Spanish Shawl, 193
spirituals, 4, 230, 236
Spurrier, Esten, 267
Squeeze Me, 297, 506
Stacey, Jess, 239, 304, 389, 391
Star Dust, 323, 403–7, 405
AL’s performance of, 404–7
Staten, Georgie, 244
Static Strut, 193, 210, 459
Stearns, Jean, 171
Stearns, Marshall, 171, 230–31
Stewart, Rex, 131, 152–53, 335, 502
Stewart, Sammy, 119–20, 145, 191, 223–24, 291, 498
Stomp Off, Let’s Go, 193, 210, 459
stop time, 111, 208, 264, 265–67, 272, 504
Stoptime Rag, 264
Stowe, Harriet Beecher, 363
Strauss, Richard, 448
Stravinsky, Igor, 10, 11, 135, 393
Stringbeans and Sweetie May, 213
Strong, Jimmy, 292
Struttin’ with Some Barbecue, 282–83, 286, 315, 352, 364, 505–6
Sublett, John William “Bubbles,” 264, 267, 268, 355–56, 504
Sugar Foot Stomp, 149–50, 193, 205, 297, 301, 507
Sullivan, Ed, 434, 443
Sullivan, Joe, 239, 280
Sunset Affairs, 278
Sunset Cafe Stomp, 214
Sunset Gaieties, 244, 264–65
Supreme Court, U.S., 231, 427
Swaffer, Hannen, 408–9
Sweet Baby Doll, 104
Sweethearts on Parade, 327, 384, 400, 402, 404, 406–8
Sweet Lovin’ Man, 100, 106
Sweet Sue—Just You, 392
swing, 57, 193, 210
four-beat style of, 88
swing era, 31, 39, 88, 262, 411
syncopation, 94, 134–36, 147, 201, 457
Take Me to the River, 301
Talking Machine World, 54, 99, 100
tango, 51, 135
Tansur, William, 395
Tan Town Topics, 341, 345
Taps, 102
Tate, Erskine, 175–76, 178, 179, 180, 183–86, 188, 190–94, 203–4, 205, 290, 499, 506
Tate, James, 180, 182
Tatum, Art, 171, 273
Taylor, Cecil, 110
Taylor, Eva, 154
Tchaikovsky, Peter Ilyich, 280
Teagarden, Jack, 160, 332, 391, 422, 499
Tears, 83–84, 105, 146, 172
LA and Lillian Armstrong as co-composers of, 83, 100, 110, 111, 430, 457
recording of, 110, 490–91
Tell Me Dreamy Eyes, 142, 147
Terrell, Pha, 392
Teschemacher, Frank, 59, 218, 238, 274, 304
Texas, 158, 160, 425–28, 433
Texas Moaner Blues, 155–57
Texas Rangers, 427
That Eccentric Rag, 29
That Rhythm Man, 512–13
That’s When I’ll Come Back to You, 319
That’s Why Darkies Were Born, 345
Theater Owners Booking Association (TOBA) circuit, 17, 52, 434, 489
Them There Eyes, 413
Thibeau, Tom, 35
Thomas, George, 104
Thomas, Hersal, 104
Thomas, Hociel, 165, 489–90
Thompson, “Big Bill,” 276
Three Classy Misses, 278
Thurman, Wallace, 352
Tichenor, George, 231, 241, 432
Tiger Rag, 141–42, 284, 368–69, 371, 383, 413, 420, 430, 432, 437
Tight Like This, 317, 321–24, 330, 356
Time, 366, 382
Tin Pan Alley, 149, 495
Tin Roof, 389
TNT, 150
Todd, Clarence, 158–59
Toomer, Jean, 125
Tough, Dave, 33, 38, 59, 391
Traffic in Harlem, 346, 352
Treaty of Versailles, 84
Trip Through Southland, A, 288
Tristan und Isolde (Wagner), 136
Trumbauer, Frank, 281, 313, 364, 502
Tucker, Earl “Snakehips,” 345, 385
Tucker, Sophie, 169, 357
Turkey in the Straw, 395
Tuskegee Institute, 305
Tuxedo Brass Band, 91
Tweedie, Tinah, 218
Tyler, Tex., 427
Ukelele Ike, 212
Uncle Remus Tales, 442
Uncle Tom’s Cabin (Stowe), 363
Underneath the Moon, 278
United States:
biracialism in, 23
European immigration in, 13, 36–37
illegitimacy statistics in, 37
Vallée, Rudy, 366, 367, 398, 400, 401, 407, 413, 434, 516
Vanderhurst, Sammy, 244
Variety, 130, 152, 169, 172, 224, 226, 235, 238, 247, 256, 345, 347, 385
vaudeville, 26–30, 38, 51–52, 54, 117–18, 151–52, 158, 167, 187, 238, 241, 243, 367, 407, 417
Venable, Percy, 236, 242, 252, 254–55, 329, 371
revues produced by, 17, 243–46, 250, 258, 277–78, 290, 499–500, 502
Vendome Theater Symphony Orchestra, 175–87, 179, 205
Venuti, Joe, 327
vibrato, 119, 157, 231
Vicksburg, Miss., 40–43, 46
Victorian values, 240, 407
Victor Records, 63, 381, 434
Victory Life Insurance Company, 75
Victor Young Orchestra, 404
Vidor, King, 378
Vincent, U. Conrad, 124
Vincent Lopez’s Orchestra, 130, 151
violins, 20, 136, 179, 183, 196
Virtuoso, The, 314
Vitaphone system, 220, 334
Vocalion, 130, 138, 320
Voelker, George, Jr., 278
Voice of America, 200
voting rights, 45, 230
Waco, Tex., 427
Wade, Jimmy, 323
Wagner, Richard, 136, 178, 298, 409
Walker, A’Lelia, 125
Walker, Ruby, 160
Wallace, Sippie, 154, 158
Waller, Fats, 158, 171, 184, 341, 344, 345, 346, 348–49, 348, 408, 434
Wall Street Journal, 131
waltzes, 122, 135, 182, 344, 422
Ware, Edmund A., 125
Washington, Albert, 308
Washington, Booker T., 42, 54, 125
Washington, D.C., 106, 108, 112, 124, 250, 269, 366, 371–72, 429, 434, 459
Howard Theater in, 435
Washington, Ford L. “Buck,” 264, 265, 367–68
Washington, Leon, 59, 497
Washington Post, 218, 443, 514, 516
Waters, Benny, 135, 152
Waters, Ethel, 29, 81, 129, 139, 218, 290, 295, 299, 331, 338, 340, 345
Watts, Bob, 374
Way Out West (film), 384
WCFL radio, 290, 309
Weary Blues, 262–63, 509
Weary Blues, The (Hughes), 297–98
Weather Bird Rag, 106, 108, 111–12, 272, 313–17, 457, 490, 510
Weatherford, Teddy, 180, 192
Weatherly, Frederick, 63
Webb, Chick, 333
West End Blues, 107, 157, 158, 217, 262, 292–95, 298–302, 308, 312, 324–25, 358, 371, 400, 413, 415, 438, 507, 514
Westmoreland, Lillian, 237
Wettling, George, 33–34, 59, 239, 281, 295, 304, 391
What a Friend We Have in Jesus, 82
What Did I Do to Be So Black and Blue, 346, 352–54, 438, 513
What’ll I Do, 78
What the Negro Thinks (Moton), 305–6
When It’s Sleepy Time Down South, 28, 413, 432, 440–44, 447–48, 519
When It’s Sleepy Time Down South (film), 28, 448
When You Leave Me Alone to Pine, 99–100, 457
When You’re Smiling, 327, 357–58, 367, 379, 410, 421
Where Did You Get Those Eyes, 182
Where Did You Stay Last Night?, 99, 100, 457
White, Lulu, 20
White, Slick, 244, 278
White, Walter, 125, 126
Whiteman, Paul, 9–10, 34, 119, 122, 132, 135, 138–39, 152, 202–3, 238, 270, 274, 280, 291, 297<
br />
fame of, 326–27
on LA, 434
white reform organizations, 32, 238
white supremacy, 231, 240, 416, 442
Whitlock, Frankye Marilyn, 378
Whitney, Salem Tutt, 228, 440
Whyte, Zack, 429–30
WIBO radio, 413
Wichita Falls, Tex., 426
Wildcat Blues, 83
Wild Man Blues, 257–58, 262, 266, 267, 295
Willems, Jos, 441
Williams, “Black Benny,” 415–16, 492
Williams, Bobby, 98, 101–2, 223, 237, 492
Williams, Clarence, 43, 83, 106–7, 193, 294, 355, 506
LA and, 153, 155–59
Williams, Cootie, 318, 374, 378, 380, 504
Williams, Fess, 82, 328
Williams, Martin, 245
Williams, Spencer, 332
Willie the Weeper, 262
Wilson, Edith, 346, 352–55
Wilson, Teddy, 171–72, 209, 299, 435, 508
Winchell, Walter, 367
Wolverine Orchestra, 143–44
Woodbridge, Hudson, 321
Wooding, Sam, 154
Woods, Harry McGregor, 279–80
Woods, Tommy, 342
Words, 142, 147
World War I, 50, 101
World War II, 3, 50
Wright, Minnie T., 186
Wright, Richard, 42, 201, 305, 372–73, 397–98
WSNB radio, 419–20
W. W. Kimball Company, 104
Wynn’s Creole Jazz Band, 302
Yale University, 427
Yes! I’m in the Barrel, 204, 206
Youmans, Vincent, 278, 334
Young, Lester, 267, 364
Young, Oscar, 113
Young Women’s Christian Association (YWCA), 124
You’re Driving Me Crazy, 398, 516
You’re Lucky to Me, 386, 516
You’re Next, 208, 218
Ziegfeld, Florenz, 169–70, 243, 337
Zippity Do Dah, 4
Zulu Social Aid and Pleasure Club, 418, 424
COPYRIGHT
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Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data
Brothers, Thomas David.
Louis Armstrong, master of modernism / Thomas Brothers.
— First edition.
pages cm
Includes bibliographical references and index.
ISBN 978-0-393-06582-4 (hardcover)
1. Armstrong, Louis, 1901–1971. 2. Jazz musicians—United States—
Biography. I. Title.
ML419.A75B776 2014
781.65092—dc23
[B]
2013037726
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