D'Aulaires Book of Greek Myths
Page 13
A Gorgon sister. See the final illustration on page 119.
The Greek gods’ family tree, seen at the beginning of this book.
Zeus. The composition of this sketch is very close to the final image on page 19.
Heracles wearing the skin of the Nemean lion. A similar image, without the bow and arrow, is on page 134.
Page of Hermes sketches
Two cows. These sketches were studies for the wooden cow on page 148, in which Queen Pasiphaë hides.
Acetate sketch of the Calydonian Boar Hunt. Many of the details in the final image on page 176 are similar, though there were still some significant alterations after this stage.
D’AULAIRE FAMILY ALBUM
Ingri on a fishing boat in Norway, 1920s
Edgar and Ingri in traditional Norwegian dress, 1920s
Edgar in the d’Aulaires’ New York City apartment, early 1930s
Ingri in New York City, early 1930s
Ingri, Per Ola, and Edgar, New York City, 1939
Edgar and Ingri painting the lithographic stones for Animals Everywhere, which was published in 1940
Edgar with falcons he reared from nestlings, at the family fishing camp, Børsjøen, Norway, circa 1954
Edgar acting like Charlie Chaplin, Norway, 1967
INDEX
ACHELOUS, largest of three thousand river-gods, 145
ACHILLES, greatest warrior of Greece, 106, 180, 184
ACRISIUS, father of Danaë, King of Argos, 115, 122
ACTAEON, changed into a stag by Artemis, 44
ADMETUS, the king who let his wife Alcestis die in his stead, 143–45
AEËTES, King of Colchis, father of Medea, 166, 168, 170
AEGEUS, King of Athens, father of Theseus, 107, 149–50, 153
AEGINA, nymph changed into an island by Zeus, 106, 126
AEGIS, armor of Zeus and Athena, 16
AEGYPTUS, brother of Danaüs, 107, 114–15
AENEAS, survivor of Troy, whose descendants founded Rome, 107, 180, 184, 186
AEOLUS, keeper of the winds, 78
AESCULAPIUS, Roman name for Asclepius
AESON, father of Jason, 106, 162
AETNA, volcano in Sicily, 18
AETHRA, mother of Theseus, 107, 149
AGAMEMNON, King of Mycenae, led the Greeks against Troy, 106, 182
AGENOR, father of Europa and Cadmus, 107, 108
ALCESTIS, died for her husband King Admetus, 106, 143–45
ALCMENA, mother of Heracles, 107, 132
AMALTHEIA, fairy goat, Zeus’s nurse, 16
AMAZONS, tribe of warlike women, 136–37
AMOR, Roman name for Eros
AMPHITRION, mortal father of Heracles, 107
AMPHITRITE, Poseidon’s queen, 38
ANCHISES, a mortal husband of Aphrodite, 106, 180
ANDROMEDA, princess of Ethiopia, bride of Perseus, 107, 118, 120, 122, 132
ANTAEUS, giant wrestler defeated by Heracles, 140, 146
ANTIGONE, daughter of Oedipus, 161
APHRODITE, goddess of love, 2, 22, 28, 30, 32, 74, 123, 168, 179–80, 183–84, 186
APOLLO, god of light, music and reason, 2, 22–23, 40–41, 42, 43, 46–47, 49ff., 53, 84, 94–95, 97ff., 123–25, 143, 183ff., 187
ARACHNE, girl changed into a spider by Athena, 36
ARCADIA, home of Pan, 27
ARES, god of war, 2, 22, 30, 32, 47, 112–13, 184, 186
Argo, ship of Jason, 164, 166, 168, 170, 173ff.
ARGONAUTS, heroes who sailed in quest of the Golden Fleece, 164–66, 170, 173, 175ff., 179
ARGOS, city-state of Peloponnesus, 8, 115, 122, 161
ARGUS, Hera’s hundred-eyed watchman, 24, 26–27, 54
ARIADNE, daughter of King Minos of Crete, 107, 150, 152–53, 156
ARTEMIS, goddess of the hunt, 2, 22–23, 40–41, 44, 46–49, 135, 176, 178, 187
ASCLEPIUS, worshiped as the god of medicine, son of Apollo, 97–99
ASOPUS, river-god, father of Aegina, 126
ATALANTA, won fame for swiftness, 106, 177–79
ATHENA, goddess of wisdom, victory and handicrafts, 2, 22, 32, 34, 36–37, 74, 110, 117, 120, 123, 129, 140, 164, 179–80, 184, 187
ATHENS, city-state in Attica, 8, 37, 149–50, 156ff., 161
ATLAS, a Titan’s son who carried the vault of the sky on his shoulders, 2, 17, 139–40
ATROPOS, one of the three Fates, 70
AUGEAS, King in Elis whose stables were cleaned by Heracles, 135, 139
AURORA, Roman name for Eos
BACCHUS, Roman name for Dionysus, 187
BELLEROPHON, tamed the flying horse Pegasus, 106, 128–30
BOREAS, the North Wind, 79
BOSPORUS, strait separating Europe from Asia, 27
CADMUS, founder of Thebes, brother of Europa, 107, 110, 166, 168
CAIRN, mound of stones in which Hermes is embodied, 54
CALAÏS, son of the North Wind, 164, 166
CALLIOPE, Muse of eloquence, mother of Orpheus, 101
CALYDONIAN BOAR, monster slain by Meleager, 176–77, 179
CASSIOPEIA, Queen of Ethiopia, mother of Andromeda, 118, 120, 122
CASTOR, mortal twin brother of Pollux, 106, 182
CENTAUR, half horse and half man, 96–97, 156
CEPHEUS, King of Ethiopia, father of Andromeda, 107, 118, 120, 122
CERBERUS, three-headed watchdog of the underworld, 18, 56, 102, 140, 142, 144, 157
CERES, Roman name for Demeter, 186
CHARON, ferried dead souls across the river Styx, 56
CHARYBDIS, monster who swallowed ships, 173
CHIMERA, three-headed fire-breathing monster, 18, 129
CHIOS, island in the Aegean Sea, 8, 48
CHIRON, wise centaur, teacher of great heroes, 97–99, 162, 180
CIRCE, great sorceress, daughter of Helios, 170, 172
CLIO, Muse of history, 101
CLOTHO, one of the three Fates, 70
CLYTEMNESTRA, wife of Agamemnon, 106, 182
CNOSSUS, fabulous palace in Crete, 148, 150
COLCHIS, land on the Black Sea where the Golden Fleece hung, 163, 165–66
CORINTH, city-state founded by Sisyphus, 8, 126, 129, 158, 160, 174–75
CRETE, island where Zeus was raised as a new-born god, 8, 15, 49, 108, 110, 138, 148–50, 153, 156
CRONUS, Titan, second lord of the universe, 2, 12, 14–17, 34, 38, 97, 186
CUPID, Roman name for Eros
CYCLOPES, one-eyed smiths who forged the thunderbolts, 12, 17, 20, 28, 48, 99
CYLLENE, mountain, birthplace of Hermes, 50, 52
CYTHERA, island where Aphrodite was wafted ashore, 30
DAEDALUS, Athenian architect of great skill, builder of the palace of Cnossus, 148–50, 153–54
DANAË, mother of Perseus, 107, 115–16, 120, 122
DANAÏDES, the fifty daughters of King Danaüs, 114–15
DANAÜS, King of Argos, 107, 114–15, 132
DEIANIRA, Calydonian princess, wife of Heracles, 106, 145–46
DELOS, island, birthplace of Apollo and Artemis, 8, 40–41
DELPHI, where the oracle of Mother Earth was, 42, 110, 132, 158, 161, 175
DEMETER, goddess of the harvest, 2, 17, 22, 58, 60, 62, 186
DEUCALION, son of Prometheus, ancestor of the Greek race, 74, 76–78, 106
DIANA, Roman name for Artemis, 187
DIOMEDES, King of Thrace, 138
DIONYSUS, god of wine, 2, 22–23, 64, 66, 68–69, 107, 124, 152–53, 187
ECHIDNA, monstrous mate of Typhon, 17–18, 24, 132–33
ECHO, nymph who fell in love with Narcissus, 92
ELEUSIS, place where Persephone was kidnaped by Hades, 8
ELIS, kingdom in Peloponnesus, 112–13
ELYSIAN FIELDS, happy land of dead heroes, 60
ENDYMION, shepherd loved by Selene, 86
EOS, the dawn, sister of the sun, 2, 80–81, 86
EPHIALTES, giant, son of Poseidon, 46–48
EPIMETHEUS, brother of Prometheus, 2, 17, 70–71, 74
ERATO, Muse of lyrics, 100
ERINYES, avenging spirits, the Furies, 60, 102, 158, 161
ERIS, spirit of discord, 32, 179
EROS, god of love, 30, 168, 183
ERYMANTHIAN BOAR, monster caught by Heracles, 135
ETEOCLES, son of Oedipus, 161
EURIDICE, wife of Orpheus, 102, 104
EUROPA, first Queen of Crete, 107ff., 110, 148
EURUS, the East Wind, 79
EURYSTHEUS, King of Mycenae, cousin of Heracles, 107, 132, 134–36, 138ff.
EUTERPE, Muse of music, 100
FATES, three old goddesses who determined the life span of man, 70, 99, 127, 143, 146, 177
FURIES, see Erinyes
GAEA, Mother Earth, 10, 12
GANYMEDE, cupbearer of the gods, 69, 106, 180
GERYON, monster with three bodies, 138
GIANTS, snake-legged sons of Mother Earth, 146
GOLDEN FLEECE, coat of the flying ram, hung in Colchis, 162, 163, 166ff., 175
GORGONS, three frightful sisters, 116–18
GRACES, the three goddesses of beauty, 30
GRAY SISTERS, the three sisters of the Gorgons, 117–18
HADES, god of the dead, 2, 17, 23, 54, 56, 58, 60, 62, 66, 69, 99, 102, 126–27, 140, 142, 144ff., 157, 182
HARMONIA, wife of Cadmus, 110, 160–61
HARPIES, birds with women’s heads, 165–66, 172
HEBE, goddess of youth, daughter of Hera, 146
HECATE, witch goddess, 168
HELEN, daughter of Leda and Zeus, most beautiful woman in the world, 106, 180, 182ff.
HELIADES, daughters of Helios, 82
HELIOS, god of the sun, 2, 82, 84, 86, 138, 140, 148, 166, 172
HEPHAESTUS, god of fire, smiths and forges, 2, 22, 28, 30, 32, 34, 48, 74, 84, 108, 186
HERA, goddess of marriage, Queen of Olympus, 2, 17, 22, 24, 26ff., 38, 40–41, 47, 50, 54, 64, 66, 68, 92, 96, 123, 132, 134, 136, 138ff., 142, 146, 162ff., 166, 168, 170, 173, 175, 179–80, 184, 186
HERACLES, strongest man who ever lived, son of Zeus, 107, 132, 134–40, 142–46, 148–49, 157, 164–65, 184
HERCULES, Roman name for Heracles
HERMES, god of many trades, herald of the gods, 2, 22, 26, 50, 52–54, 56, 62, 66, 74, 90, 92, 102, 104, 117–18, 127, 180, 187
HESPERIDES, Hera’s sacred garden, 24, 139–40
HESTIA, goddess of the hearth, 2, 17, 23, 68, 186
HIPPODAMIA, princess of Elis, wife of Pelops, 112–13
HIPPOLYTA, Queen of the Amazons, 136–37
HYDRA, nine-headed monster, 18, 134, 139, 146
HYGEIA, daughter of Asclepius, 99
HYLAS, young friend of Heracles, 164–65
HYPERION, Titan father of Helios, Selene and Eos, 2
HYPERNMESTRA, daughter of King Danaüs, 107, 115
ICARUS, son of Daedalus, 153–54
IDA, mountain in Crete where Zeus spent his childhood, 8, 180
ILITHYIA, goddess of childbirth, 40ff.
INACHOS, river-god, father of Io, 26, 27
IO, bride of Zeus, changed into a cow, 24, 26–27, 108
IOLCOS, city-state in Thessaly, 8, 162–63, 174
IRIS, messenger of the gods, 20, 41
IXION, King of the Lapiths, father of the Centaurs, 96
JAPET, a Titan, father of Prometheus, Epimetheus and Atlas, 2
JASON, leader of the Argonauts, 106, 162–64, 166, 168, 170, 172, 174–76
JOCASTA, mother of Oedipus, 158, 160–61
JOVE, Roman name for Zeus
JUNO, Roman name for Hera, 186
JUPITER, Roman name for Zeus, 187
LACHESIS, one of the three Fates, 70
LADON, dragon, guardian of the garden of the Hesperides, 18, 95, 140
LAIUS, father of Oedipus, 107, 158, 160
LAPITHS, a people in Thessaly, 96–97, 156
LEDA, mother of Helen of Troy, Clytemnestra, Castor and Pollux, 106, 182
LEMNOS, Aegean island, 8, 28, 48
LERNA, swamp where the Hydra lived, 134
LESBOS, island where Orpheus was buried, 8, 104
LETHE, spring of forgetfulness in the underworld, 60
LETO, mother of Apollo and Artemis, 2, 40–42, 46
LIBYA, Greek name for the continent of Africa, 107, 114
LINUS, Heracles’ music teacher, 132
LYNCEUS, husband of Hypermnestra, 107, 115
MAENADS, wild companions of Dionysus, 66
MAIA, mother of Hermes, 50, 53
MARS, Roman name for Ares, 186
MARSYAS, satyr of Phrygia, 123>–25
MEDEA, sorceress, wife of Jason, 168, 170, 172, 174–75
MEDUSA, Gorgon slain by Perseus, 116–18, 123, 128
MELAMPUS, healer who understood the language of animals, 106, 130–31
MELANION, husband of Atalanta, 178–79
MELEAGER, killed the Calydonian Boar, 106, 176–77
MELPOMENE, Muse of tragedy, 100
MENELAUS, King of Sparta, husband of Helen of Troy, 106, 183–84
MERCURY, Roman name for Hermes, 187
METIS, goddess of prudence, 2, 16–17, 34
MIDAS, King of Phrygia, 123–25
MINERVA, Roman name for Athena, 187
MINOS, King of Crete, 107, 108, 148–50, 152–54, 156
MINOTAUR, half bull and half man, 149–50, 152
MNEMOSYNE, goddess of memory, mother of the Muses, 2, 100
MUSES, nine goddesses of the arts, 2, 99–101, 104, 106ff., 112, 114, 123ff., 128, 132, 148, 162, 189
MYCENAE, city-state in Peloponnesus, 8, 122, 132, 134ff, 142, 182
NARCISSUS, youth who fell in love with his image, 92
NAXOS, island in the Aegean Sea, 8, 47, 152
NEMEAN LION, monster slain by Heracles, 18, 132, 134
NEMESIS, spirit of retribution, 70
NEPTUNE, Roman name for Poseidon, 187
NEREIDS, the fifty daughters of Nereus, goddesses of the sea, 38, 108, 118, 173
NEREUS, the first lord of the sea, 38, 139, 183
NESSUS, centaur who caused the death of Heracles, 145–46
NIKE, spirit of victory, companion of Zeus and Athena, 36
NIOBE, vain queen whose children were slain by Apollo and Artemis, 46, 107
NOTUS, the South Wind, 79
NYMPHS, female spirits of nature, 16, 20, 24, 90ff., 117ff.
NYSA, valley where Dionysus was raised, 66
OCEANUS, a Titan, 2
ODYSSEUS, Greek prince, 107, 182–83
OEDIPUS, King of Thebes who unknowingly killed his father and married his mother, 107, 158, 160–61
OENOMAÜS, son of Ares, King of Elis, 112–13
OLYMPIC GAMES, 113
OLYMPUS, highest mountain in Greece, home of the gods, 8ff., 20, 23–24, 26, 28, 30, 32, 46, 52–53, 58, 68ff., 72, 78, 90, 92, 99, 101, 108, 112, 123, 129, 146, 168, 179ff., 182
OMPHALE, Queen of Lydia, 142
ORION, giant hunter, companion of Artemis, 48–49
ORPHEUS, greatest mortal musician, 101–2, 104, 164, 166, 173
OTUS, giant, brother of Ephialtes, 46–48
PAN, god of nature, 89–92; 94
PANDORA, first beautiful mortal woman, 72, 74, 77
PARIS, prince of Troy, 106, 180, 183–84
PARNASSUS, mountain sacred to the Muses, 8, 42, 101
PASIPHAË, wife of King Minos, mother of the Minotaur, 148–49
PEGASUS, winged horse that sprang from Medusa’s severed neck, 118, 128–29
PELEUS, husband to Thetis, father of Achilles, 106, 179–80
PELIAS, Jason’s evil uncle who sent him to fetch the Golden Fleece, 106, 162–63, 174
PELION, mountain home of the centaur Chiron, 97
PELOPONNESUS, southern part of Greece named for Pelops, 8
PELOPS, son of Tantalus, 107, 112–13
PENELOPE, wife of Odysseus, 107, 183
PE
RSEPHONE, daughter of Demeter, Hades’ queen, 2, 22, 56, 58, 60, 62, 102, 157, 186
PERSEUS, son of Zeus and Danaë, slayer of the Gorgon Medusa, 107, 115–18, 120, 122ff., 132
PHAEDRA, sister of Ariadne, wife of Theseus, 107, 156
PHAËTHON, son of Helios, 82, 84
PHILOCTETES, friend of Heracles who inherited his poisoned arrows and killed Paris, 146, 184
PHRIXUS, saved by the golden ram, 106, 163
PHRYGIA, land in Asia Minor, 123–25
PIRITHOUS, hero, King of the Lapiths, 156–57
PLUTO, Roman name for Hades
POLLUX, immortal twin brother of Castor, 106, 182
POLYHYMNIA, Muse of sacred hymns, 101
POLYNICES, son of Oedipus, 161
PONTUS, the Seas, second husband of Mother Earth, 12, 38
POSEIDON, lord of the sea, 2, 17, 22, 36ff., 40, 46, 48, 78, 112, 115, 118, 148–49, 164, 173, 183, 187
PROETUS, King of Tiryns whose three daughters thought they were cows, 131
PROMETHEUS, creator of man, son of the Titan Japet, 2, 17, 70–72, 74, 76, 100, 139
PROSERPINE, Roman name for Persephone, 186
PYRRHA, wife of Deucalion, 76–78, 106
PYTHON, dragon, son of Mother Earth, guardian of the oracle in Delphi, 42
RHADAMANTHUS, son of Zeus and Europa, judge of the underworld, 60, 107, 108
RHEA, Titaness, sister-wife of Cronus, mother of Zeus, 2, 14–15
SARPEDON, son of Zeus and Europa, 107, 108
SATURN, Roman name for Cronus, 186
SATYRS, goat-legged spirits of forests and hills, 90–91
SCYLLA, monster at the straits of Messina, 173
SELENE, goddess of the moon, 2, 86, 88
SEMELE, mother of Dionysus, 64, 66, 107
SIBYL, priestess of Mother Earth at Delphi, 42
SILENI, old satyrs, 91
SIRENS, singing maidens who lured sailors to their death, 172
SISYPHUS, King of Corinth, 106, 126–29
SPARTA, city-state in Peloponnesus, 8, 180, 183–84
SPHINX, offspring of Echidna, 18, 158, 160
STYMPHALIAN BIRDS, monstrous birds with feathers of brass, 135
STYX, river in the underworld, 56, 60, 64, 82, 127
SYRINX, nymph who turned into a reed, 92, 94