Peace
Page 40
First World War, 1, 10, 129, 131–2, 181–2, 185–6, 188, 192–3
Five Emperors (Chinese), 64
Five Good Emperors (Roman), 54–5
Five Pillars of Islam, 96, 245
Flavian Dynasty, 54
Florence, 110, 122, 126
Fogarty, Brian, 5
food, 13–15, 17–19, 24, 35, 77, 136, 149, 220, 236–7, 247
foreigners, 25, 31, 40, 64, 81, 158–9
Foreign Enlistment Acts, 132
Forest Diplomacy, 10, 151
Fourier, Charles, 171–2
Fourteen Point Plan, 188
Fox, George, 117–18
France, 47, 52, 105–7, 112, 115, 120, 122–4, 126, 132–3, 135, 138, 148, 150, 155–7, 164, 168–9, 171, 179, 184, 188–9, 191–3, 210–1, 214–15, 243
Frankfurt School, 222
free trade, 136, 159, 164, 167–9, 188, 222
Freeze, the, 205
Friedman, Thomas, 220
French Revolution, 125, 170, 240
Fukuyama, Francis, 219, 221
Gandhi, 7, 62, 116, 141, 185–7, 202, 216–17
Garden of Eden, 87
Geneva Conventions, 128, 179
George, David Lloyd, 188
geo-social configurations, 24–5, 27, 100, 243
Germany, 3, 10, 16, 55, 77, 103–7, 114, 120, 129, 132–3, 136, 156–9, 168–9, 171–2, 178–80, 183, 185, 188–92, 198, 203, 205, 224
Gibbon, Edward, 104
Gifts, 38, 53, 64, 66, 73, 75, 104, 147
Global Peace Index, 224, 263
globalization, 11, 219–223, 227, 232, 242
global village, 231
Gods, 5, 9–10, 21, 26–7, 29–30, 32–3, 35–8, 50–1, 54, 58, 61, 63–6, 76–7, 82–7, 89–98, 103–5, 111, 117–18, 125, 141–2, 237, 242
Golden Ages, 36, 40, 42, 55, 67, 101
Golden Rule, 89
Goodall, Jane, 12
Gorbachev, Mikhail, 206–7
government, 3, 24, 27, 29, 39, 48–9, 70–1, 75–6, 101, 110, 122, 117, 119, 121–4, 134–7, 139–40, 151–3, 155, 159, 163–4, 166, 169–72, 174–5, 180, 182–7, 189–90, 192–4, 198–202, 205–6, 210–1, 215, 217, 219, 221–4, 228–9, 231–3, 246
Gradualists, 170, 172–3, 175, 186
Great Depression, 189
Grand Design, 126
Great Peace, Ancient China, 73–4, 242
Great Peace Rebellion, 158, 242
Great Law of Peace, 151
Greater East Asia Co-Prosperity Sphere, 193
Grebel, Conrad, 116 Greco-Persian Wars, 141
Greece Ancient, 9, 35–55, 62, 237 Modern, 198, 211
Green Party, 205 Greenpeace, 203, 241
Grotius, Hugo, 10, 128–9, 240
Group of 7 and Group of 77, 208
Habermas, Jurgen, 223
Hague Peace Conferences, 128, 178–9, 183
Hammarskjöld, Doug, 215
Hammurabi, 27–8, 62
Han Dynasty, 64, 67, 69, 72–3, 75
Han Fei, 69–70
harmony, 37, 43, 56–7, 63–4, 68–72, 74, 125, 149, 151, 158, 169, 171, 20, 209
Havel, Václav, 225
Hayashi Razan, 81
healthcare, 235–8
Heavenly Kingdom of Peace, 158
Hegel, Fredrick, 173
hegemony, 24, 41, 56
Hellenic League, 41
henotheism, 26–7, 33, 58, 83
Heraclitus, 43
Herodotus, 43
Hesiod, 36–7, 43, 241
Heian-kyo (Capital of Peace), 79
Hideyoshi, 80
Himiko, 75–6
Hinduism, 4, 57–60, 62, 74, 154, 186–7
hippies, 200
Hippocratic Oath, 43, 237
history, 1–11, 21, 24, 28, 29–30, 35, 44, 46, 48, 56, 60, 62, 64, 77, 83, 87, 88, 91, 97, 99, 103–4, 110, 114, 124, 137, 151, 158, 160, 173, 189, 201, 218–19, 227, 233–46
historians, 1, 6, 11, 21, 24, 31–2, 40–3, 48, 50, 54, 63, 66, 79, 81, 99, 101, 125–6, 131, 133, 135, 178, 189, 192, 200, 221
Hitler, Adolf, 184, 189, 192, 246
Hittite, 22, 34, 247
Hobbes, Thomas, 5–6, 16, 121–4
Holy Alliance, 155
Holy Roman Empire, 108, 110, 116, 119–20, 150
home-base social structure, 9, 18–22, 237
Homer, 36–7
Horae, 35–6, 237
Hugo, Victor, 135–6
humanity, 4–6, 9, 14, 16–18, 21, 36–8, 43, 52, 60, 64, 69, 87, 89, 91, 95, 110–1, 113, 115, 121–2, 127, 129, 137, 140–1, 181, 201–2, 219, 232–3, 235, 239, 245
human rights, 131, 135, 187, 211–12, 218, 222–4
Hundred Schools of Thought/Peace, 67, 72
hunting-gathering, 9, 16, 18–19, 67, 75, 236
Huntington, Samuel, 221–3
Hus, Jan, 115
Hussein, Saddam, 226
Hutter, Jacob, 116
Iberian War of Succession, 144
idealism, 45
identity, 7, 22, 26, 48, 56, 70, 84, 125, 223
imperatives of peace, 2, 4, 17, 227, 236
bio-genetic, 17–18, 20, 36, 195, 202
categorical, 134, 238
cultural, 17–20, 36, 202
economic, 162
ideological, 46, 57
instinctual, 14
moral, 91
philosophical, 68
political, 112, 246
religious, 30, 245
urban, 22
imperialism, 7, 10, 92, 119, 143, 151–62, 167, 178, 185, 207, 214, 221
incentives, 50, 68, 225, 235, 246–7
independence, 27, 47, 52, 62, 120, 124, 131–2, 134, 153, 155, 156, 160, 167, 182, 184–9, 193, 198, 208, 210, 211, 213, 214–15, 225, 244
India
Ancient, 7, 9, 56–63, 74–5, 78, 239
Modern, 143–4, 147, 150, 154, 184–7, 208, 217, 224, 228
Indies, 145–8, 152, 154
Indonesia, 63, 208, 213
industrialism, 1, 10, 119, 162–178, 189, 237, 239, 242
instincts, 12–15, 17, 141, 169, 236, 240
Institute of International Law, 130
intellectuals, 3, 11, 44, 68–9, 93–4, 101, 123, 126, 135140, 172–3, 180, 183, 197, 200, 235, 238, 245
interdependency, 17, 21, 123, 168, 231, 234, 239, 242
International Labor Organization, 176, 190
international law, 10, 129–30, 134, 159, 166, 169, 190, 193, 212–13, 240
International Law Association, 130
International Law Commission, 212
International Peace Bureau, 138
international relations, 7, 129
International League for Peace and Liberty, 136
International and Permanent League for Peace, 137
internet, 231–2
Inter-Parliamentary Union, 131
International Workingmen’s Association, First and Second, 174
investigation, 10, 68, 98, 210, 228–9, 235, 247
Iran, 61, 63, 99, 224, 226, 229, 247
Iraq, 7, 21, 99, 224, 225–7, 229, 231
Ireland, 147, 150, 224
Irene, 35, 51, 92–3, 101
Irenarchs, 51–2, 106
Iroquois, 147
irrigation, 19, 21, 24
Islam, 4, 8, 10, 60, 95–102, 113, 143, 199, 226, 226, 229, 245
Islamic Law of Nations, 98
Islamization, 100–1
Isocrates, 40
isolationism, 8, 79, 81, 132, 156, 181, 193, 240
isonomy, 40–2, 44, 48, 50, 62, 124, 135, 215–16, 246
Israel, 86, 99, 214–15, 224
Japan
Ancient, 5, 9–10, 63, 74–82, 105, 236, 238, 240
Modern, 132, 138, 146–7, 156, 158, 179, 184, 191–3, 213, 224
Jaspers, Karl, 9
Jay Treaty, 134
Jefferson, Thomas, 155
Jesus, 88–92, 95, 97, 109, 141, 152, 239
jihad, 98, 229
J
udaism, 4, 10, 83–91, 95, 98–9, 214, 237
judges, 38, 54, 85, 87, 101, 113, 123, 129–31
just war, 51, 104, 128, 152, 240,
just warfare, 128, 240
justice, 7, 25, 27, 29, 35, 37, 43–4, 68, 77, 85–8, 91, 96–7, 110, 137, 140, 146, 151, 169, 180, 198, 200, 209, 211, 215–17, 221, 237, 241–2, 244
Justices of the Peace, 106
Kalinga War, 62
kami, 76–8, 80, 82
Kant, Immanuel, 111, 133–6, 142, 239, 247
Karma, 59, 245
Kautalya, 58
Kellogg-Briand Pact, 190–1
Kelly, Petra, 205
Kennedy, John F., 200–1, 204
kentoshi, 76–7, 79
Keynes, John Maynard, 180, 189
King Jr., Martin Luther, 116, 216–18
kingdoms, 33, 36, 56–7, 62, 70, 74, 86–7, 89–91, 106–9, 113, 117, 120, 141, 158,
Kojiki, 76–7
Korea, 63, 75–8, 81, 199–200, 211, 229–30
Kushan, 73
Kropotkin, Peter, 17
Land of True Peace, 145
language, 7, 13, 18–19, 22, 26, 33, 43, 55, 57–8, 62, 73, 94, 105, 108, 125, 140, 148–9, 225, 247
Laozi, 70
La Paz, 152
Latin League, 47–8
law, 1, 3, 7, 10, 22, 27, 28, 33, 35–6, 39–40, 43–5, 49–50, 53–5, 59, 62, 66–7, 69, 71, 73, 78–9, 80, 84, 88–9, 92–3, 98, 101, 103, 108, 112, 114,-5, 117, 121–3, 125, 128–30, 132–4, 136–7, 140, 146, 148, 151–3, 155–6, 159, 163–4, 166, 172, 179, 186, 190–1, 213, 216–17, 240, 246
League of Armed Neutrality, 132
League of Nations, 10, 131, 185, 189, 194–5, 209–10, 212–14, 245
League of Peace and Power, 149, 151
Legalism, 69–73, 78, 122, 246
legitimacy, 22, 26–7, 30, 59, 66, 67, 69, 79, 85, 100, 111, 124, 144, 235, 240, 246
legislatures, 106, 122, 131, 135, 186, 205
Lenin, Vladimir, 175, 187, 189
liberalism, 122–3, 136–7, 165, 167–8, 195, 219, 221, 226
Liberation Tigers of Tamil Eelam, 228
Lincoln, Abraham, 2–3
Li Si, 69–70, 72
Livy, 1, 112
localism, 221 Locarno Pact, 190–2
Locke, John, 123–5
Louis XIV, 120, 122, 150
Luther, Martin, 113–14
Lycurgus, 39
Machiavelli, 48, 112–13, 152, 246
Magna Carta, 108
Mainau Declaration, 198
Malthus, Thomas, 168, 241
Mandate of Heaven, 66–8, 71–2, 76
Mandela, Nelson, 186, 216–18, 228
Maritime Court of Barcelona, 131
Marshall, Monty, 223
Marsilius, 111–12
Martens, George Frederic de, 129–30
Marx, Karl, 171, 173–5, 219
Marxism, 175, 188–9
mass action, 203–5
Mazarin, Cardinal, 120, 122
McBride, Sean, 229
McLuhan, Marshall, 231
media, 11, 137, 203–4, 216, 227, 231, 244
meditation, 4, 59, 61–2, 65, 77
mercantilism, 122, 162–5, 167, 169, 170, 176, 189, 207, 231, 241
Mesopotamia, 21–28, 31, 35, 55, 83, 243–4
Mencius, 68–9
Mennonites, 116–17, 120
Middle Ages, 103–109
militarism, 39, 75, 80, 92, 94, 115, 141, 165, 167–8, 182, 189, 209
Mill, James Sr. and Jr., 166–8
Minoan Peace, 37, 240
missionaries, 20, 73, 91–2, 109, 146, 148–9
Mohammed, 95–100, 102, 244
Mohism, 71–2
monarchy, 117, 121–2, 124–5, 153, 156
monasticism, 103, 108–9, 243
Monroe Doctrine, 156, 159–60, 230, 247
Montesquieu, 122–4, 128
More, Thomas, 113
Moses, 84–5 MoveOn.org, 231
Mughals, 154–5
Muste, A.J., 181, 202, 216
mutualism
socio-biological, 17
socio-economic, 174, 221
mutual aid, 17, 239
Mutually Assured Destruction (MAD), 197
mythology, 26, 35–8, 57, 64, 92
Napoleon Bonaparte, 125, 140–1, 153, 155–6
natives, 27, 56, 100, 144–50, 152–3, 155–6, 185
Nazis, 10, 184, 189–93
negotiation, 10, 31, 34, 42, 50, 76, 84, 98–100, 102, 106, 11, 120, 130–1, 144, 147, 149, 154–5, 157–9, 163, 165, 168, 175–9, 184, 190–1, 193, 199, 201, 210, 212, 213–15, 217, 223, 229–30
neutrality, 7, 11, 24, 58, 128, 130–33, 152, 156, 179–80, 182–3, 213–15, 240
New Harmony, 171
Nobel, Alfred, 139, 181
Nobel Peace Prize, 181, 183, 198, 207, 228
No Conscription Fellowship (NCF), 180
non-aggression, 104, 190–2, 208
Non-Aligned Movement (NAM), 11, 207–9, 217
non-resistance, 141, 186
non-intervention, 120
non-cooperation, 49, 141, 175, 186, 196, 205, 216, 233
non-violence, 6, 8, 14, 27, 41, 44–5, 61–3, 69, 80, 89, 91–2, 93–4, 109, 114–16, 124, 130, 137, 139, 141–2, 146, 149, 161, 170–1, 173–5, 180–7, 196, 200, 202–3, 205, 207, 216–17, 220–22, 227, 231, 237, 240–1, 243, 247
non-violent direct action, 202–4, 233, 241
Nonviolence Code, 203
North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO), 133, 196–7, 207–9, 221, 226–7, 247
nuclear weapons, 8, 11, 195, 197–8, 201–3, 212, 204–6, 228–9, 247
nutrition, 64, 235–7
oil, 184, 208, 226, 227, 241
olive branch, 38, 152
Olympics, 9, 38–9, 41
One Hundred Years’ War
“one world, one peace,” 207, 215, 248
“one world, many peaces,” 207, 215, 221
Open Door policy, 159–60, 192–3, 230, 247
Opium Wars, 158
Origen, 94–5
organisms, 16–17
Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries (OPEC), 208
organized peace movement, 10, 135–42, 174, 178, 181, 202, 233, 240
Ottoman Empire, 142, 157, 179, 188
Our Lady Peace, 152
Owen, Richard, 171–2
pacification, 32, 64, 72, 76, 78, 80, 86–8, 89, 92, 94, 98, 104, 120, 145, 150, 193, 240
pacific settlement of disputes, 49, 210
pacifism, 6, 8, 31, 88–9, 92–4, 109, 115–18, 135, 137–8, 141, 148, 173, 180–3
Palestine, 93, 142, 214, 228
Panchscheel, 208
Paradise (heaven), 29–30, 36, 47, 66, 71, 87–9, 90–1, 94, 96, 103–5, 109–10
Paris Peace Conference, 136–8
Passy, Frederic, 131, 137, 169
partnership social structure, 18, 20, 56, 62, 75, 243
Pauling, Linus, 198, 245
Pax, etymology of, 48
Pax Augusta, 53–4
Pax Britannica, 8, 157, 168
Pax Dei, 105
Pax Islamica, 8, 99–101
Pax Romana, 1, 46, 49, 53–5, 88, 93–5, 246
Pax Sinica, 73
peace
at any price, doctrine, 168, 191, 241
axes of, 9
Carthaginian, 189
civilized, 21, 23–5, 27
collective, 2, 4, 7–8, 57, 71, 77, 108–9, 119, 177, 207, 236
corporeal, 235–9
culture of, 227
democratic, 220
domestic, 25, 31–2, 40, 48–50, 103, 147
heroic, 36–7 hot, 195, 197, 199, 207
individual, 2, 4–5, 177
inner , 4–5, 13, 51, 58–60, 70, 77, 84, 87, 90, 109, 139, 228, 235, 243–5
international, 107, 126–33, 135–6, 138–9, 143, 164, 168, 183, 205, 209, 210
intra-national, 106, 119–25, 136, 173, 211, 227,
240
messianic, 87–89
oppressive, 29–30, 32–3, 39–40, 72, 75, 78–9, 81, 226
parchment, 10, 192
pedagogy, 2, 20, 44, 72, 91, 137, 199, 247–8
periodicals about, 135, 180
periods of, 4, 5, 9, 14, 27, 31, 35, 37–8, 40, 42, 54, 60, 63, 73–4, 79, 99, 105, 241
principles of, 28, 33, 43, 52, 60, 62, 68, 71, 72, 80, 83, 92, 95, 116, 118, 125–6, 131, 156, 166, 168, 177, 208, 230, 231, 234–5, 245–8
research, 205, 224, 246
sanctuarial, 9, 21, 152, 235, 238–43
science of, 168
social, 2, 5–6, 13, 18, 37, 51–2, 56–7, 60, 64, 77, 90, 109, 170–1, 174, 177
socio-economic, 235, 238, 241
symbols of, 38, 45, 62, 78, 86, 90, 151, 186, 221
threats to, 229, 233, 243
unitive, 31–3, 100, 124, 241
words for, 22, 29, 35, 58, 64–5, 83, 96, 139, 204, 207
world peace, 11, 127, 130, 134, 142, 164, 167, 190, 195, 197–9, 208–9, 211–12, 215, 221–2, 228, 233–48
peace and friendship policy, 73
Peace-Building Fund, 227
Peace Churches, 148, 180
Peace Congresses, 127, 135, 138–9, 156, 181, 183
Peace of al-Hudaybiyyah, 99
Peace of Augsburg, 119–20
Peace of Callias, 42
peace of mind, 78, 90
Peace of Nicias, 42
Peace of Westphalia, 10, 119–20, 125–6, 133
“Peace for our time,” 192
peace pipe, 10, 149
Peace Societies, 135–9, 181
peacekeeping, 24, 27, 31, 106, 164, 196–7, 213–15, 227, 232
peacemakers, 6–8, 10–11, 46, 62, 89, 98, 110–1, 120, 141, 144, 151, 168–9, 197–8, 202, 207, 228–9, 234, 236, 238, 244–5
peacemaking, 2–4, 6–16, 19–22, 25–7, 29, 35–6, 39, 43, 46–7, 49, 56–8, 73, 83, 88–9, 91, 95, 97–8, 103, 105–7, 109–10, 112, 114–15, 118–20, 123–4, 126, 133, 136, 138, 143–5, 149, 151, 154, 157, 159, 162–3, 166, 169, 174, 178, 182, 191, 209, 213–15, 218, 220, 224, 226–8, 231–4, 248
Pearson, Lester B., 215
Peasant’s Revolt, 116
Peloponnesian League, 41
People of the Book, 85, 97, 100
People of the Pact, 100
Perestroika, 206
Penn, William, 118, 127, 147–8
Persia, 41–2, 95
Petrarch, 111
Pharaohs, 30–3, 84
Philo of Alexandria, 88
philosophy, 3, 4, 9, 35, 43–6, 51, 57, 67–70, 80, 93, 113, 121, 124, 129, 140–1, 170, 180, 204, 219
physiocracy, 163–4
Plato, 39, 44–6, 104, 113, 242
plenitude, 235, 244
plowshares, 203
Poland, 116, 150, 189, 191–2, 207
politics, 3, 34–5, 155, 157, 163, 175, 186, 189, 221–2, 242
polls, 199
Polybius, 41, 50
polytheism, 10, 58–9, 62, 77, 93
popular culture, 199