 368

  geometry 108

  Gerard, John (1564–1637) 123, 245

  Gerard, John (c.1545–1612) 88–9

  Germany, Germans 67, 112, 114, 115, 120, 193, 229, 261, 295, 346; see also fashion; Hentzner; Prussia

  ghosts 126

  giant 321

  Gibraltar, Straits of 215

  Gifford, Gilbert (1560–90) 85

  Gilbert, Sir Humphrey (1537–83) 112, 344

  Gilbert, William (1544?–1603) 122–3

  Gillingham 113

  gingerbread 251

  Glasgow. University of 108

  glass, glaziers 14, 15, 19, 23, 32, 53, 99–100, 220, 221, 224, 228, 229, 231–8, 240, 259

  glassware, glass-makers, glass-sellers 33, 34, 235, 243, 253, 259, 260; see also bottles

  Gleek 325

  Gloucester 16

  Gloucestershire 23

  glovers 12, 13, 15, 18, 53, 174, 362

  gloves 170, 174

  Glyn, Henry 311

  Godalming 55

  gold cups 260