Hero: The Life and Legend of Lawrence of Arabia

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Hero: The Life and Legend of Lawrence of Arabia Page 85

by Michael Korda


  Hamed the Moor, 72–73, 74, 87

  Hamid Fakhri Bey (Fakhri Pasha):

  Arab strategies against, 41, 60, 63

  and Armenian genocide, 37

  Beni Ali village destroyed by, 37

  at Medina, 66–67, 70

  at Tafileh, 365, 367, 370

  Hamoudi, Sheikh, 193, 196, 197, 198, 211, 226–27, 228, 262

  Hamra:

  arrival in, 31–32

  departure from, 42

  Hardinge, Lord Charles, 272

  Hardy, Mrs. Thomas, 679

  Hardy, Thomas, 589, 590, 594, 597, 608, 617, 618, 626

  Harmsworth, Hon. Esmond, 673

  Hashemite family:

  contest for power, 506

  Lawrence’s ambitions for, 80, 524

  presence in Iraq and Jordan, 511, 517

  Hassan Chowish, 342

  Hassan Shah, 327

  Hedley, Walter Coote, 233, 251, 252

  Hejaz Operations StaÃ, 374, 375

  Hejaz region:

  Christians murdered in, 16–17

  desert blindness in, 312–13

  desert of, 23–24

  holiest Islam cities in, 10

  hostility toward Europeans in, 21, 24

  Hussein’s position in, 88, 299

  as independent Arab state, 292

  journeys to interior of, 18–21, 49

  military strategy in, 83, 379–80

  motor vehicles used in, 357–58, 359–60, 377, 396, 626

  railway in, 21, 24, 308

  supply route across, 12

  wells in, 21, 25, 43, 60, 71, 86, 92, 95

  Hemingway, Ernest, 73, 672

  A Farewell to Arms, 319, 353

  Henry II, king of England, 405

  Herbert, Aubrey:

  and Arab Bureau, 284

  and Intelligence Department, Cairo, 252, 253, 255

  at Kut Al-Amara, 5, 288–90

  peace negotiations with Turks, 398

  Herodotus, 594

  Hewlett, Maurice, 205, 206, 218

  Higham, David, 665

  Hindenberg, 646

  Hippocleides, 594–95n

  Hirtzel, Sir Arthur, 454–55, 485

  Hitler, Adolf, 675

  Hittites:

  ancient city at Carchemish, 184–85, 193, 196, 199, 204, 210, 214, 216, 224, 240

  facial features of, 196

  Tell Ahmar mound, 197

  HMS Agincourt, 248

  HMS Du¤erin, 109, 292, 299

  HMS Duke of Edinburgh, 223

  HMS Erin, 248

  HMS Euryalus, 44

  HMS Fox, 292

  HMS Gloucester, 457

  HMS Hampshire, 291

  HMS Hardinge, 301, 302

  HMS Humber, 311, 326

  HMS Orion, 463–64, 464

  HMS Suva, 43–44, 59

  Hoare, Sir Samuel, 572, 575, 602, 639, 640

  Ho Chi Minh, 29, 686

  Hodgson, W. G., 414

  Hogarth, David G., 181–83, 322, 506

  and Arab Bulletin, 283

  and Arab Bureau, 252, 273, 274, 284

  and Arab Revolt, 292

  and Ashmolean Museum, 141, 155, 182, 222

  in Beirut, 189–90

  and Carchemish site, 185–86, 191, 193, 195, 208, 209–10, 215, 222, 239, 240

  death of, 626, 662

  and Lawrence’s interest in archaeology, 141, 166, 183, 190, 201, 224

  and Lawrence’s mental anguish, 376–78, 400, 590, 591

  and Lawrence’s travels, 188–89, 335

  as mentor to Lawrence, 7, 155–56, 166, 177, 182, 183, 190, 195, 204, 210, 234, 250, 251, 355, 377–78, 484–85, 489, 513, 608

  and Palestine Exploration Fund, 234

  portrait of, 675

  and Seven Pillars, 496, 497, 593, 598

  and Thomas’s film, 387

  Holocaust, 400, 468, 531

  Holroyd, Sir Michael, 397, 570, 596

  House, Edward, 454n, 492

  Howard, G. Wren, 567

  Howard, Leslie, 668, 691

  Howeitat tribe:

  Auda Abu Tayi as leader of, 68–69, 81, 87, 99, 301, 330

  Bell’s information on, 242

  at Guweira, 312

  hostility toward Europeans by, 403

  military actions of, 99, 100, 311, 318

  on the move, 88–89, 90

  Hughes, Howard, 637

  Humphreys, Sir Francis, 634, 635

  Hurley, W. M. M., 629

  Hussein, Saddam, 532

  Hussein ibn Ali-el-Aun, sharif, 304

  and British funding, 285

  British negotiations with, 82, 525–27, 528

  and British promises, 14, 266, 399–400, 401, 452, 454, 455

  British support requested (and then refused) by, 27, 60

  claim relinquished to Palestine, 511

  and groundwork for Arab Revolt, 9, 10, 85, 259–61

  as king of the Hejaz, 299–300, 306, 366, 405, 432, 449, 452, 524, 525

  kingship sought by, 40, 41, 42n, 91, 277, 299, 430

  McMahon’s correspondence with, 267–70, 272, 281, 399, 452, 453, 525

  and military strategy, 284, 298, 299

  and outbreak of Arab Revolt, 291–92, 293

  and Paris Peace Conference, 452, 457

  rivalries of, 34, 40, 55, 88, 267, 269, 272, 299, 404–5, 453, 483–84, 505, 515, 524, 525, 526

  Saudi defeat of, 483–84

  as sharif of Mecca, 11, 19, 70, 88, 404

  sons of, 10, 15, 16, 18, 22, 32, 33, 40, 62, 70, 259, 298, 455, 483, 528

  supporters of, 85, 88, 483, 506

  and Syria, 40, 414

  wives of, 22

  Hutchinsons, publisher, 525

  Hyde, H. Montgomery, 590n

  ibn Saud:

  as emir of Rashids, 88

  full name of, 34n

  kingship of, 277n, 279

  and oil, 531

  rivalry between Hussein’s family and, 34, 40, 55, 88, 267, 269, 272, 299, 453, 483–84, 505, 515, 524, 525, 526, 625

  supporters of, 88, 267, 272, 405n, 453, 483, 484, 506

  Imperial Camel Brigade, 381, 395–96, 402, 403, 404, 408, 598

  Imperial Ottoman Museum, Constantinople, 185

  Imperial War Museum, 449

  India:

  ambitions in Middle East, 256–57, 261, 286

  Arab Revolt opposed in, 272

  as British colonial possession, 13, 48, 256, 259, 277n, 278, 630, 686

  dirigible test flight to, 647

  the “great game” in, 631–32

  ibn Saud supported by, 88, 267, 272, 453, 483, 506

  involvement in Arab Revolt, 11, 88

  Lawrence’s RAF period in, 618, 620–22, 623–24, 630, 634–35

  Muslim populations in, 11, 256

  Russian threats toward, 13

  safe air route to, 510

  “Indiana Jones,” 203n

  Indian army, Lawrence’s dislike of, 426–27, 428, 455

  Indian Army Expeditionary Force, 257

  Inman, H. T., 144

  Iraq:

  borders of, 517

  British ambitions in, 267, 507

  British troops in, 506, 507, 514

  creation of, 697, 698

  diverse populations in, 517

  Feisal as first king of, 277n, 405, 449, 455, 515, 516–18, 519, 523–24

  flag of, 272, 517

  Hashemite presence in, 511

  Lawrence’s recommendations for, 451, 455, 537, 625–26, 697

  local unrest in, 509, 517

  modern-day wars in, 30

  oil in, 510, 531

  RAF base in, 514–15

  successors to, 532

  Ireland:

  Chapman family in, 119–24, 502

  Easter Rising in, 654

  nationalists in, 654–55

  Protestant Ascendancy in, 119

  Irish Academy of Letters, 119

  Irish Free State, 576

  Ismail Pasha
, Khedive, 234, 343

  Israel:

  creation of, 39, 276, 399–400, 511, 686

  and Holocaust, 400

  and Jewish national home, 39, 520

  see also Zionism

  Jaafar Pasha:

  and Arab army, 68, 70, 299, 306, 357, 366, 404–5

  British decoration awarded to, 404

  as Feisal’s chief of staÃ, 299, 366

  and Maan, 390, 394

  at Tafileh, 368

  Jackson, Stonewall (Thomas), 60

  Jacobsen, J. P., 552

  Jane, L. Cecil, 151, 155, 162, 163, 177

  Jaussen, Père, 255

  Jefer, 92, 95, 403

  Jemadar Shah, 331

  Jemal Pasha, see Ahmed Jemal Pasha

  Jerablus:

  archaeological sites of, 184, 191, 206, 215

  licorice company in, 191

  Jericho:

  Allenby’s attack on, 375, 376

  as military goal, 357, 359, 374

  Jerusalem:

  Allenby’s conquest of, 351–53, 356, 361

  British control of, 460, 461

  and Crusades, 275

  holy city of, 10, 40, 270n, 307, 352

  as military goal, 83, 89, 105, 112, 297, 307, 351

  Thomas in, 354

  Jesus College, Oxford University:

  Lawrence’s entrance into, 151–52, 153

  Lawrence’s work at, 28, 162–65, 176–77, 178, 186, 202, 217

  Lawrence’s years at, 155–56, 173–74, 182, 185–86

  Jewish Chronicle, 463

  Jidda:

  British consulate in, 10

  journey to, 8, 9–13, 293

  Lawrence and Storrs in, 14–17, 615

  Wilson in, 11, 14, 49, 51, 60, 300

  John, Augustus, 397, 504, 508, 540, 671, 675, 679

  John Bull, 643

  Johns, W. E., 544–47

  Jonathan Cape, publishing house:

  and Doughty’s book, 557

  and Garnett, 555, 565, 567

  handsome books produced by, 567

  Lawrence’s translation work for, 594

  and Revolt in the Desert, 614, 622n, 602–3

  and Seven Pillars, 555, 565, 567, 571, 572–73, 574, 575, 602–3, 614

  Jones, R. V., 630

  Jordan:

  Abdulla as first king of, 14, 16, 80, 277n, 405, 444, 511, 515, 518, 519, 520, 523, 524, 528–29

  British control of, 477, 529, 697

  creation of, 520–21, 537, 697, 698

  flag of, 272

  Hashemite Kingdom of, 511, 519

  impoverishment of, 698

  Joyce, James, Ulysses, 630

  Joyce, Pierce Charles:

  at Aqaba, 298, 357–58

  and Hejaz Operations StaÃ, 374, 375

  Lawrence’s plans supported by, 299, 357–58, 408

  and military strategy, 381, 382, 390

  and Weizmann-Feisal meeting, 399

  Juheina tribe, 58

  Junner, Elizabeth, 124, 125–26

  Jurf el Derawish, railway line at, 364

  Kafr Ammar, archaeological site at, 202–3

  Karachi, RAF in, 621–22, 623–24

  Karam Shah, 634

  Kennington, Eric:

  Lawrence’s friendship with, 508, 589, 590, 671

  and Lawrence’s funeral, 679

  Leicester Gallery display organized by, 621

  memorial to Lawrence by, 683–84

  and Seven Pillars, 511, 513, 522, 555, 598, 621

  Kenyon, Sir Frederic, 234

  Kerak, as military goal, 359

  Kerensky, Aleksandr Fyodorovich, 305

  Keynes, John Maynard, 200

  Khalid (at Tafas), 423–24

  Khalil Pasha, 5, 287, 288–90

  Khartoum, Sudan, 11–12

  King, H. C., 484

  Kipling, Rudyard, 494

  Barrack Room Ballads, 535

  Kirkbride, British officer, 375

  Kissinger, Henry A., 515

  Kitchener, Herbert Horatio, 1st Earl Kitchener, 2

  and Carchemish site, 240

  death of, 291

  military career of, 7, 12

  and Palestine map survey, 63, 83, 232

  and plans for Arab Revolt, 10, 40, 256, 260–61

  protégés of, 251, 252, 271, 273, 285, 286

  strategic plans of, 83, 210, 240, 270

  and Turkish army at Kut, 5, 288

  and World War I, 244–46, 245, 262, 264, 265–66, 274

  Knightley, Phillip, 582n

  Korda, Sir Alexander, 590n, 668–69, 690n, 691–92

  Korda, Vincent, 668n, 669

  Korda, Zoltan, 668, 692

  Kress von Kressenstein, Friedrich Freiherr, 285, 333

  Kurdistan, 517

  Kut al-Amara:

  siege of, 5, 277, 287–90, 455

  Townshend’s surrender at, 288, 289–90, 295

  La Coupe d’Aviation Maritime Jacques Schneider (Schneider Trophy), 642–43, 647, 648–50

  Lake, Sir Percy, 289

  Langner, Lawrence, 596

  Laughton, Charles, 668, 694, 695

  Laurie, Janet, 131, 159–61, 227, 490–91, 503–4, 529, 658

  Law, Bonar, 447

  Lawrence, Arnold W. (brother), 542, 553n, 693

  archaeology career of, 666

  birth and childhood of, 128, 133, 134

  at Clouds Hill, 613

  and parents ‘relationship, 117, 666

  and religion, 133

  and Seven Pillars, 618

  and T.E.’s accident and death, 678, 680, 683

  T.E.’s letters to, 217

  as T.E.’s literary executor, 583, 683, 684

  and T.E.’s sexual preferences, 159, 583, 584

  Lawrence, D. H., 495, 555, 688

  Lawrence, Frank (brother), 190, 226

  childhood of, 127, 128, 133, 134

  in Gloucester Regiment, 243

  killed in war, 117, 264–65, 491, 503

  and religion, 133

  T.E.’s cycling trip with, 177

  Lawrence, Montagu Robert (brother), 137, 160

  birth and childhood of, 116–17, 126, 128, 131, 134

  in medical profession, 228, 243

  as missionary in China, 133, 612, 613, 618, 630, 666

  at Oxford, 151, 219

  and parents ‘relationship, 116–17, 666

  T.E.’s letters to, 150, 217

  Lawrence, Sarah (mother):

  background of, 124–26, 144

  as governess, 122–23

  as missionary in China, 133, 612, 613, 618, 630, 666

  and money matters, 503

  personality of, 124, 129, 131, 142, 160, 303, 563–64

  religious views of, 132–33, 138, 143, 228, 281, 389, 491, 538, 681

  sons of, 123, 124, 127, 128, 132, 133–36, 143, 188, 689

  and T.E.’s father, 116–17, 123–24, 126, 130, 133, 143, 389, 666

  and T.E.’s letters, 148–51, 163–64, 169, 170–71, 177–78, 188–89, 190–91, 209, 239, 264–65, 322, 491

  and T.E.’s notoriety, 640, 666

  T.E.’s relationship with, 124, 129, 130, 134, 142, 143, 145, 146–47, 151, 171, 183, 201, 226, 228, 477, 490–91, 584–85, 587

  Lawrence, T. E., 665

  aging of, 655–57, 658

  in Arab garb, 21–22, 54, 95, 107, 108, 109–10, 215–16, 222, 300–301, 323, 341, 356, 382, 426, 452, 463, 465, 481, 596, 610, 623, 671

  archaeology as interest of, 136, 141–42, 144, 163, 182, 183, 185–86, 191–95, 201, 204, 210, 214, 221, 224, 225, 240–41

  architecture as interest of, 149, 167, 177

  as author, see Lawrence, T. E., writings of

  biographers of, 118, 140n, 142, 145, 151, 159, 170, 174–75, 188, 302, 321, 385, 442, 500, 564, 582n, 611, 624–25, 662, 664–65, 683, 687–90, 694–96

  birth of, 118, 120, 127, 152

  castles as interest of, 27–28, 29, 137, 149, 152, 167, 186, 198, 202

  celeb
rity of, 443, 492, 540, 556, 635–40, 643, 648, 649, 651–52, 658, 659, 667, 673–74, 679, 683, 684, 686–87, 688

  childhood of (as “Ned”), 117, 127–31, 133–35, 137

  civilian dress of, 516, 523

  Clouds Hill cottage of, 581, 587, 594, 595, 666, 672, 673–74

  and corporal punishment, 583–89, 657

  danger as addictive to, 175–76

  death and funeral of, 8, 637, 676–81

  diet of, 415n

  diplomacy skills of, 404–5, 515–20, 524–30, 695, 696

  diverse interests of, 137, 144, 147–48

  emotions controlled by, 477, 522, 571, 610

  escape sought by, 478, 569, 571, 577, 626–27, 637, 659, 697, 698

  friendships of, 210–12, 508, 589–90, 597, 608–10, 644–46, 656, 670–71, 695, 696

  health problems of, 71, 72–74, 83–84, 170, 173, 198, 201, 202, 216, 217, 229, 289, 529

  height of, 140, 665

  hero status as goal of, 7, 61, 118–19, 139, 142, 144, 158, 163, 297, 377, 571, 573, 593, 610, 623, 686

  illegitimacy of, 118, 135, 138–39, 144, 170, 471, 535, 570, 666, 689

  injuries to, 139–40, 173–75, 218, 342–51, 601–2, 616

  Irishness claimed by, 666–67

  language facility of, 137, 147–48, 167, 178, 186, 187, 196, 197, 198–99, 234, 258

  and “Lawrence of Arabia” legend, 87, 95, 109, 113, 296, 297, 355–56, 388, 443, 479–82, 493–94, 496, 570, 623, 662, 684, 686, 695–97

  marriage proposed by, 159–61, 658

  memorials to, 683–84, 685

  mental anguish and depression of, 375–78, 379, 396, 400, 491–92, 528, 538, 565, 569, 574, 579–80, 590–91, 602

  military career of, see Lawrence, T. E., in British military

  miracle cures produced by, 196, 216, 219

  and money matters, 501–4, 513, 529–30, 538, 592, 602, 613–14, 628, 667

  and motorcycles, 559, 574, 581, 590, 595, 608, 609–10, 609, 612–13, 618, 640, 643–44, 659, 666, 676–77, 678

  names adopted by, 125, 126, 542, 577–78, 627n

  obituary of, 671

  as outsider, 6, 26, 95, 138, 147, 156, 251, 297, 389, 403, 404, 433, 492, 522–23, 536, 662, 673

  at Oxford, see Oxford University

  parents of, see Lawrence, Sarah; Lawrence, Thomas

  at Paris Peace Conference, 96, 137, 210, 439–40, 452–53, 457, 459, 462, 471–74, 476, 485, 698

  personal traits of, 6–7, 11, 25–26, 44, 69, 73, 79, 87, 93–94, 96, 107, 111, 131, 138, 145, 158, 182, 188, 201, 219–20, 227, 295, 302–3, 321, 409, 470–71, 480–81, 516, 560, 570, 571, 589–90, 608, 610, 645, 656, 659, 666–67, 695, 696

  as photographer, 61–62, 103, 144, 558–59

  portraits of, 397, 440, 441, 504, 671, 684, 685

  portrayals on stage or screen, 385, 495n, 690–94

  as prankster, 161–62, 208, 392, 471, 491

  a price on his head, 82, 91, 93, 96, 295, 332, 351, 358, 465, 481

 

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