by John Keay
Bayan, general, 360
Baykal, Lake, 438
Beijing, 11, 13, 79, 231, 299, 304, 330, 334, 339, 357, 365, 372, 375, 379, 392, 408, 410–11, 418–20, 430, 447, 467, 476, 493–5, 507, 517, 533–4
Beijing Olympics, 518, 535
Bengal, 380
Bielenstein, Hans, 163, 167, 168
‘Big Eyes Li’, 185
Bingyi (Han Xuandi), see Han emperors
Bodhisattvas, 202, 212, 256, 424
Bohai, Gulf of, 13
Bohai kingdom, 304
Book burning, 95, 525
Book of Changes (Yijing, I-ching), 58–9, 129, 358, 431
Book of Documents (Shujing, Shangshu), 2, 3, 27–8, 54, 96, 129
Book of Rites (Liji), 129, 348
Book of Songs/Odes (Shijing), 59, 61, 69, 96, 129
Borneo, 380
Borodin, Mikhail, 506
Boxer Protocol (1901), 495, 496
Boxer Rebellion (1900), 492–5
Boyang, Lake, 372
Bozhou, Guizhou, 404
Britain, 463–7, 474–6, 479, 486, 491, 501–2, 508–9
Bronze casting and vessels, 34–6, 39, 59–60, 72–3
Buddhism, 5, 6, 22, 66, 69, 136, 174, 193, 197, 198–209, 212–3, 220, 222, 224–5, 240–5, 256, 269, 272, 285–6, 302, 307, 312–3, 315, 322–23, 422, 442–3
Chan (Zen), 273
Mahayana, 202
Theravada, 202
Bukhara, 265, 442
Bureaucracy, 49, 57, 145–8, 156–7, 177, 226–8, 319, 363–4, 394–5, 405, 414
Burma, 23, 137, 281, 366, 433, 435, 444, 446
Burma Road, 138, 514
C.
Cai Jing, Song minister, 320, 330, 333
Calendar, 48, 91, 130, 160, 216
Calicut, India, 380
Calligraphy, see Script and language
Cambodia, 386
Cambridge History of China, 7, 21, 34, 77, 183, 254, 257, 355, 393
Canals and irrigation, 1–2, 84–5, 99, 230–2, 271; see also Grand Canal
Canton, see Guangzhou
Cantonese language, 18
Cao Cao, Wei ruler, 186–92, 194–5, 196, 226, 525
Cao Pi, Wei emperor Wendi, see Wei emperors
Cao Zhi, poet, 195
Cathay, 98, 266, 332
Ceramics, 35, 98, 406, 411; see also Porcelain and Pottery
Cereals, 32, 38, 47, 83, 84, 92; see also Agriculture
Champa, Vietnam, 236, 366, 380, 386, 388
Chang, Song colonels, 359
Chang’an, Shaanxi, 122, 128, 140, 149, 154, 156, 162, 163, 164, 167, 185–6, 192, 194, 199, 206, 222, 224–5, 234, 242, 244, 270, 271–2, 279, 282, 289–90; see also Xi’an
Changsha, Hunan, 7, 26, 99, 124, 472, 504, 506
Ch’en Ch’i-yün, 160
Chen Dao, poet, 267
Chen Duxiu, CCP leader, 483, 505, 510
Chen dynasty, 221–2, 223–4, 251
Chen She, rebel leader, 112–3
Chen Tang, Han general, 153
Cheng, Zhou King, 54–6, 57, 58, 382
Chengdi, see Han emperors
Chengdu, Sichuan, 38, 81, 83, 168, 298
Chengpu, battle of (634BC), 64, 78
Chengtian, Liao empress, 305–6
Chengzu, see Ming emperors
Chi, Han Lady, 120, 255
Chiang Kai-shek, Generalissimo, 160, 373, 433, 500, 505–6, 508–16, 519
Chiang people, 52, 56
‘China’, etymology of, 98–9, 343
Chinese Communist Party (CCP), 483, 505 et seq, 521–2, 525–8, 532, 534
Chinggis Khan, Mongol leader (d.1227), 314, 337, 339, 351–4
Chonger, of Jin, 63–4
Chongqing, Sichuan, 81, 489, 513
Chongzhen emperor, see Ming emperors
Chosroes (Khosrau) II, 229
Chronology, 15–17, 45, 59, 174–5, 184, 294, 357, 377
Chu, Hubei/Anhui, 39, 61, 64, 72–3, 75, 78, 81, 85–6, 87, 112–4, 116, 185
Chuci (Songs of Chu), 72
Chumbi Pass, 243
Chunqiu, see ‘Spring and Autumn’ Annals
Civilisation and culture, continuities of, 3, 43, 66, 166, 294, 483
Cixi, Qing dowager empress (d.1908), 476, 480–1, 492–6
Climate, 47–8
Clinton, Bill (US president), 535
Clunas, Craig, 406
Co-hong Syndicate, 452, 458
Coinage and currency, 67, 84, 92–3, 137, 154, 161, 215, 258, 298, 402, 415
Coleridge, Samuel Taylor, 357
Collectives and Communes, 519, 521–2, 524–5, 526, 532
Columbus, Christopher, 380
Comintern, 497, 505, 510, 512,
Communist Manifesto, 497
Confucianism, 68–71, 75, 96, 121, 129, 151–3, 158, 160, 165–6, 197, 200, 220, 259, 296, 346–50, 369, 398, 483, 497, 508; see also Neo-Confucianism
Confucius (Kong Qiu), 4, 51, 57, 68–71, 75, 106, 129, 148, 157, 160, 161, 162, 246, 348, 518, 529
Conscription and corvée, 121, 146, 228, 318, 451
Corvée, see Conscription
Courbet, Admiral, 488
Coxinga, see Zheng Chenggong Creation myths, 25–8
Creel, H. G., 43
Crespigny, Rafe de, 170–1
Cultural Revolution (1966–76), 4, 97, 249, 286, 519, 527–30, 532, 534
Cunningham, Alexander, 241
Curzon, Lord, 491
D.
Daba hills, 81
Dadu, see Beijing
Dagu forts, Tianjin, 475, 476, 494
Dai, ethnic minority, 403
Dai, Lady, 124–5
Daizong, see Tang emperors
Dalai Lama, III, IV, V, XIII, XIV, 424, 442–4
Dali, Yunnan, 281, 355
Dalian, Liaoning, 491, 508
Danwei, 521
Dao’an, Buddhist monk, 208
Daodejing, see Laozi
Daoguang, see Qing emperors
Daoism, 68, 90, 129, 165, 193, 195–8, 200, 213, 220, 222, 256, 285–6
Datong, Shanxi, 133, 301, 330, 390, 408, 418
Daxiangcheng, see Chang’an Democracy Wall, 519, 533
Deng, Han dowager empress, 176, 178, 180
Deng Xiaoping, 517, 519, 526, 530–3
Dent, Lancelot, 460
Dezong, see Tang emperors
Dharmaraksha, Buddhist translator (d.307), 202–3
Di, ethnic minority, 30, 64, 66 100, 209
Di, Shang deity, 46, 53–4
Diamond Sutra, 296
Discourses on Salt and Iron, 151–3
Divination, 43–7, 55–6, 57, 58–9, 195–6
Djofar, 380
Dong Xian, Han officer, 154
Dong Zhuo, Gansu warlord (d.192), 174, 182–3, 184–6
Donglin Faction, 413
Dongting, Lake, 472
Dorgon, Prince and Manchu regent, 425, 426
Dou Fu, Tang poet (d.770), 268, 277
Dou Xian, Han regent (d. AD93), 176
Dou, Han dowager empress, 176
Dou, Han Regent (fl.c160), 176, 180–1
Dream of the Red Chamber, 482
Dreyer, Edward, 380, 385
Du You, Tang historian, 284
Dubs, Homer, 157, 159, 164
Dujiangyan, Sichuan, 84–5
Dunhuang, Gansu, 138, 172, 198, 202, 203–4, 228, 241, 242, 271, 290, 296, 309
Dunnell, Ruth, 312–3
Duzong, see Song emperors
Dynastic legitimacy, 15–17, 159, 300, 341
Dynasties, 17; see Han, Tang, Song etc.
E.
E, Henan, 61
East India Company, English, 435, 447, 452, 456–9
Eastern Turkestan Republic, 501
Elliot, Captain Charles, 460–1, 463
Ennin (Jikaku Daishi), 237, 279–80, 285–6
Erligang, Hebei, 35–6
Erlitou, Henan, 33, 34, 35–6
Esen, Oyirat khan, 390–1
&nbs
p; Eunuchs, 89, 109, 143, 179–83, 285, 388, 391–2, 414–5
‘Ever-Victorious Army’, 477–8, 484
Examination system, 129, 161–2, 227–8, 258, 316, 319, 321–2, 368, 374, 395–6, 481, 496
F.
Fairbank, J. K., 497, 511
Falun Gong, 535
Fan Zhongyang, Song reformer, 315–6
Fancheng, Hubei, 358
Fangshan, Hebei, 423
Fanyang, Hebei, 275
Faxian, Buddhist monk, 240
Fei River, battle of (383), 209–10
Feng, Northern Wei dowager empress, 213–4, 218
Feng Dao, ‘Five Dynasties’ minister, 296–8
Fengjie, Sichuan, 223
Ferghana, 136, 138, 140, 141, 262–3, 265, 272, 332
‘Feudalism’, 65, 67, 122, 284
Firearms, 402, 427–31, 441, 449; see also Weapons etc.
First Emperor, see Qin emperors
First World War, 503–4
Fisher, Carney, 397
Fitzgerald, C. P., 20, 255
Five Dynasties (907–960), 192, 211, 290–3, 294–5, 300–3, 305
Five Dynasties History, 292
Five Emperors, mythical rulers, 28, 107, 195, 517–8
‘Five Pecks’ movement, 196
Five Phases/Elements, 26, 90–2, 130, 161, 339, 405
Foot binding, 326–7, 472, 480–1, 496
Forbidden City, Beijing, 10–11, 419–20
Formosa, see Taiwan Fort Zeelandia, Taiwan, 435
Fotudeng, early Buddhist missionary, 207–8
Four Treasuries, 454, 469
France, 466, 475, 479, 487–8, 491
Franke, Herbert, 336, 355–6
Fu Hao (Lady Hao), 34–8, 41, 43, 46–7
Fu She Society, 413
Fubing militia, 220–1, 250, 259
Fujian (province), 11, 18, 73, 98, 289, 434
Fushun, Liaoning, 423
Fuzhou, Fujian, 11, 289, 384, 485, 488
Funerary rites, 37–8, 46, 104–5, 123, 146–7
G.
Gaixia, battle of (202BC), 117–8, 122
Galdan, Zunghar leader, 437, 439, 440, 443
Gama, Vasco da, 23, 380
Gamble, William, 484
Gandhara, 202
Gang of Four, 530–2
Gansu (province), 5, 12, 34, 100, 135, 138, 143, 172, 174, 184, 210, 220, 241, 267, 309, 313, 383, 437
Gao Huan, warlord (fl.c540), 218
Gaozhou, Gansu, 241
Gaozong, see Song, Tang etc emperors
Gaozu (Liu Bang), see Han emperors
Gengshi emperor, see Han emperors
Geography, 10–14
George III, 447–8
Georgia, 353
Germany, 490, 503–4
Giant Panda, 2
Giles, Herbert, 483
Gilgit, 172
Gobi desert, 12, 135, 230, 310
Gold Vase Plum, 406
Golden Horde, 355
Gong, Prince, Qing statesman, 476, 485, 487, 489
Gordon, Charles, 477
Grand Canal, 1–2, 230–2, 275, 284, 324, 365, 379, 412, 425, 466
Grand Historian, see Sima Qian
Great Game, 134, 141
Great Leap Forward (1958–62), 162, 519, 523–5
Great Proscription (AD171), 181, 182
Great Rites Controversy (1521–4), 394–401, 529
Great State of White and High, see Xi Xia
Great Wall, 1, 23, 78, 99–101, 131, 135, 230, 360, 389, 402, 408–9, 419–20, 429–30, 432
Great Yan dynasty, 277, 279
Green Gang, 506
Guan Yu, Three Kingdoms warrior, 189, 345
Guang Wudi (Liu Xiu), see Han emperors
Guangdong (province), 11, 18, 98, 125, 372, 403, 465, 467, 470, 498, 505, 519
Guangxi (province), 11, 98, 125, 372, 402–3, 405, 432, 453, 470, 479
Guangxu emperor, see Qing emperors
Guangzhou (Canton), 7, 125, 127, 289, 447, 451–2, 455, 456–7, 459–61, 463–5, 475, 513
Guilin, Guangxi, 405, 472
Guiping, Guangxi, 472
Guisso, Richard, 257
Guizhou (province), 11, 252, 288, 402–3, 436, 453, 511
Guomindang (Kuomintang), 503, 505–09
H.
Hailing, Prince, Jurchen Jin emperor, 336, 345
Hainan island, 11, 143
Hakka minority, 18, 469, 472
Halliday, Jon, 510
Hami, Xinjiang, 39, 173, 280, 383
Han, Former/Western, see Han Dynasty
Han, Later/Eastern, 159, 166–7, 174–5, 183, 190, 291, 300, 302; see also Han dynasty
Han, Warring State, 56
Han Dynasty, 16, 30–1, 86, 90, 112, 115, 119, 192, 217, 371; see also Han emperors
Han emperors
Aidi, 154, 157
Andi, 176–7, 180
Chengdi, 153–54, 157
Gaozu (Liu Bang), 113–21, 126, 132–3, 371–2, 525
Gengshi emperor, 163, 167
Guang Wudi (Liu Xiu), 167–9, 175, 199
Hedi, 176
Huandi, 180
Huidi, 120
Jingdi, 121–2, 134, 167, 190
Lingdi, 181–2
Mingdi, 175
Pingdi, 154, 157
Ruzi, 157–8
Shangdi, 176
Shaodi, 182–3, 184–5
Shundi, 180
Wendi, 121, 122, 134
Wudi, 103, 126–7, 128–30, 140, 148, 149–50, 156, 283
Xiandi, 185–8, 190, 195
Xuandi, 148, 150–1
Yuandi, 147, 148, 151, 153
Zhangdi, 175–6
Zhaodi, 148, 150
Han Fei, Qin legalist, 76–7, 95–6
Han people, 30–1, 169, 172, 212, 294, 307, 403, 471–2
Han River, 13, 81, 85, 115, 189, 284, 358
Han Tuozhou, Song general, 346
Han Yü, Tang reformer, 284, 285
Hangtu, 33, 39, 83, 101, 389
Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 31, 197, 230, 298, 323–4, 330, 339, 344, 346, 360, 406, 452, 477
Hankou, Hubei, 472, 498
Hanlin academy, 258, 273, 400
Hanoi, 487
Hanshu, 140–1, 147, 148, 150, 157, 159–64, 179
Han-Shu kingdom, 191–2
Hanuman, 245
Hanyang, Hubei, 498
Hanzhong, Shaanxi, 87, 196
Harbin, Heilongjiang, 333, 334, 514
Hardy, Grant, 109
Harsha-vardhana, 239, 241, 243
Hart, Robert, 485–6, 493, 495
Heaven’s Mandate, 53–5, 64–5, 70, 111, 145, 151, 158, 217, 246, 295, 307, 337, 358, 410, 420
Hebei (province), 11, 131, 220, 267, 282, 408
Hedi, see Han emperors
Hedong, Shanxi, 275
Heilongjiang (province), 13
Heilongjiang (river), see Amur River
Hemudu culture, 31
Henan (province), 11, 48, 166, 282
Herat, 383
Hexi, Gansu, 138
Himalayas, 14
Hiroshima, 514
Historiography, Bureau of, 4–5, 251
History and historiography, 3–5, 15, 20–2, 24, 29–30, 43, 54, 94–5, 106–10, 174–5, 191–2, 250–1, 292–4, 377–8, 411–2, 480
Ho Chi Minh, 387
Hohhot, Inner Mongolia, 408
Hokkien minority, 18
Hong Kong, 13, 463–5, 476, 491, 509, 513, 519, 533, 534
Hong Taiji (Abahai/Abatai), Jurchen/Manchu leader, 423–4, 430
Hong Xiuquan, Taiping ‘Heavenly King’, 469–73, 478
Hongwu emperor, see Ming emperors
Hormuz, 380
Horses, 42, 78, 141, 210–11, 220–1, 272, 318
Houhanshu, 199
Hu Shi, Nationalist reformer (d.1962), 483
Hu Yaobang (CCP general secretary), 533
Hua Guofeng (PRC president), 532
Huai River, 2, 13, 117, 163, 3
34
Huainanzi, 25
Huandi, see Han emperors
Huang Chao, Tang rebel, 289–90, 472
Huangyaguan, Hebei, 429
Hubei (province), 11, 35, 85, 92
Hué, Vietnam, 488
Huhai, Prince, see Qin Second Emperor
Hui (Chinese Muslims), 23, 368, 467, 478, 484–5
Hui, King of Chu, 73
Hui, King of Qin, 81–2
Huidi, see Han, Ming etc emperors
Huizong, see Song emperors
Hülegu, Mongol khan, 365
Hunan (province), 11, 99, 171, 473, 478
‘Hundred Days’ reforms (1898), 492, 496
‘Hundred Flowers’ movement (1957), 519, 523
Huns, 131–2, see Xiongnu
Hunza, 172, 442
Huo Guang, Han regent, 150–1, 195
I.
Ibn Battuta, 381
I-Ching, see Book of Changes
Ili region, 486
Imperial consorts, 178
India, 22, 27, 32, 82–3, 136, 137, 138, 140, 239, 241–2, 243, 273, 353, 456–7, 502, 526
Indonesia, 385
Inner Mongolia (Nei Monggol), 12, 93, 170, 304, 432, 501
Irkutsk, 438
Irrigation, see Canals
Islam, 273, 369; see also Hui, Arabs etc.
Issyk-kul, 263
J.
Jade, 37, 39, 41, 123–4, 151
Japan, 23, 103, 174, 236–7, 349, 367, 402, 416, 433, 435, 479, 487–90, 496, 500–1, 504, 508–9, 512–4
Java, 366, 380
Jaxartes River, see Syr Darya
Jehol, Hebei, 446–7, 476
Jia Sidao, Song minister, 360
Jiajing emperor, see Ming emperors
Jiang Jieshi, see Chiang Kai-shek
Jiang Qing (wife of Mao), 529, 530–2
Jiang Zemin (PRC president), 535
Jiangnan, 417, 425
Jiangsu (province), 11, 199, 467
Jiangxi (province), 2, 11, 341, 372, 510
Jiankang, 192, 202, 209, 221; see also Nanjing
Jianning, Fujian, 11
Jianwen emperor, see Ming emperors
Jiaozhi (Annam), 387
Jiaqing emperor, see Qing emperors
Jie dynasty (Later Zhao, AD319–49), 206–8
Jikaku Daishi, see Ennin
Jilin (province), 13
Jimi, ‘loose reign’ administration, 262–3, 442
Jin, Later, (Five Dynasties) (936–47), 291, 300, 301
Jin, Latter, (Manchu) (1616–36), 423
Jin, Warring State, 56, 63–4, 71, 86, 98
Jin (Jurchen) dynasty (1115–1234), 322, 334–40, 344–6, 353, 354, 421; see also Jurchen
Jin (Jurchen) emperors
Shizong, 336
Taizong, 331–2
Taizu (Aguda), 330, 331
Xizong, 336
Zhangzhong, 339
Jin (Sima) dynasty (265–420), 191, 192, 195
Jin (Sima) Eastern (317–420), 192, 197–8, 206, 209, 251
Jin (Sima) Western (265–317), 192, 203, 204–5
Jin Wen Gong, see Chonger