The House Of Medici

by Christopher Hibbert

  Gianfigliazzi, 314, 325

  Guadagni, 315

  Guicciardini, 315

  Martelli, 57

  Medici, building of, 75–6; courtyard of, 90; Donatello, 91–2; Filippo Lippi, 93; Della Robbia, 108; Ucello, 108; Pollaiuolo, 108; Botticelli, 109; Gozzoli, 110; Lorenzo the Magnificent’s wedding celebrations, 117–18; Princess Eleonora of Naples entertained at, 121; and the Pazzi Conspiracy, 135, 136; Michelangelo at, 166; plundered, 187; Charles VIII at, 190; Giovanni di Lorenzo born in, 202; celebrations for the election of Leo X, 218; council meetings in, 220; Duke of Nemours dying in, 223; picture of Clement VII on façade of, 249; murder in, 269; Cosimo I taken ill at, 273; Medici shield on, 313; Medici Library kept at, 316; historical note on, 317–18

  Medici-Riccardi, 318

  Pazzi, 141, 162

  Pazzi-Quaratesi, 321

  Pitti, 104, 274; grandiose, 76; the Ducal Palace, 271; Cosimo I dies in, 273; Ferdinando I and, 280; Cosimo II extends, 282; wine sold at, 284; Del Cimento meets at, 284; Ferdinando II extends, 285; Sala della Stufa, 285; the collection of ivories, 286; Marguerite-Louise at, 291; Grand Duke Gian Gastone dies at, 309; Electress Palatine at, 309; historical note on, 328; murals in, 332

  Pucci, 315

  Rucellai, 29, 76, 313

  Salviati, 261, 321

  Spini-Ferroni, 314

  Strozzi, 168, 323

  Tornabuoni, 102

  Vecchio (formerly Palazzo della Signoria, q.v.), 274; the Palleschi at, 257; the Ducal Palace, 269; decoration of the courtyard, 275; laboratory of Duke Francesco in, 278; Ferdinand I’s banquet in, 281; historical note on, 312; the fountain and murals at, 330

  Palleschi, 217, 256, 257

  Palmieri, Matteo, 28

  Panciaticchi, Andrea, 145

  Papacy, the, the ‘great schism’, 34; and the Medici bank, 35, 36, 37, 88, 89; and the Eastern Church, 67; Sforza a condottiere for, 81; and the French invasion of Italy, 186; Leo X enjoys, 218; a pro-Medici Sacred College, 235

  Papal States, near-anarchy in, 27; Bologna and, 65; alum deposits in, 89; and the French army, 184; Urbino becomes part of, 285

  Parentucelli, Tommaso, Bishop of Bologna, later Pope Nicholas V., q.v., 87, 88

  Parigi, Alfonso, 271, 278, 317, 328

  Parigi, Giulio, 271, 317, 328

  Parma, 219, 222, 237, 238, 247

  Parma, Duke of, see Farnese, Ottavio

  Parmigianino, prop. Girolamo Francesco Maria Mazzola (1503–40), 300

  Pasquini, Bernardo (1637–1710), 300

  Passerini, Cardinal Silvio, 248

  Patch, Thomas, 325

  Patriarch of Constantinople, 65, 66, 110

  Pavia, Lazaro di, 173

  Pazzi bank, 129, 131

  Pazzi Conspiracy, the, 131–42, 158

  Pazzi family, their history, 131; after the Conspiracy, 141, 155; publicly disgraced, 142

  Pazzi, Andrea de’, 131

  Pazzi, Bianca, née Medici, Bianca di Piero de’, 102

  Pazzi, Francesco de’, and Pazzi Conspiracy, 131, 132, 135, 137; executed, 140

  Pazzi, Guglielmo, 102, 131, 138, 141

  Pazzi, Jacopo di Messer Andrea de’, 131–2, 134, 141

  Pazzi, Pazzo de’, 131

  Pazzi, Piero di Messer Andrea de’, 131

  Pazzi, Renato di Messer Andrea de’, 141, 158

  Penni, Gian-Francesco, 240

  Pepys, Samuel (1633–1703), on Cosimo III, 292

  Peri, Jacopo (1561–1633), 281, 300

  Peruzzi family, 58, 66, 315

  Peruzzi, Ridolfo, 55, 57

  Petraia, castle of, 280

  Petrarch, Francesco Petrarca (1304–74), 227

  Petrucci, Alfonso, Cardinal, 217, 232, 233, 234

  Petrucci, Borghese, 232

  Petrucci, Cesare, 138–9

  Philibert, Prince of Orange, see Orange, Prince of

  Philiberte of Savoy, Princess, Duchess of Nemours, 219, 223

  Philip V, King of Spain (1683–1746), 305

  Piacenza, 219, 222, 237, 238, 247

  Piccolomini, Aeneas Silvius, later Pope Pius II, q.v., on Cosimo di Giovanni, 63; on Parentucelli, later Nicholas V, 88

  Pico della Mirandola, Count Giovanni (1463–94), 164–5, 174, 181, 185

  Pierino da Vinci, 323

  Piero della Francesca (c. 1420–92), 332

  Pierozzi, Antonio, Archbishop of Florence, 74, 95

  Pietro da Cortona, 285

  Pietro Leopoldo, Grand Duke of Tuscany, 333

  Pisa, conquest of, 33, 34; Archbishop of, 130; Lorenzo di Piero and, 169–70; and France, 186, 187; Savonarola greets Charles VIII in, 188; Florence and, 197, 208; School of Botany at, 274; college for scholars at, 279

  Pisano, Andrea (c. 1270–1349), 70, 180, 316

  Pitti family, 123

  Pitti, Luca, his personality, 60; Gonfaloniere, 62; Accoppiatore, 63; and the Medici, 103–4, 105, 106, 123, 328; pardoned, 106; his palace, 271, 328

  Plague, in Ferrara, 66; and new doors for the Baptistery, 70; in the Imperial army, 247; in the French forces, 249; in Florence, 250, 283; in Tuscany, 293

  Plato, 68, 164

  Platonic Academy, 69, 332

  Plethon, Giorgios Gemistos (c. 1355–1450), 68

  Poliziano, Angelo, prop. Angelo Ambrogini, (1454–94), his history, 122; on Lorenzo the Magnificent, 122; and Lorenzo the Magnificent, 135, 137, 157, 164, 173–4; and the Pazzi Conspiracy, 137, 138; and the execution of Salviati, 140; tutor to children of Lorenzo the Magnificent, 145, 323; Clarice de’ Medici and, 145, 146; and Savonarola, 181; his papers, 332

  Pollaiuolo, Antonio, prop. Antonio di Jacobo Benci, (1429–98), 110, 165, 167, 320

  Pollaiuolo, Piero, prop. Piero di Jacobo Benci, (1443–96), 108–9, 168

  Pollaiuolo, Simone del, called il Cronaca (1457–1508), 323

  Pontormo, Jacopo Carrucci da (1494–1557), 274, 314, 322

  Popes,

  Adrian VI (r. 1522–3), 238–9, 240

  Alexander V (r. 1409–10), 34, 35

  Alexander VI (r. 1492–1503), 193, 194, 196–7, 205

  Benedict XIII, Antipope at Avignon, 1394–1417, 34

  Calixtus III (r. 1455–8), 86

  Clement VII, né Giulio di Giuliano de’ Medici, q.v. (r. 1523–34), election of, 239; a generous and discriminating patron, 240; his indecision, 240, 244; his foreign policy, 240–1, 242; urges defence of Rome, 243; and Cellini, 246–7; surrenders, 247; escapes, 247; and Henry VIII’s divorce, 247–8; his effigy torn to pieces, 248; and the surrender of Florence, 251; and Alessandro de’ Medici, 251, 254; and Caterina de’ Medici, 252; illness and death of, 252–3; the marriage of his daughter, 255; and the boy Cosimo I, 262; and the Medici Library, 316; Michelangelo and, 318, 327; Raphael and, 326; his tomb, 327

  Eugenius IV (r. 1431–47), succeeds Martin V, 51; and San Giorgio Maggiore, 54; and the Medici, 56; Rinaldo degli Albizzi and, 57; Cosimo Pater Patriae and, 58, 74; and Council of Florence, 64, 66, 67; and Council of Bâle, 64–5; his golden tiara, 70; and completion of the Cathedral dome, 73

  Gregory XII (r. 1406–15), 34, 35, 36

  Gregory XIII (r. 1572–85), 277

  Innocent VIII (r. 1484–92), succeeds Sixtus IV, 160; ‘a rabbit’, 161; and Lorenzo the Magnificent, 161, 182, 202–3; Savonarola and, 182; and Giovanni di Lorenzo, 203

  John XXIII né Baldassare Cossa, q.v. Antipope to Popes Benedict XIII and Gregory XII, (1410–15,) background and personality, 34; and King of Naples, 35; accusations against, 35–6; last years, 36; his will, 36; Cosimo Pater Patriae and, 39; and Bracciolini, 45; his monument, 71, 75, 98, 316; Giovanni di Bicci and, 87

  Julius II (r. 1503–13), 217, 228; appearance and temperament, 207; his military exploits, 207–8; and Giovanni di Lorenzo, 208; dying, 216; and the Duke of Urbino, 223; and Michelangelo, 229; and Raphael, 229, 332; and the Laocoön, 325

  Leo III, 326

  Leo IV, 326

  Leo X, Pope, né Giovanni di Lorenzo de’ Medici, q.v. (r. 1513–21), election of, 217; his appearanc
e, 218; his enjoyment of the papacy, 218, 224; and the House of Medici, 219; his reception in Florence, 220–2, 314, 324; and the Duke of Urbino, 222, 223–4; and Francis I, 222–3; and his brother Giuliano, 223; his extravagance, 224, 227; Vettori on, 224; his dinners, 225–6; his amusements, 226–7, 230–2; his expenditure on Rome, 227–8; a generous patron of writers and scholars, 228; and Michelangelo, 229, 240, 327; makes enemies, 232–3; attempted assassination of, 233–4; creates a pro-Medici Sacred College, 235; and Charles V, 237; and Luther, 237; godfather to Cosimo I, 261; his coat of arms, 315; and the Medici Library, 316; Raphael and, 325, 326

  Martin V (r. 1417–31), 36, 37, 56, 70, 314

  Nicholas V, né Tommaso Parentucelli, q.v. (r. 1447–55), 87

  Paul II (r. 1464–71), 103, 125, 129

  Paul III (r. 1534–49), 264

  Pius IV, né Enea Silvio Piccolomini, q.v. (r. 1458–64), on Florentines, 38; on Cosimo Pater Patriae, 38, 63; on Francesco Sforza, 81; and the Medici bank, 88; and Cosimo Pater Patriae, 88

  Pius III (r. and d. 1503), 207

  Pius IV (r. 1559–65), 331

  Pius V (r. 1566–72), 266, 267

  Sixtus IV, Pope, né Francesco della Rovere (r. 1471–84), 125; his appearance, 128; nepotism, 128–9; and Lorenzo the Magnificent, 129, 130, 159; and the Pazzi Conspiracy, 132, 133, 155; and Florence, 148, 159; Tuscan bishops excommunicate, 150; and Naples, 154, 159; and the Florentine deputation, 160; death of, 160

  Sixtus V, Pope (r. 1585–90), 277

  Portinari family, 43

  Portinari, Folco, 316

  Prato, 32, 124, 125, 213–14

  Printing, 44, 46, 169

  Processions, Martin V leaves Florence, 36; to celebrate completion of the Baptistery bronze doors, 71; to celebrate completion of the Cathedral dome, 73; escort of Princess Eleonora of Naples, 121; Charles VIII enters Florence, 189–90; Leo X enters Florence, 221; Francis I and, 222; Christine of Lorraine enters Florence, 280

  Propaganda Fide, 279

  Ptolemy, prop. Claudius Ptolemaeus, 280

  Pucci, Giovanni, 52

  Pucci, Lorenzo, 232

  Pucci, Puccio, 52, 61, 62

  Pulci, Luigi (1432–84), 116, 164, 323

  Quercia, Jacopo della (ç. 1367–1438), 70

  Quintilian, prop. Marcus Fabius Quintilianus, 45

  Rangone, Bianca, 209, 235

  Rangone, Ercole, Cardinal, 235

  Raphael, prop. Raffaello Sanzio (1483–1520), Leo X and, 229, 325; Clement VII and, 240, 326; Madonna del Baldacchino, 300–1; his portrait of Julius II, 332

  Relics, holy, finger of St John the Baptist, 36; belonging to the Cathedral, 120; Volto Santo, 305; Cosimo III’s sacred collection, 305

  Renaissance, Council of Florence and, 68; versatility of artists of, 70; Brunelleschi’s church of San Lorenzo, 72

  René I, Duke of Anjou (1409–80), 85

  Renzo da Ceri, 243

  Riario, Girolamo, and Sixtus IV, 128; at Imola, 129; and the Pazzi Conspiracy, 131, 132, 133; Lorenzo the Magnificent and, 134, 156; seeks vengenace on Florence, 148; buys Forlì, 159; his ambitions, 160

  Riario, Piero, Archbishop of Florence, 128, 130

  Riario, Raffaele, Cardinal, and the Pazzi Conspiracy, 134–5, 148; Lorenzo the Magnificent and, 135, 140–1; at Palazzo Medici, 136–7; and assassination of Giuliano di Piero, 138; his pallor, 141; his dinner party, 224; and Leo X, 232, 233, 234; his palace confiscated, 239

  Riccardi family, 76, 318

  Ricci, House of, 35

  Ricci, Sebastiano, 300

  Ridolfi family, 321

  Ridolfi, Antonio, 137, 138

  Ridolfi, Contessina, née Medici, Contessina di Lorenzo de’, 115, 221

  Ridolfi, Lorenzo, 247

  Ridolfi, Niccolò, Cardinal, 235, 248

  Ridolfi, Piero, 220, 221

  Rinuccini, Alamanno, 122, 157

  Riots, Ciompi, 25–6, 31; in Volterra, 125–7; after the Pazzi Conspiracy, 140; after cancellation of ordeal by fire, 199

  Robbia, Andrea della (1435–1525), 317

  Robbia, Luca della (c. 1400–82), 108, 138, 320, 321

  Robert, King of Naples, 39

  Roman Catholic Church, and Council of Florence, 64; and Greek Orthodox Church, 65, 67

  Rome, Medici offices in, 34, 35, 36, 87, 114, 158; Cosimo Pater Patriae in, 39–40; Eugenius IV driven from, 56; artists in, 70, 72, 90, 167; Lorenzo the Magnificent in, 103, 125; Lorenzo the Magnificent’s proxy wedding in, 116; anti-Medici conspirators in, 131; and the Pazzi Conspiracy failure, 148; printing presses in, 169; falls to Charles VIII, 193; Lorenzo the Magnificent on, 204; crime and corruption in, 205; Giovanni di Lorenzo in, 205, 206; conclave in, 216–17; celebrations for the election of Leo X, 218; under Leo X, 228; Charles V’s forces advance on, 241–3; sack of, 244–5

  Belvedere, 226

  Castel Sant’ Angelo, 241; executions at, 205, 234; Clement VII takes refuge in, 241, 244; fugitives in, 244–5; the attack on, 246–7; Queen Christina at, 330

  Monte Testaccio, 227

  Piazza del Popolo, 228

  Santa Maria in Domnica, church of, 228

  St Peter’s Basilica, Florentine deputation in, 160; under reconstruction, 216, 228; corpse of Clement VII desecrated in, 253; threatened destruction by fire, 326

  St John in Lateran, church of, 88, 305, 327

  Via Ripetta, 228

  Romualdo, St, 321

  Rondinelli, Fra Giuliano, 198

  Rosa, Salvator (1615–73), 286

  Rossellino, Bernardo, 313

  Rossi, Leopetto, 102

  Rossi, Luigi, 235

  Rossi, Maria, née Medici, Maria di Piero de’, 102

  Rossi, Roberto de’, 37

  Rosso, Giovanni, 274

  Rovere, Francesco della, see Pope Sixtus IV

  Rovere, Francesco Maria della, see Urbino, Francesco Maria I and II, Dukes of

  Rovere, Giovanni della, 129

  Rovere, Giuliano della, Cardinal, later Pope Julius II, q.v., 161

  Rovere, Leonardo della, 130

  Rovere, Vittoria della, see Medici, Vittoria de’

  Rubens, Peter Paul (1577–1640), 332

  Rucellai family, 314

  Rucellai, Bernardo (1449–1514), 102

  Rucellai, Giovanni, 29, 227, 313

  Rucellai, Lucrezia, née Lucrezia di Piero de’ Medici, 102

  Rucellai, Palla, 257

  Ruggieri, Giuseppe, 319, 328

  Ruspanti, 308

  St Stephen, Prato, church of, 93

  Salutati, Antonio di Messer Francesco, 87

  Salviati, Averardo, 141

  Salviati, Francesco, Archbishop of Pisa, waits in Rome, 130; and the Pazzi Conspiracy, 131, 132, 133, 136, 137, 138–9; executed, 140

  Salviati, Giacomo, 261

  Salviati, Giovanni, Cardinal, 235

  Salviati, Jacopo, 220, 247, 262

  Salviati, Lucrezia, née Medici, Lucrezia di Lorenzo de’, 115

  Salviati, Maria, see Medici, Maria de’

  San Domenico Fiesole, convent of, 73, 94, 317

  San Leo, fortess of, 236

  Sanseverino, Federigo, Cardinal, 209, 231

  Sansovino, Jacopo, prop. Jacopo Tatti (1486–1570), 220, 221, 325

  Santa Croce, Antonio, 246

  Santo Spirito, Jerusalem, church of, 74

  Sarto, Andrea del, prop. Andrea Vannucchi (1486–1531), 172, 220, 221, 300, 322

  Sassetti, Francesco, 158, 323

  Sauli, Cardinal, 233, 234

  Savonarola, Girolamo (1452–98), 178–82, 216; his effect on Florentine morale, 185; and Charles VIII, 188; his power in Florence, 191; differing attitudes to, 192–3; and the Holy League, 196; and Alexander VI, 196–7; and the proposed ordeal by fire, 198, 199; tortured, hanged and burned, 200; Machiavelli’s contempt for, 210; his cell at San Marco, 317

  Scarlatti, Alessandro (1659–1725), 300

  Schinner, Matthew, Cardinal, 220

  Scoroncolo, assassin of Alessandro de’ Medici, 256

 
Sforza, Ascanio, Cardinal, 203, 205

  Sforza, Bianca, née Visconti, 80, 81

  Sforza, Caterina, 128

  Sforza, Francesco, Duke of Milan (1401–66), and war between Florence and Lucca, 42; his birth, 80; personality and appearance, 81; Pius II on, 81; marriage, 81; and Cosimo Pater Patriae, 82; Duke of Milan, 82, 85; and Florence’s foreign policy, 83; and France, 84; and the Medici bank in Milan, 87, 158; death of, 105

  Sforza, Francesco Maria, Duke of Milan (d. 1535), 240

  Sforza, Galeazzo Maria, Duke of Milan (1444–76), his instability, 105; his cruelty and extravagance, 123–4; and Lorenzo the Magnificent, 124; his daughter’s marriage, 128; assassinated, 130

  Sforza, Giacomo Attendolo (1369–1424), 80–1

  Sforza, Gian Galeazzo, Duke of Milan (1469–94), 130, 151, 181, 183, 184

  Sforza, Ippolita, see Calabria, Duchess of

  Sforza, Isabella, Duchess of Milan, 183, 184

  Sforza, Lodovico, Duke of Milan, called il Moro (1451–1508), appearance, 151; character, 151–2; in power, 152; Lorenzo the Magnificent and, 168, 173; and Charles VIII, 183, 184; proclaims himself Duke, 184; joins the Holy League, 194

  Sieges, Lucca (1429–30), 42–3; Rome (1527), 244–6; Florence (1529–30), 249–51; Volterra (1472), 126

  Sigismund, Holy Roman Emperor (1368–1437), 34

  Silvester, Guido, 231

  Silvestri, Bartolommeo, 332

  Silvestro, Fra, 200

  Slaves, 23–4, 33, 39–40, 95, 266

  Soderini, Francesco, Cardinal, 217, 232, 233, 234, 238

  Soderini, Niccolò, 104–5, 106, 123

  Soderini, Paolo Antonio, 155

  Soderini, Piero, 210–11, 212–13, 214, 215

  Soderini, Tommaso, 110, 123, 152

  Spain, and Julius II’s Holy League, 208; and battle of Ravenna, 208; Spanish forces advance on Florence, 211–12; and sack Prato, 213; Leo X and, 219