Louis Armstrong, Master of Modernism

Home > Other > Louis Armstrong, Master of Modernism > Page 74
Louis Armstrong, Master of Modernism Page 74

by Thomas Brothers


  Nelson, Willie, 393

  New Haven, Conn., 436

  New Negro, The (Rogers), 447

  New Orleans, La., 2, 3, 23, 29, 40, 41, 45–46, 325, 373–74, 437–38

  African-American dance halls in, 31, 32

  antebellum, 27

  Astoria Gardens in, 418, 424–25

  as Big Easy, 449

  Bourbon Street in, 225

  Bywater neighborhood of, 425

  Canal Street in, 104

  Congo Square in, 93, 450

  Country Club in, 198

  early jazz in, 17, 31, 32, 35, 54

  funeral processions and parade bands in, 4–5, 15, 26, 32, 85, 198, 213, 291

  Funky Butt Hall in, 32, 438

  Heinemann Park in, 424

  honky tonks of, 4, 56, 437

  Industrial Canal in, 425

  Jefferson Parish, 418

  LA’s early years in, 4–6, 11, 97, 115, 129, 197–98, 438

  Mardi Gras Rex parade in, 217

  Orpheum Theater in, 169

  Patterson Hotel in, 418, 423–24

  post-Reconstruction in, 437

  Pythian Temple Roof garden in, 425

  racial and national mixing in, 449

  railroad stations in, 13, 418

  Rampart Street in, 418, 419

  Robert Charles riots of 1900 in, 43

  St. Raymond Park in, 424

  segregation and prejudice in, 34, 43, 415–16

  Seventh Ward of, 104

  Storeyville prostitution district of, 11, 20, 46

  Suburban Gardens outside of, 418–25, 423, 429, 433, 437, 453

  trolley line in, 293

  U.S. Army Supply Base in, 425

  whistling in, 110

  New Orleans Black Pelicans, 424

  New Orleans Creole Band, 17, 23

  New Orleans Rhythm Kings, 33, 36, 63, 106

  New Tiger Rag, 430–31

  New World Symphony (Dvořák), 291

  New York, N.Y., 43, 113, 115, 120, 317, 325

  Aeolian Hall in, 202, 349

  Audubon Theater in, 336–37

  black Broadway shows in, 72–73, 241, 329, 341, 345–47, 352–55, 353, 417, 434, 512, 513

  Broadway in, 120, 138, 150, 155, 241, 248

  Carnegie Hall in, 178, 317

  caste system of black musicians in, 335

  Chrysler Building in, 9

  Clef Club in, 335–36

  Club Alabam in, 130, 140

  Columbus Circle in, 159

  El Fay Club in, 245

  Fifth Avenue in, 152

  Gaiety Theater Building in, 140, 155

  Hudson Theater in, 141, 345–53, 360

  as jazz center, 142, 159

  LA in, 120–23, 333–60, 430

  Liberty Theater in, 329, 345

  Lincoln Center in, 159

  Loew’s State Theater in, 367, 380

  Rhythm Club in, 335–36

  Rialto Theater in, 177–78

  Rivoli Theater in, 177–78

  Roseland Ballroom in, 120, 130–32, 133, 138–39, 140, 141–42, 145, 149–52, 155, 206, 245, 438, 453, 495

  63rd Street Music Hall in, 341–44

  Terrace Gardens in, 129–30

  Times Square in, 130

  Windsor Theater in, 345

  Ziegfeld Theater in, 355–56

  see also Harlem

  New York Age, 131, 152, 335

  New York Clipper, 95, 132, 203, 447

  New York Daily Mirror, 131, 367

  New Yorker, The, 350, 447

  New York Evening Graphic, 346, 434

  New York Philharmonic, 451

  New York Times, 130, 138, 513

  Niagara Falls, 335, 336

  Nicholas, 45–46

  Nicholas, Albert, 87, 332, 362, 489, 517

  Nichols, Red, 239

  Nicodeemus, 237

  NightClub Map of Harlem, 391

  No, 325, 359

  Noone, Jimmy, 21, 59, 103, 106–7, 194

  No One Else but You, 325, 359

  Nootsy, 70–71, 79, 320

  Norfolk, Va., 53

  obbligato, 5, 49, 90, 94, 97, 145, 159

  Oberstein, Eli, 434, 454

  O’Brien, Floyd, 215, 304

  O’Day, Anita, 312

  Of All the Wrongs You Done to Me, 157

  Ohio, 60, 119, 223

  Ohio State University, 415

  OKeh Cabaret and Style Show, 216

  OKeh Records, 53, 64–65, 100, 107, 127, 159, 165, 204–16, 218–19, 239, 260, 262–63, 282–86, 357–60, 368–71, 381–82, 431, 434

  Oklahoma, 425–26

  Oklahoma City, Okla., 426

  Old Black Joe, 26–27, 30, 38, 39, 228

  Old Man Blues, 385

  Oliver, Joe “King,” 11, 37, 48, 55, 87, 133, 192, 194, 371

  adolescence of, 56

  band leadership of, 86–91, 97

  character and personality of, 20–24, 80, 86–88, 116–18

  composing of, 64, 69, 106, 107, 294–95

  cornet playing, 29, 33, 56, 63–65, 69, 80–83, 100, 150, 187, 190, 252, 255–57, 268

  death of, 418

  freak music style of, 21, 22, 29–30, 58–59, 64–65, 101, 171, 199, 213, 260, 458

  gum disease and deteriorating playing of, 89, 243, 255, 259

  jazz breaks of, 82–83, 117

  LA’s break with, 112–13, 114, 118–19, 120

  LA’s co-compositions with, 64, 69, 106, 107, 149, 265, 457–58

  LA’s cornet duets with, 63–64, 82–83, 91, 98, 117

  LA’s musical training with, 5, 7–8, 24, 45, 65, 69, 80, 81, 83, 97–98, 107, 109, 110, 118–19, 143, 268, 325, 455–56

  LA’s relationship with, 70, 78–83, 98, 100, 107, 112–13, 117–19, 222–23, 225, 255–56, 417–18

  popularity and fame of, 24, 40, 60, 68, 101, 109, 131, 149

  sacred and secular music mixed by, 63–64

  skill and creativity of, 29–31, 33, 59, 63–65, 255–57

  use of the term “Creole” by, 22–24

  see also King Oliver and His Creole Jazz Band

  Oliver, Stella, 17, 45, 119

  on King Oliver, 56, 64

  Oliver-Ory Band, 18, 22

  Ollie Power’s Harmony Syncopators, 101

  Ol’ Man River, 265, 345

  125 Jazz Breaks for Trumpet (Armstrong), 266–67

  One I Love (Belongs to Somebody Else), The, 222

  Onward Brass Band, 90

  Orendorff, George, 386, 399

  organized crime, 226–27, 414–15, 418, 433

  Oriental Strut, 208–10, 216, 218, 251, 264, 459

  Original Creole Band, 23

  Original Dixieland Jazz Band (ODJB), 136

  black music adopted by, 24, 134

  popularity and success of, 17, 23–24, 63

  recordings of, 17, 36, 57, 63, 102, 134

  Original Indiana Five, 218

  Ormandy, Eugene, 187

  Orpheum circuit, 117

  Ory, Kid, 22, 56, 103–4, 165, 174, 217, 223, 227, 260, 417–18

  compositions of, 282–85

  in Hot Five, 206–7, 210, 212, 215, 262, 282–85

  on LA, 212

  Ory Band, 20, 21, 189, 207, 223

  Ory’s Creole Trombone, 282

  Osgood, Henry, 122, 135–36, 138

  Our Gang films, 385

  Overton, Anthony, 75

  Pace, Harry, 53, 126–29, 154

  Pace and Handy Music Company, 126–27, 154

  Page, Oran “Hot Lips,” 374

  Palmer, Roy, 89

  Panico, Louis, 33, 413–14, 515

  Paramount Pictures, 437, 443–44, 446–47

  Paris, 286, 376

  Pasadena, Calif., 440–41, 513

  Paul and His Pals, 426–27

  Paul Whiteman and His Orchestra, 138, 280, 327

  Paul Whiteman and the Rhythm Boys, 280, 507

  Peanut Vendor, 413, 425

  Pennies from Heaven (film), 448

  P
ennington, Ann, 235

  Peoria, Ill., 27

  Perez, Manuel, 90

  Perkins, Bill, 399

  Perry, Katherine, 278

  Petit, Buddy, 5, 66, 90, 105, 424, 490

  Petrouchka (Stravinsky), 135

  Peyton, Dave, 8, 40, 51, 68, 103, 130–31, 133, 141, 180, 183–84, 186, 220, 239, 256, 270, 286, 497

  arrangements of, 243

  conducting of, 187, 223, 328–29

  on LA, 166, 170, 191–93, 201, 203, 216, 266, 268, 273, 280, 290–91

  Philadelphia, Pa., 366, 429

  Pearl Theater in, 434

  Philadelphia Orchestra, 187

  Phil Romano and His Rainbow Orchestra, 130

  Picasso, Pablo, 408

  Picou, Alphonse, 102

  Pinkett, Ward, 410, 453

  Piron, Armand, 106, 155

  Pittsburgh, Pa., 75

  Duquesne Garden in, 151

  Pittsburgh Courier, 51, 131, 151, 436, 494, 518

  player pianos, 176

  piano rolls for, 72, 129, 218

  playing by ear, 36, 49, 59, 68, 73, 86–87, 91, 92, 133, 255, 381

  Play That Thing, 101

  Plunkett, Vincent, 278

  polka, 150

  Pollack, Ben, 280

  Pool Room Papa, 346, 352

  Poor Little Rich Girl, 194, 237, 371

  LA’s solo on, 258, 259

  popular music, 43, 146, 154, 267, 270, 271–72, 297

  Broadway show tunes as, 72–73, 134

  dancing to, 138

  domination of 4/4 time in, 88

  jazz versions of, 9, 11, 107, 134

  Jewish talents in, 135

  LA’s transformation of, 9, 11, 354, 365, 368, 383, 394, 396, 408, 411–12, 459–60

  publication of, 138

  recordings of, 72

  post-Reconstruction, 437, 449, 450

  Potato Head Blues, 265–68, 281, 352, 404, 504

  LA’s solo in, 83, 261, 263–64, 266–68, 272, 460

  Potter, Bill, 178

  Powers, Ollie, 78, 101, 120, 168, 290–91

  Preer, Evelyn, 379

  Pretty Baby, 17

  Price, George, 367

  Price, Sammy, 158, 374

  primitivism, 229–33, 239, 240, 241, 242, 268, 272, 337–38, 343, 374, 448, 451

  Prince, Henry, 399

  Prince, Morgan, 26

  Prohibition era, 226

  bootleg whiskey in, 229, 390

  Puccini, Giacomo, 280

  Pullman porters, b, 42, 75

  Purdue University, 27

  Purvis, Jack, 365

  Put ’Em Down Blues, 282

  QRS Records, 311–12, 315

  race records, 53, 130, 133, 138, 153, 155, 157, 204–11, 263, 355, 360, 376, 383, 438, 453

  blues as staple of, 204–5, 372

  Rachmaninoff, Sergei, 126

  racism, 137, 200

  blackface minstrel shows and, 26–30, 453

  condescension and prejudice inherent in, 38, 229–33, 239, 240, 354

  cultural, 437–39

  in films, 28, 182–83, 437, 443–45, 454

  LA’s encounters with, 1–3, 28, 328, 416, 419–20, 425–28, 437

  stereotypes of, 229–33, 416, 441–43, 448

  vigilante terrorism of, 15

  violence and rioting of, 43, 390

  see also Jim Crow legal system; segregation; slavery

  radio broadcasts, 1, 9, 131, 179, 220, 290, 291, 300, 309, 334, 378, 387, 409–10, 419–20

  Raeburn, Bruce Boyd, 321

  rags-bottles-and-bones men, 56, 57, 197–98, 201, 437–38

  ragtime, 4, 26, 57, 58, 65, 72, 95, 106, 109, 275, 401

  dances in, 32, 230

  syncopation and additive rhythm in, 94

  Ragtime Dance, 264

  Rainey, Ma, 29, 51–52, 54, 154, 155, 258

  Randolph, Manda, 220

  Randolph, Zilner, 163, 421–22, 425, 435, 516

  Ray Miller and His Orchestra, 131

  Razaf, Andy, 345, 352, 434, 513–14

  RCA Victor, 434

  Reckless Blues, 162

  Rector, Eddie, 237, 264, 267

  Redd, Bud, 18, 74, 100

  Red Heads, 218

  Redman, Don, 130, 143, 145, 149–51, 212, 314, 321, 323–25, 352, 392, 415, 490, 510–11

  Reeves, Reuben, 103, 238, 328–29, 513

  Rena, Kid, 105–6, 151, 210, 418

  René, Leon and Otis, 440–41, 513

  Reveille, 101, 102

  Rhapsody in Black and Blue (film), 437, 443, 444

  Rhapsody in Blue (Gershwin), 119, 234, 291, 300, 349–50

  Richardson, Jazz Lips, 276, 346, 378

  Richardson, Walter, 182, 378, 385

  Richie, Martha, 379

  Richmond, Va., 60, 63, 421

  Riesenfeld, Hugo, 177–78

  Riffin’ the Scotch, 411

  Riverside Blues, 91

  RKO Pictures, 378, 385

  RKO vaudeville-movie circuit, 429, 433–34, 437, 455

  Roach, W. H., 124

  roaring twenties, 245–46

  Robertson, Zue, 117, 117

  Robeson, Paul, 340

  Robichaux, John, 21

  Robin, Leo, 278

  Robinson, Bill “Bojangles,” 11, 76–77, 77, 155, 220, 230, 247, 259, 336, 338, 345, 353

  films of, 385

  LA and, 394

  stage presence and professionalism of, 350–51, 394, 438

  Robinson, Fred, 292, 334

  Robinson, J. Russell, 345, 392

  rock and roll, 242

  Rockin’ Chair, 359–60, 362–63, 413, 515

  Rockwell, Tommy, 319, 419, 429, 434

  LA managed by, 329–31, 333–37, 358–59, 366, 376, 378, 414

  Rodgers, Jimmie, 381

  Rogers, A. J., 447

  Rogers, Marshall “Garbage,” 324, 333, 367

  Roland, Ruth, 436

  Rolfe, B. A., 151, 191, 357, 366

  Rollins, Sonny, 377, 399

  Roppolo, Leon, 307–8, 389, 392

  Roseland Orchestra, 124

  Ross, Allie, 130

  Rosseau, Myrner, 384

  Royal, Marshall, 380

  Royal Garden Blues, 106–7, 193, 502

  Royal Gardens, see Lincoln Gardens

  Runnin’ Wild (Johnson and Mack), 344

  Russell, Luis, 103, 207, 332, 362

  Russell, William, 390, 493, 495–96, 506–7

  Russia, 448

  Rutledge and Taylor, 379

  Saar, Louis Victor, 334

  St. Cyr, Johnny, 31, 179, 489, 499, 501

  in Hot Five and Hot Seven, 165, 204–5, 208, 215, 260

  St. Louis, Mo., 51, 291, 309, 391–92, 433

  Chauffeur’s Club in, 429

  St.Louis Theater (Powell Hall) in, 429

  St. Louis Blues, 50–52, 161–63, 252, 295, 309, 337, 349, 360, 362, 367, 369, 371, 415, 447

  St. Louis Tickle, 72

  St. Martin’s, 395

  Salemme, Antonio, 340

  Sam Lanin Orchestra, 130, 151

  Sam Morgan’s Jazz Band, 283

  Samuels, William, 183

  San Antonio, Tex., 426, 427–28

  Sanctified Churches, 84–86, 114, 191, 437

  San Francisco, Calif., 21–23, 30, 438

  California Theater in, 22

  Saunders, Red, 179

  Save It Pretty Mamma, 325

  Savoy Blues, 282–86, 290, 293, 315, 324, 352, 405

  Sayles, Emmanuel, 31

  Scandals, 235

  Schoepp, Franz, 103

  Schubert, Franz, 245, 250, 252–53, 255

  Schuller, Gunther, 245, 252, 411, 508–9, 511, 518

  Schuyler, George, 123

  Scott, Harold, 399

  Scott, Howard, 142, 154, 156, 303

  Screamin’ the Blues, 158

  Sea Beast, The (film), 185

  Sebastian, Frank, 378–79, 383, 389–90, 412

  Sebastian New Cotton Club Orchest
ra, 382, 386

  Secret Nine baseball team, 424

  See, Hilda, 431–32

  segregation, 189, 240

  elimination of, 43

  in New Orleans, 34, 416

  performing and touring under conditions of, 1–2, 3, 36, 52, 60, 131, 145, 228, 327, 378–79, 416, 426–27

  “separate but equal” concept and, 231

  “White” and “Colored” signs in, 42

  Selby, Norman, 411

  Seldes, Gilbert, 241, 407, 502

  Seven Lively Arts, The (Seldes), 241

  Shanghai Shuffle, 143

  sharecroppers, 42, 54

  sheet music, 5, 20, 50, 54, 72, 73, 107–8, 366, 371

  memorizing of, 91

  sightreading from, 72

  Sheik of Araby, The, 98

  Shine, 432, 439

  Shoffner, Bob, 103, 243, 256

  Shostakovich, Dmitri, 448

  Show Girl, 337

  Shuffle Along (Sissle and Blake), 72–73, 341–45, 351, 513

  Simms, Margaret, 233

  Simons, John Henry, 98

  Sims, Joe, 212

  Sinatra, Frank, 398–99

  LA and, 363

  Singin’ the Blues, 281, 505

  Singleton, Zutty, 58, 59, 300, 334, 337, 340, 361, 512–13

  LA and, 286–89, 303, 305, 308, 318, 326, 333

  Sioux City, Iowa, 27

  Sissle, Noble, 73, 341, 343–44, 347, 513

  Skip the Gutter, 313, 315–16, 364, 507, 514

  slavery, 38, 41, 105, 437, 452

  drumming suppressed in, 93

  ecstatic worship associated with, 125–26

  Middle Passage and, 449

  musical and social legacies of, 3–6, 26–28, 59, 67, 92–94, 305, 339, 354

  slide whistle, 99

  slow drags, 31, 256

  Smart, Byron, 403

  Smith, Bessie, 52–54, 59–60, 65, 154, 161, 252, 258, 295, 298–99, 301, 347, 373, 399

  LA and, 50, 153, 159–63

  Smith, Clara, 154

  Smith, Florence, 321

  Smith, George, 243

  Smith, Hazel, 295

  Smith, Jabbo, 301–2, 415

  Smith, Joe, 146, 148, 151–52, 154, 160, 248, 274, 347, 496, 509

  Smith, Leroy, 270, 339

  Smith, Mamie, 53, 154, 182, 215, 258

  Smith, Stuff, 302, 392

  Smith, Thomas “Sugar Johnny,” 21

  Smith, Trixie, 154

  Smith, Willie “The Lion,” 50, 58, 72, 75, 76, 194, 237, 271, 317–18, 336, 427

  on LA, 98

  Smithsonian Collection of Classic Jazz (Williams, ed.), 245

  Snag It, 256

  Snake Rag, 81, 107

  Snow, Valaida, 235, 500–501

  Sobbin’ Blues, 99–100

  S.O.L. Blues, 262

  Some of These Days, 290, 357–58, 367

  Song of the Islands, 367, 379, 380

  Soper, Tut, 239

  Sophisticated Lady, 317

  So This Is Jazz (Osgood), 122, 135–36

  Sousa, John Philip, 460

  South, Eddie, 327

  Southern Serenaders, 150

  Soviet Union, 448

  Spanier, Muggsy, 33–34, 89, 231–32, 239, 304–5

 

‹ Prev