5. J. Henry Harper, I Remember (New York: Harper & Brothers, 1934), 137–39; James J. Corbett, The Roar of the Crowd (New York: G. P. Putnam’s Sons, 1925), 328; MTB, 2: 973–74.
6. MT to Olivia L. Clemens, January 27–30, 1894 (MTP).
7. MT to Olivia L. Clemens, February 15, 1894 (MTP).
8. L, 3: 303–7, 333–34; Orion Clemens to MT, February 2, 1894 (MTP).
9. Samuel E. Moffett, “Henry Huttleston Rogers,” Cosmopolitan (September 1902), 532–35.
10. MT to Olivia L. Clemens, February 11–13, 1894 (MTP).
11. MT to Olivia L. Clemens, February 20, 1894; MT to Pamela A. Moffett, February 25, 1894; MT to Olivia L. Clemens, March 1, 1894 (MTP).
12. MT to Olivia L. Clemens, April 22, 1894 (MTP); LLMT, 301–2.
13. MT to Frederick J. Hall, June 1, 1894 (University of Virginia Library). See also MTLP, 363–66.
43. BROKEN TWIGS AND FOUND CANOES
1. MT to Olivia L. Clemens, May 16, 1894 (transcript read against the manuscript, courtesy of Sotheby’s, New York [MTP]); Mark Twain, “Fenimore Cooper’s Literary Offenses,” North American Review 161 (July 1895), 1–12; Bernard DeVoto, “Fenimore Cooper’s Further Literary Offenses,” New England Quarterly 19 (September 1946), 291–301; “Cooper’s Prose Style,” in Mark Twain: Letters from the Earth, ed. Bernard De Voto (New York: Harper & Row, 1962), 135–45; MT to Richard Watson Gilder, April 29, 1898 (Pierpont Morgan Library).
2. Partially contained in MT to Olivia L. Clemens, December 20, 1893 (MTP); see also Clara Clemens, My Father, Mark Twain (New York: Harper & Brothers, 1931), 132–34, where the passage is slightly misquoted.
3. Wayne Franklin, James Fenimore Cooper: The Early Years (New Haven, CT: Yale University Press, 2007), xviii.
4. Percy Bysshe Shelley: Complete Poems (New York: Book of the Month Club, 1993), 259.
5. Allen Walker Read, “The Membership in Proposed American Academies,” American Literature 7 (May 1935), 145–65.
6. MT to Olivia L. Clemens, August 9, 1894 (MTP).
7. Olivia Susan Clemens to Louise Brownell [July 29, 1894] (Hamilton College Library); also printed but misdated in Papa: An Intimate Biography of Mark Twain by Susy Clemens, ed. Charles Neider (New York: Doubleday, 1985), 23–29; MT to William Dean Howells, September 14, 1894 (Huntington Library).
44. BACK HOME AND OVERLAND
1. MTB, 2: 989; MT to Franklin G. Whitmore, October 7, 1894 (MTP); MT to Francis E. Bliss, October 13, 1894 (collection of Donald T. Bliss, facsimile in MTP); MTHHR, 80.
2. MTB, 2: 991; MTHHR, 108.
3. MT to Franklin G. Whitmore, January 8, 1895 (Mark Twain House, Hartford, CT); MTHHR, 117–19.
4. LLMT, 312.
5. MTB, 1: 81–82.
6. San Francisco Examiner, August 17, 1895, quoted in Overland with Mark Twain: James B. Pond’s Photographs and Journal of the North American Lecture Tour of 1895, ed. Alan Gribben and Nick Karanovich (Elmira, NY: Center for Mark Twain Studies at Quarry Farm, 1992), viii.
7. Clara Clemens, My Father, Mark Twain (New York: Harper & Brothers, 1931), 136.
8. MTHHR, 171; Overland with Mark Twain, 3.
9. MTCI, 185.
10. This warm feeling was apparently not reciprocated. After they parted in Victoria, Twain told Rogers—in one of several complaints about his lecture agent—that Pond “hasn’t any sand or any intelligence or judgment. I must make no contract with him to platform me through America next year if I can do better” (MTHHR, 188).
45. LOST IN THE BRITISH EMPIRE
1. MTCI, 242.
2. MTCI, 190–92.
3. Fatout, 241, 265; MTCI, 240.
4. MTCI, 201; FE, 1: 9–10.
5. Lorch, 200–201; MTCI, 249–51, 263–64; FE, 2: 319.
6. FE, 2: 300–301, 18–19.
7. MT to Samuel E. Moffett, November 10, 1895 (MTP); MTCI, 250.
8. FE, 2: 262; MTHHR, 215, 223.
9. LLMT, 316; MT to Olivia Susan Clemens, February 7, 1896 (MTP); MT to Franklin G. Whitmore, April 5, 1896 (Mark Twain House, Hartford, CT).
10. MTHL, 2: 690.
11. FE, 2: 381–82.
12. MT to James B. Pond, August 10, 1896 (Henry W. and Albert A. Berg Collection, New York Public Library); MT to Andrew Chatto, August 11, 1896 (MTP); Peter Messent, “Mark Twain in Guildford,” Mark Twain Journal 36 (Fall 1998), 26–29; MT to Anna Goodenough, August 14, 1896 (Mark Twain Museum, Hannibal, MO); MT to Mrs. Armstrong, August 18, 1896 (facsimile in Henry Sotheran Ltd. catalogs, February 14, 1998, item 14, in MTP).
13. LLMT, 321, 323.
14. Clara Clemens, My Father, Mark Twain (New York: Harper & Brothers, 1931), 171.
46. MARK TWAIN’S DAUGHTER
1. MTB, 2: 1023; MTN, 320.
2. MTB, 2: 1023; MTN, 321, 318–19; LLMT, 319.
3. MTHHR, 235; LLMT, 320, 325.
4. Olivia Susan Clemens to Louise Brownell [November 13, 1892 and October 2, 1891] (Hamilton College Library).
5. Letters, 636; MTN, 320.
6. MTA, 2: 39–40.
7. LLMT, 322.
8. MTHL, 2: 663.
9. MT to Orion and Mary E. Clemens, [c. October 1, 1896] (MTP, Scrapbook 20).
10. MTHHR, 238, 253–55; MT to Eleanor V. Hutton, November 26, 1896 (Princeton University Library); MTLL, 328; MT to Pamela A. Moffett, January 7, 1897 (MTP).
11. MT to Joseph H. Twichell, January 19, 1997 (Yale University Library).
12. MT to James R. Clemens, June 3, 1897 (Mark Twain House, Hartford, CT); MT to Frank Fuller, June 3, 1897 (transcript only, University of Wisconsin Library); MT to James G. Bennett, June 24, 1897 (Middlebury College Library); MTHHR, 285–88.
13. MTHL, 2: 669n.
47. CITY OF DREAMS
1. MTHL, 2: 670.
2. Carl Dolmetsch, “Our Famous Guest”: Mark Twain in Vienna (Athens: University of Georgia Press, 1992).
3. Clara Clemens, My Father, Mark Twain (New York: Harper & Brothers, 1931), 190–92.
4. Clemens, My Father, Mark Twain, 188–89; Dolmetsch, “Our Famous Guest,” 146–47.
5. MTHHR, 360; MFMT, 208.
6. John S. Tuckey, Mark Twain and Little Satan: The Writings of The Mysterious Stranger (West Lafayette, IN: Purdue University Studies, 1963), 26; MTN, 256; “Conversations with Satan,” in Who Is Mark Twain? ed. Robert H. Hirst (New York: HarperCollins, 2009), 31–32.
7. Is He Dead? A Comedy in Three Acts, ed. Shelley Fisher Fishkin (Berkeley: University of California Press, 2003), 152, 173, passim; MTHHR, 358–62; John Lahr, “Devil May Care: Resurrections in Conor McPherson and Mark Twain,” New Yorker (December 17, 2007), 98–100.
8. MT to Heinrich Obersteiner, October 5, 1897, quoted in Dometsch, “Our Famous Guest,” 202–3.
9. “Stirring Times in Austria,” in The Man That Corrupted Hadleyburg and Other Stories and Essays (New York: Oxford University Press, 1996), 285, 316.
10. Albert Speer, Inside the Third Reich (New York: Macmillan, 1970), 98; William L. Shirer, The Rise and the Fall of the Third Reich (New York: Simon and Schuster, 1960), 24. For Twain’s authorial interest in the Dreyfus Affair, see his letters to Chatto and Windus (University of Virginia Library) and to J. Henry Harper (University of Illinois Library), both penned on February 8, 1898.
11. Shelley Fisher Fishkin, “Mark Twain and the Jews,” Arizona Quarterly 61 (Spring 2005), 137–66; “Concerning the Jews,” in The Man That Corrupted Hadleyburg, 264–66, 269–71, 274–76, 281–83; and Jerome Loving, The Last Titan: A Life of Theodore Dreiser (Berkeley: University of California Press, 2005), 367–71.
12. “Concerning the Jews,” 278–79.
13. Fishkin, “Concerning the Jews,” 253–54; “Jane Lampton Clemens,” in Mark Twain’s Hannibal, Huck & Tom, ed. Walter Blair (Berkeley: University of California Press, 1969), 44–45; Letters, 2: 818.
14. MT to Franklin G. Whitmore, December 11, 1897 (MTP); MTHHR, 308.
48. WINTER FANTASIES
1. Mark Twain to Francis D. Finlay, April 25, 1900 (University of Wiscon
sin Library); L, 5: 487–88. Twain had met Finlay in 1873 while visiting Ireland; he was the owner of the Belfast Whig.
2. MT to Frank Bliss, November 4, 1897 (MTP and Yale University Library); MTHHR, 305.
3. MTHL, 2: 658–59.
4. Carl Dolmetsch, “Our Famous Guest”: Mark Twain in Vienna (Athens: University of Georgia Press, 1992), 266–70.
5. Notebook entry for August 10, 1898, quoted in Dolmetsch, “Our Famous Guest,” 278.
6. No. 44, Mark Twain’s Mysterious Stranger Manuscripts, ed. William M. Gibson (Berkeley: University of California Press, 1982), 49–51.
7. No. 44, Mark Twain’s Mysterious Stranger Manuscripts, 72–73.
8. John S. Tuckey, Mark Twain and Little Satan: The Writings of the Mysterious Stranger (West Lafayette: Purdue University Studies, 1963), 37.
9. The Man That Corrupted Hadleyburg and Other Stories and Essays (New York: Oxford University Press, 1996), 32–33, 47; MTHHR, 382n, 384.
10. MTHHR, 355.
11. No. 44, Mark Twain’s Mysterious Stranger Manuscripts, 190.
12. MTHL, 2: 679.
13. No. 44, Mark Twain’s Mysterious Stranger Manuscripts, 166.
14. MTHL, 2: 683; MTB, 2: 1094.
15. MT to Poultney Bigelow, December 19, 1898 (Library of Poultney Bigelow, Bigelow Homestead, Malden-on-Hudson, NY); MT to James R. Clemens, March 5, 1899 (Mark Twain House, Hartford, CT); MTHL, 2: 683; Caroline Thomas Harnsberger, Mark Twain’s Clara (Evanston, IL: Press of Ward Schori, 1982), 30; MT to Charles Dudley Warner, February 15, 1899 (University of Virginia Library).
16. MT to Samuel E. Moffett, September 15, 1899 (MTP); Correspondence of William James, ed. Ignas K. Skrupkelis and Elizabeth M. Berkeley (Charlottesville: University of Virginia Press, 2001), 9: 595–96; Robert D. Richardson, William James: In the Maelstrom of American Modernism (Boston: Houghton Mifflin, 2006), 388; MTHHR, 409. For Kellgren, see also K. Patrick Ober, Mark Twain and Medicine (Columbia: University of Missouri Press, 2003), 153–68.
49. WEARY SOJOURNERS
1. MT to Susan L. Crane, December 22, 1899 (MTP); MTHHR, 425–26, 430.
2. MTHHR, 424; MTHL, 2: 715–16; Mark Twain, Following the Equator (New York: Harper & Brothers, 1897), 2: 300–301; Letters, 2: 694.
3. MT to C. F. Moberly Bell, July [9], 1900 (MTP); MT, “To the Person Sitting in Darkness,” in Following the Equator and Anti-imperialist Essays (New York: Oxford University Press, 1996), 2.
4. Orion Clemens to MT, December 5, 1887 (MTP); MT to Orion Clemens, December 8, 1887 (Vassar College Library). Articles by Samuel E. Moffett, other than the Pilgrim essay of 1903 (see chapter 35, n. 3), include “Mark Twain: A Biographical Sketch,” McClure’s Magazine 13 (October 1899), 523–29; and “Mark Twain, Doctor of Letters,” Review of Reviews 36 (August 1907), 167–68.
5. MT to Samuel E. Moffett, July 28, 1900 (MTP); MTHHR, 446–47n.
6. Hamlin Hill, Mark Twain: God’s Fool (New York: Harper & Row, 1973), xxvii, 260–61; MT to Samuel E. Moffett, July 29, 1900 (MTP).
7. MT to T. Douglass Murray, June 7, 1900 (Oxford University Library).
8. MT to Joseph H. Twichell, June 22, 1900 (Yale University Library).
9. Mark Twain, Christian Science (New York: Oxford University Press, 1996), 9.
10. MTHHR, 449.
11. MT to Paul Kester, March 24, 1900 (Division of Rare Books and Manuscripts, New York Public Library).
50. EXILE’S RETURN
1. MTN, 372.
2. Hartford Courant, 26 October 1900; MTCI, 369.
3. Letters, 2: 704–6.
4. Mark Twain’s Mysterious Stranger Manuscripts, ed. William M. Gibson (Berkeley: University of California Press, 1969), 137; “To the Person Sitting in Darkness,” in Following the Equator and Anti-imperialist Essays (New York: Oxford University Press, 1996), 5–6; New York Times, February 7, 1901; LLMT, 333.
5. William M. Gibson, “Mark Twain and Howells, Anti-Imperialists,” New England Quarterly 20 (December 1947), 435–70.
6. For recent commentary on “The United States of Lyncherdom” as well as its text in Europe and Elsewhere, ed. Albert Bigelow Paine (New York: Harper & Brothers, 1923), re-edited to replace the bowdlerized version in Paine’s edition, see L. Terry Oggel, “Speaking Out about Race: ‘The United States of Lyncherdom’ Clemens Really Wrote”; Mark Twain, “The United States of Lyncherdom”; and Louis J. Budd, “Afterword: Mark Twain and the Sense of Racism,” Prospects: An Annual in American Cultural Studies 25 (2000), 115–58.
7. MTE, 312–19.
8. MTHL, 2: 732n; LLMT, 330.
9. “A Double-Barreled Detective Story,” in The $30,000 Bequest and Other Stories (New York: Oxford University Press, 1996), 490–91, 504, 522; MTHHR, 469–70.
10. MTHHR, 478–79n; Ida M. Tarbell, All in the Day’s Work: An Autobiography (New York: Macmillan, 1939), 211–30.
11. LLMT, 331–32; MTHHR, 480.
12. LLMT, 335.
51. HOMELESS
1. MTHHR, 484; MT to Franklin G. Whitmore, June 14, 1902, October 18, 1902, and May 18, 1903 (MTP).
2. MTHHR, 484.
3. LLMT, 338.
4. MT to William R. Gillis, May 16, 1902; MT to Joseph T. Goodman, May 16, 1902 (MTP).
5. MTHL, 2: 758n; MT to Frederick A. Duneka, September 15, 1902 (Berg Collection, New York Public Library); MT to Joseph H. Twichell, September 30, 1902 (Yale University Library).
6. MT to A. H. Tyson, December 5, 1902, in Mark Twain: The Letter Writer, ed. Cyril Clemens (Boston: Meador, 1932), 108.
7. MT to John Y. W. McAlister, September 23, 1902 (University of Virginia Library); MTHHR, 506n, 508, MTHL, 2: 747n.
8. MT to Joseph H. Twichell, December 31, 1902 (Yale University Library); MT to Franklin G. Whitmore, January 16, 1903 (MTP); MT to Thomas Bailey Aldrich, January 23, 1903 (Harvard University Library).
9. Carl Thalbitzer to MT, November 13, 1902; MT to Carl Thalbitzer, November 26, 1902 (courtesy of Brita Thalbitzer Hartz; facsimile in MTP).
10. LLMT, 344–46.
11. “A Dog’s Tale” was published in a pamphlet in 1903 by the National Anti-Vivisection Society; Harper’s also published it as a dollar book in 1904.
12. MT to Franklin G. Whitmore, January 16, 1903 (MTP).
13. MTHL, 2: 774n.
52. A DEATH IN FLORENCE
1. MT to Mary Mapes Dodge, December 18, 1903 (University of Dayton Library); MTHHR, 541–42.
2. MT to John Y. W. MacAlister, November 17, 1903 (University of Virginia Library); MTHL, 2: 775; “Italian without a Master,” Harper’s Weekly 48 (January 1904), 18–19; MTHHR, 546; Mary Lawton, A Lifetime with Mark Twain (New York: Harcourt, Brace & Company, 1925), 223.
3. MTHHR, 566; “Italian with Grammar,” Harper’s Monthly Magazine 109 (August 1904), 397–400.
4. Letters, 2: 749. “Sold to Satan” was not published until 1923, when it was included in Europe and Elsewhere (New York: Harper & Brothers, 1923), 326–38.
5. MT to Susan L. Crane, February 15, 1904 (MTP); MTHL, 2: 778.
6. MTHHR, 557–58, 567, 561–62.
7. MT to Thomas Bailey Aldrich, June 6, 1904 (Harvard University Library); MT to Susan L. Crane, June 6, 1904 (MTP); MT to Charles J. Langdon, June 8, 1904 (Mark Twain House, Hartford, CT); MTHHR, 570–71.
8. Lawton, A Lifetime with Mark Twain, 227–29; MT to Susan L. Crane, June 6, 1906 (MTP).
EPILOGUE
1. MTHL, 2: 785; MT to Charles J. Langdon, June 19, 1904 (Mark Twain House, Hartford, CT).
2. Karen Lystra, Dangerous Intimacy: The Untold Story of Mark Twain’s Final Years (Berkeley: University of California Press, 2004), 50. See MT to Jean Clemens, November 6, 1906, and February 21, 1907 (MTP), for Twain’s view of his daughter’s singing ability and for Clara’s fear of being eclipsed in public by her famous father (“She wouldn’t be publicly connected with me, but is going to stand or fall on her own merits”). For his comment to Jean about her epilepsy, see MT to Jean Clemens, June 1907 (Mark Twain House, Hartford, CT), trans
cribed in Ralph W. Ashcroft to J. B. Stanchfield, July 30, 1909 (Ashcroft-Lyon Manuscript, MTP). For the view that Jean actively struck other individuals, see Laura Skandera Trombley, “ ‘She Wanted to Kill’: Jean Clemens and Postical Psychosis,” American Literary Realism 37 (2005), 225–37.
3. Perhaps Clemens’s most emphatic rejection of Lyon as a possible mate appears in his unpublished account of the entire Ashcroft-Lyon matter, cast in the form of a letter to Howells, now in the MTP: “Howells, you knew Mrs. Clemens, from the fall of 1871 until her death in 1904, & I wonder if you are able to believe I could ever find a person who would seem to me to be her match, & thus be moved to marry again? Would it occur to you that if I found such a person it might, would or could be Miss Lyon? . . . Miss Lyon compares with her as a buzzard compares with a dove. (I say this with apologies to the buzzard.)” (MS p. 393).
4. Quoted in William Lyon Phelps, Autobiography with Letters (New York: Oxford University Press, 1939), 965. Phelps was obviously remembering what Paine quoted Clemens as saying in 1908 (MTB, 3: 1440).
5. For the most detailed and comprehensive treatment of the Ashroft-Lyon affair, see Lystra’s Dangerous Intimacy and Hamlin Hill’s Mark Twain: God’s Fool (New York: Harper & Brothers, 1973). See also the unpublished account in the MTP. Lystra points out that Lyon may have been duplicitous in spending funds to renovate a Connecticut cottage Clemens gave her (185).
6. See Kevin Mac Donnell, “Stormfield: A Virtual Tour,” Mark Twain Journal 44 (Spring–Fall 2006), 1–68.
7. MT to Clara L. Clemens, March 5, 1907 (photocopy of the MS courtesy of Nick Karanovich, MTP); Journal of Isabel V. Lyon for April 9 or 10, 1906 (University of Texas Library).
8. Mark Twain’s Mysterious Stranger Manuscripts, ed. William M. Gibson (Berkeley: University of California Press, 1969), 403–5; John S. Tuckey, Mark Twain and Little Satan (West Lafayette, IN: Purdue University Studies, 1963), 76.
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