Mark Twain - The Adventures of Samuel L. Clemens

by Jerome Loving

  McClellan, George Brinton. McClellan’s Own Story: The War for the Union, the Soldiers Who Fought It, the Civilians Who Directed It and His Relations to It and to Them.

  O’Reilly, Father Bernard. Life of Pope Leo XIII.

  Twain, Mark. The Prince and the Pauper (reissue).

  1888

  Beecher, William C., and Samuel Scoville. A Biography of Rev. Henry Ward Beecher.

  Burton, Rev. Nathaniel J. Yale Lectures on Preaching and Other Writings.

  Daggett, Rollin Mallory. The Legends and Myths of Hawaii.

  Filippini, Alessandro. The Table: How to Buy Food, How to Cook It, and How to Serve It.

  Kalakaua, David. The Legends and Myths of Hawaii.

  Library of American Literature, ed. E. C. Stedman, volumes 1–6.

  Mark Twain’s Library of Humor.

  Sheridan, P. H. Personal Memoirs of P. H. Sheridan, General, United States Army.

  Twain, Mark. Life on the Mississippi (reissue).

  ———.The Prince and the Pauper (reissue).

  ———.The Stolen White Elephant and Other Stories (reissue).

  1889

  Conkling, Alfred R. The Life and Letters of Roscoe Conkling, Orator, Statesman, Advocate.

  Library of American Literature, ed. E. C. Stedman, volumes 7–10.

  Twain, Mark. A Connecticut Yankee in King Arthur’s Court.

  1890

  Library of American Literature, ed. E. C. Stedman, volume 11.

  Ridenbaugh, Mary Young. Biography of Ephraim McDowell, M.D.

  Sherman, William T. Personal Memoirs of General W. T. Sherman, 2 vols. (reissue of 1875 publication).

  Stoddard, William O. Inside the White House in War Times.

  1891

  Bliss, Edgar Janes. The Peril of Oliver Sargent.

  Byers, S. H. M. The Happy Isles and Other Poems.

  Crim, Matt (Martha Jane). Adventures of a Fair Rebel.

  Dahlgren, Madeline Vinton. Memoirs of John A. Dahlgren.

  Ireland, A. E. Life of Jane Welsh Carlyle.

  Lucas, Daniel B., and James F. McLaughlin. Hour-Glass Series.

  Sanford, E. B. Concise Cyclopedia of Religious Knowledge.

  Scott, Henry W. Distinguished American Lawyers, with Their Struggles and Triumphs in the Forum.

  Sims, George R. Tinkletop’s Crime.

  “Sixtus.” A Review of Professor Briggs’s Inaugural Address (45-page pamphlet).

  Tolstoi, Leo. Ivan the Fool (reprint of short story).

  Twain, Mark. Adventures of Huckleberry Finn (cheap edition).

  ———.Facts for Mark Twain’s Memory Builder (11-page pamphlet).

  ———.Life on the Mississippi (reissue).

  Ward, Herbert. My Life with Stanley’s Rear Guard.

  1892

  Bacheller, Irving. The Master of Silence.

  Beard, Daniel C. Moonblight and Six Feet of Romance. (Beard illustrated a number of the Webster books, including A Connecticut Yankee.)

  Bigelow, Poultney. The German Emperor and His Eastern Neighbors.

  ———.Paddles and Politics Down the Danube.

  Columbus, Christopher. Writings of Christopher Columbus, Descriptive of the Discovery of the New World.

  Crim, Matt (Martha Jane). In Beaver Cove and Elsewhere.

  Dahlgren, Madeline Vinton. Chim: His Washington Winter.

  Filippini, Alexander. One Hundred Ways of Cooking Eggs.

  ———.One Hundred Ways of Cooking Fish.

  Garner, R. L. The Speech of Monkeys, in Two Parts.

  George, Henry. A Perplexed Philosopher: Being an Examination of Mr. Herbert Spencer’s Various Utterances on the Land Question (reissue).

  ———.Progress and Poverty (reissue).

  Illustrated Catalogue of Charles L. Webster and Co.’s Publications.

  Johnston, Richard Malcolm. Mr. Billy Downs and His Likes.

  Miller, Annie J. Physical Beauty. How to Obtain and How to Preserve It.

  Pullen, Elisabeth C. Don Finimondone: Calabrian Sketches.

  Repplier, Agnes. Essays in Miniature.

  Schmidt, W. The Flowering Bowl.

  Scollard, Clinton. Under Summer Skies.

  Sharp, William. Flower o’ the Vine: Romantic Ballads and Sospiri de Roma.

  Springer, William M. Tariff Reform, the Paramount Issue: Speeches and Writings on the Questions Involved in the Presidential Contest of 1892.

  Tolstoi, Leo. Life Is Worth Living, and Other Stories.

  Twain, Mark. The American Claimant.

  ———.Merry Tales.

  ———.The Prince and the Pauper (cheap edition).

  Whitman, Walt. Autobiographia; or, The Story of a Life.

  ———.Selected Poems.

  1893

  Bangs, John K. Toppleton’s Client; or, A Spirit in Exile.

  Benton, Joel. The Truth about “Protection.”

  Brooks, Henry S. A Catastrophe in Bohemia and Other Stories.

  Crim, Matt. Elizabeth, Christian Scientist.

  Filippini, Alexander. One Hundred Desserts.

  Fraipont, Gustave B. The Art of Sketching.

  George, Henry. The Condition of Labor: An Open Letter to Pope Leo XIII.

  ———. The Land Question: What It Involves, and How Alone It Can Be Settled.

  ———. The Land Question . . . Property in Land . . . The Condition of Labor (separately paginated).

  Isaacs, Abram S. Stories from the Rabbis.

  Moffett, Samuel Erasmus. The Tariff; What It Is and What It Does.

  Scollard, Clinton. On Sunny Shores.

  Sixtus. Progressive Protestantism.

  Twain, Mark. The £1,000,000 Bank-note and Other New Stories.

  1894

  Grant, Ulysses S. Personal Memoirs of U. S. Grant (cheap edition).

  Holdsworth, Annie E. Joanna Traill, Spinster.

  Twain, Mark. Tom Sawyer Abroad.

  Waugh, Arthur. Alfred Lord Tennyson.

  Notes

  ABBREVIATIONS

  Benson:

  Ivan Benson. Mark Twain’s Western Years. Stanford, CA: Stanford University Press, 1938.

  Brashear:

  Minnie M. Brashear, Mark Twain, Son of Missouri. Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press, 1934.

  ET&S:

  Early Tales & Sketches. 2 vols. Edited by Edgar Marquess Branch and Robert H. Hirst. Berkeley: University of California Press, 1979–81.

  Fatout:

  Paul Fatout. Mark Twain on the Lecture Circuit. Bloomington: Indiana University Press, 1960.

  FE:

  Mark Twain. Following the Equator. Hartford: American Publishing Company, 1897.

  L:

  Mark Twain’s Letters, 1853–1875. 6 vols. Edited by Edgar Marquess Branch et al. Berkeley: University of California Press, 1988–2002.

  Letters:

  Mark Twain’s Letters. 2 vols. Edited by Albert Bigelow Paine. New York: Harper & Brothers, 1917.

  LLMT:

  The Love Letters of Mark Twain. Edited by Dixon Wecter. New York: Harper & Brothers, 1949.

  Lorch:

  Fred W. Lorch. The Trouble Begins at Eight: Mark Twain’s Lecture Tours. Ames: Iowa State University Press, 1968.

  MT:

  Mark Twain (Samuel Langhorne Clemens).

  MTA:

  Mark Twain’s Autobiography. 2 vols. Edited by Albert Bigelow Paine. New York: Harper & Brothers, 1924.

  MTB:

  Albert Bigelow Paine. Mark Twain: A Biography. 3 vols. New York: Harper & Brothers, 1912.

  MTBus:

  Samuel Charles Webster. Mark Twain, Business Man. Boston: Little, Brown, 1946.

  MTCI:

  Mark Twain: The Complete Interviews. Edited by Gary Scharnhorst. Tuscaloosa: University of Alabama Press, 2006.

  MTE:

  Mark Twain in Eruption. Edited by Bernard DeVoto. New York: Harper & Sons, 1940.

  MTEnt:

  Mark Twain of the Enterprise. Edited by Henry Nash Smith. Berkeley: University of Cal
ifornia Press, 1957.

  MTHHR:

  Mark Twain’s Correspondence with Henry Huttleston Rogers. Edited by Lewis Leary. Berkeley: University of California Press, 1969.

  MTHL:

  Mark Twain–Howells Letters. 2 vols. Edited by Henry Nash Smith and William M. Gibson. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 1960.

  MTL:

  Alan Gribben. Mark Twain’s Library: A Reconstruction. 2 vols. Boston: G. K. Hall, 1980.

  MTLP:

  Mark Twain’s Letters to His Publishers. Edited by Hamlin Hill. Berkeley: University of California Press, 1967.

  MTMF:

  Mark Twain to Mrs. Fairbanks. Edited by Dixon Wecter. San Marino, CA: Huntington Library, 1949.

  MTN:

  Mark Twain’s Notebook. Edited by Albert Bigelow Paine. New York: Harper & Brothers, 1935.

  MTP:

  Mark Twain Project/Papers. University of California, Berkeley.

  MTSpk:

  Mark Twain Speaking. Edited by Paul Fatout. Iowa City: University of Iowa Press, 1976.

  MTTB:

  Mark Twain’s Travels with Mr. Brown. Edited by Franklin Walker and G. Ezra Dane. New York: Alfred A. Knopf, 1940.

  MTVC:

  Paul Fatout. Mark Twain in Virginia City. Bloomington: Indiana University Press, 1964.

  N&J:

  Mark Twain’s Notebooks & Journals, 1855–1891. 3 vols. Edited by Frederick Anderson et al. Berkeley: University of California Press, 1975–79.

  PROLOGUE

  1. “Jane Lampton Clemens,” in Mark Twain’s Hannibal, Huck & Tom, ed. Walter Blair (Berkeley: University of California Press, 1969), 43–53.

  2. “Schoolhouse Hill,” in No. 44, Mark Twain’s Mysterious Stranger Manuscripts, ed. William M. Gibson (Berkeley: University of California Press, 1982), 187; and John S. Tuckey, Mark Twain and Little Satan: The Writings of The Mysterious Stranger (West Lafayette, IN: Purdue University Studies, 1963), 31.

  3. L, 1: 322–23.

  4. MTE, 202–3.

  5. Mark Twain to Samuel S. McClure, c. February 1, 1900 (MTP); and Bernard De Voto, Mark Twain’s America (Boston: Little, Brown, 1932), 238.

  6. Emerson, “The Comic,” in Letters and Social Aims (Boston: Houghton Mifflin, 1884), 151–53.

  7. William Dean Howells, My Mark Twain: Reminiscences and Criticisms (New York: Harper & Brothers, 1910), 63.

  8. “Jane Lampton Clemens,” 52.

  9. It doubtless started with William Dean Howells’s statement in his My Mark Twain, in which he recalls that Twain had begun “to amass those evidences against mankind which eventuated with him in his theory of what he called ‘the damned human race’ ” (76).

  10. James H. Justus, Fetching the Old Southwest: Humorous Writing from Longstreet to Twain (Columbia: University of Missouri Press, 2004), 320.

  1. LIFE ON THE SALT RIVER

  1. Dixon Wecter, Sam Clemens of Hannibal (Boston: Houghton Mifflin, 1952), 6–12; Margaret Sanborn, Mark Twain: The Bachelor Years (New York: Doubleday, 1990), 1–11; Ralph Gregory, Mark Twain’s First America: Florida, Missouri, 1835–1840 (privately printed, 1965); and MT, The American Claimant (New York: Charles L. Webster & Co., 1892), 23 (“crushed by a log at a smoke-house raising”).

  2. Rowland Berthoff, An Unsettled People: Social Order and Disorder in American History (New York: Harper & Row, 1971), 287; Mark Twain, Pudd’nhead Wilson and Those Extraordinary Twins, ed. Sidney E. Berger (New York: W. W. Norton, 1980), 43.

  3. FE, 2: 18.

  4. De Lancey Ferguson, Mark Twain: Man and Legend (Indianapolis: BobbsMerrill, 1943), 16; and MTHL 2: 567.

  5. MTA, 1: 3. Today a historical marker near the Fentress County Courthouse indicates a spring as “the source of water for early settlers of Jamestown, including Clemens’s parents, who settled on the adjoining property to the north.”

  6. Wecter, Sam Clemens, 33–34.

  7. Ralph Gregory, “John A. Quarles: Mark Twain’s Ideal Man,” Bulletin of the Missouri Historical Society, 25 (April 1969), 229–35.

  8. MTA, 1: 96, 95.

  9. Wecter, Sam Clemens, 47; Brashear, 48, 44 n. 34.

  10. MTA, 1: 96–97; and Adventures of Huckleberry Finn, ed. Victor Fischer and Lin Salamo (Berkeley: University of California Press, 2003), 288.

  11. MTA, 1: 100–101.

  12. Gregory, Mark Twain’s First America, 234; Civil War Dictionary, ed. Mark M. Boatner III (New York: David McKay, 1959), 355, 669.

  13. Huck Finn and Tom Sawyer among the Indians and Other Unfinished Stories, ed. Dahlia Armon and Walter Blair (Berkeley: University of California Press, 1989), 208.

  14. Pudd’nhead Wilson and Those Extraordinary Twins, 8–9.

  15. Brashear, 52–53; MTB, 96.

  16. Tom Sawyer Abroad, Tom Sawyer, Detective, ed. John C. Gerber and Terry Firkins (Berkeley: University of California Press, 1980), 155.

  2. WINDOW TO THE WEST

  1. Dixon Wecter, Sam Clemens of Hannibal (Boston: Houghton Mifflin, 1952), 56–57; Mark Twain’s Hannibal, Huck & Tom, ed. Walter Blair (Berkeley: University of California Press, 1969), 39.

  2. MT to Dora Bowen (Goff), June 6, 1900 (University of Texas library).

  3. Blair, Mark Twain’s Hannibal, 35–36.

  4. Henry Nash Smith, Mark Twain: The Development of a Writer (Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 1962), 128.

  5. See The Innocents Abroad, chap. 18; MTA, 1: 131–32; Missouri Courier, May 2, 1850.

  6. MTB, 2: 63–64; Wecter, Sam Clemens, 148; MTA, 2: 174; The Adventures of Tom Sawyer, ed. John C. Gerber et al. (Berkeley: University of California Press, 1980), 74.

  7. Huck Finn and Tom Sawyer among the Indians, ed. Dahlia Armon and Walter Blair (Berkeley: University of California Press, 1989), 325; Bernard De Voto, Mark Twain at Work (Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 1942), 13.

  8. Huck Finn and Tom Sawyer among the Indians, 339–40; MTA, 1: 131.

  9. L, 4, 50–53.

  10. Larzer Ziff, Mark Twain (New York: Oxford University Press, 2004), 4.

  3. ORION

  1. MTA, 1: 124.

  2. “Villagers of 1840–3,” in Mark Twain’s Hannibal, Huck & Tom, ed. Walter Blair (Berkeley: University of California Press, 1969), 40.

  3. Philip Ashley Fanning, Mark Twain and Orion Clemens: Brothers, Partners, Strangers (Tuscaloosa: University of Alabama Press, 2003).

  4. Dixon Wecter, Sam Clemens of Hannibal (Boston: Houghton Mifflin, 1952), 228.

  5. L, 1: 14.

  6. Dictionary of American Biography (New York: Scribner’s, 1937), 2: 48–49.

  7. Wecter, Sam Clemens of Hannibal, 227.

  8. MTHL, 1: 253.

  9. MTA, 2: 272–74.

  10. Terrell Dempsey, Searching for Jim: Slavery in Sam Clemens’s World (Columbia: University of Missouri Press, 2003), 78.

  11. MTB, 2: 270.

  12. MTA, 1: 89.

  4. SOUTHWEST HUMORIST

  1. Walter Blair, Native American Humor (Chandler Publishing Company, 1960).

  2. James H. Justus, Fetching the Old Southwest: Humorous Writing from Longstreet to Twain (Columbia: University of Missouri Press, 2004), 188.

  3. Justus, Fetching the Old Southwest, 231.

  4. Edgar Marquess Branch, The Literary Apprenticeship of Mark Twain (Urbana: University of Illinois Press, 1950), 9.

  5. Dixon Wecter, Sam Clemens of Hannibal (Boston: Houghton Mifflin, 1952), 236.

  6. ET&S, 1: 62.

  7. MTE, 136–42.

  8. ET&S, 1: 66–68.

  9. L, 4: 198–200; Jeffrey Steinbrink, Getting to Be Mark Twain (Berkeley: University of California Press, 1991), 137; ET&S, 1: 72–77; Wecter, Sam Clemens of Hannibal, 249–52; Brashear, 109–16.

  10. ET&S, 1: 78.

  11. Brashear, 122; and “My First Literary Venture,” Galaxy, 11 (April 1871), 615, reprinted in Contributions to the “Galaxy,” 1868–1871, by Mark Twain, ed. Bruce R. McElderry, Jr. (Gainesville, FL: Scholars’ Facsimiles and Reprints, 1961), 131–32.

  12. Bra
shear, 135–39.

  13. ET&S, 1: 106–9.

  5. TRAMP PRINTER

  1. MTA, 2: 287–89; L, 1: 1–3; MT to Mrs. A. P. Cosgrove, April 11, 1885 (University of Virginia Library), in which he maintained that he kept his promise not to imbibe between ages fifteen and twenty-one.

  2. L, 1: 9–12; MTB 1: 96. I am indebted to Kevin Mac Donnell for the fact of Gray’s printing of MT’s first book.

  3. Horace L. Traubel, With Walt Whitman in Camden (Carbondale: University of Southern Illinois Press, 1992), 7: 98.

  4. L, 1: 19–28.

  5. L, 1: 12n, 20.

  6. MTA, 2: 287; L, 1: 24n, 28–29, 4.