9. MTHHR, 651, 657, 648.
10. Mark Twain, “The Death of Jean,” Harper’s Monthly Magazine 122 (January 1911), 210–15; Lystra, Dangerous Intimacy, 255, 258, 249.
11. Mark Twain, Letters from the Earth, ed. Bernard De Voto (New York: Harper & Row, 1962), 7.
12. Mark Twain, 1601 and Is Shakespeare Dead? (New York: Oxford University Press, 1996), 20–21. He wrote Jean on March 3, 1909 (MTP), that he was “having a good time all by myself dictating to the stenographer (Autobiography) a long day-after-day scoff at everybody who is ignorant enough & stupid enough to go on believing Shakespeare ever wrote a play or a poem in his life.”
13. Twain, Letters from the Earth, 40.
14. MT to William R. Coe, June 27, 1909 (Mark Twain House, Hartford, CT); MT to Clara L. Clemens, February 21 (MTP) and April 21, 1910 (University of Virginia Library).
15. Caroline Thomas Harnsberger, Mark Twain’s Clara (Evanston, IL: Press of Ward Schori, 1982), 147; Andrew Hoffman, Inventing Mark Twain: The Lives of Samuel Langhorne Clemens (New York: William Morrow, 1997), 503.
16. Clara Clemens, My Husband Gabrilowitsch (New York: Harper & Brothers, 1938), 31, 84, 173, 190, 193.
17. In his extreme loneliness, Clemens cultivated, beginning in 1908, a relationship with a number of girls between the ages of ten and fifteen whom he dubbed his “Angel-fish.” They formed his “Aquarium” or club. These girls were often invited to stay with Clemens and Isabel Lyon for a week or more. Their mothers were fully informed of their visits and assured (and granted) proper supervision for their daughters during the visits. The club began with five or six young people and eventually reached the number of twelve. In several letters, Clemens shared his delight with these young people with both his daughters, and the Aquarium became so popular with those in the writer’s New York social circle that even adult women pretended to want to become members. In a letter to Dorothy Quick, one of the earliest Angel-fish, he told her that the wife of dramatist Daniel Frohman “has been trying to get into our Aquarium, & I wouldn’t let her.... She was dressed for 12 years, & had pink ribbons at the back of her neck & looked about 14 years old; so I admitted her as an angel-fish. . . . There are lots of lady candidates.” (MT to Dorothy Quick, May 12, 1908 [MTP]). See also Dorothy Quick, Mark Twain & Me (Norman: University of Oklahoma Press, 1961); and Barbara Schmidt, “Mark Twain’s Angel-fish and Other Young Women of Interest” (www.twainquotes.com/angelfish/angelfish.html).
18. MT to Clara L. Clemens, April 21, 1910 (University of Virginia Library); and “Nina Clemens Gabrilowitsch, 55, Twain’s Last Direct Heir, Dies,” New York Times, January 19, 1966.
19. James M. Cox, Mark Twain: The Fate of Humor (Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, 1966).
Index
Works by Twain appear at the end of the index.
Ade, George, 109
Aldrich, Lilian, 183–84, 262
Aldrich, Thomas Bailey, 26, 170, 183–84, 216, 351, 417–18
The Story of a Bad Boy, 170, 183, 216
Aments, Joseph P., 36
American Plasmon Company, 407, 412, 418, 423
American Publisher, 173
American Publishing Company, 143, 147, 156, 166, 169, 182, 209, 216, 220, 231, 249, 286, 289, 292–93, 296, 322, 324, 354, 384, 390
buy-out by Harper’s Publishing Company, 390
uniform edition of Twain’s works, 354–55, 390
Amherst Record, 176
Amherst Student, 176
Andrews, Evangeline Walker, 313
Andrews, Kenneth R., 181
Arabian Nights, 39
Archbold, John D., 338
Arnold, Matthew, 285, 300, 306, 310
Arp, Bill, 266
Artemus Ward: His Travels, 107
Ashcroft, Ralph, 423–24
Atlanta Constitution, 257
Atlantic Monthly, 28, 55, 165, 168, 182–84, 198, 204, 210–12, 214, 220, 221–25, 232, 233, 244, 251, 259, 267
Austen, Jane, 201
Badeau, Adam, 291
Baetzhold, Howard, 301
Bailey, James M. See Danbury News Man Baldwin, Joseph G., 36
Ballarat (Australia) Courier, 361
Balzac, Honoré de, 253
Droll Stories, 253
“The Venial Sin,” 253
Barnes, George E., 101
Barnum, P. T., 260, 321
Barth, John, 425
Bates, Allan, 55, 59
Bates, Edward, 30–31
Beach, Emily (Emma), 140, 151
Beach, Moses, 135–36, 140
Beard, Daniel Carter, 298, 309
Beauregard, Pierre Gustave, 69
Beecher, Henry Ward, 131–32, 135, 150, 154, 158, 180, 182
Beecher, Isabella, 166
Beecher, Thomas K., 158, 165, 168
“The Duty of Using One’s Life for Others,” 158
Belford Brothers of Toronto, 220
Bell, C. F. Moberly, 393
Bell, John, 68
Bellamy, Edward, 304
Looking Backward, 304–5
Benjamin, William Evarts, 339
Berry, Mrs. Thomas S., 150
Bierce, Ambrose, 101, 198
Bigler, John, 82
Billings, Josh, 109, 266–67
Bishop, William Henry, 225–26
Detmold, 225
Bissell, Richard M., 406
Bixby, Horace, 54–57, 59–61, 65–66, 257–58
Blair, Walter, 35, 266
Blankenship, Bence, 24
Blankenship, Tom, 24, 218, 281
Bliss, Elisha, 143, 147, 153, 156, 159, 162, 166, 171–72, 185, 188–89, 195, 249, 286
Bliss, Francis E., 286, 324, 384, 390
Boccaccio, Giovanni, 352
Booth, Edwin, 181
Boston Carpet-Bag, 38
Boston Evening Post, 226, 252–53
Boston Globe, 226, 228
Boston Herald, 294
Boston Transcript, 226
Bowen, Bart, 60–61
Bowen, Sam, 59–60, 68
Bowen, Will, 22, 24, 26, 66, 116, 168, 214
Bowles, Samuel, 160
Branch, Edgar Marquess, 36, 64
Brooks, Noah, 76
Brooks, Van Wyck, 89, 142, 181
Brown, John, 49, 164
Brown, William, 59, 62–63, 65
Browne, Charles Farrar. See Ward, Artemus
Brownell, Louise, 313, 331–33, 335–36, 351–52, 369
Browning, Elizabeth Barrett, 332
Aurora Leigh, 332
Bryant, William Cullen, 233–34
Bucke, Richard Maurice, 81
Buell, Dwight, 274
Buffalo Daily Courier, 233
Buffalo Express, 26, 160–61, 164–72, 176, 189, 190, 286, 341
Bunker, Benjamin, 84
Burdette, Robert Jones, 109
Burlingame, Anson, 113, 115–16, 118, 122, 188
Burlingame, Edward, 116
Burnside, General Ambrose, 162, 217
Burroughs, John, 164
Burton, Mary Hooker, 182
Byron, Lord, 49, 95, 165, 349
Cable, George Washington, 202, 257–58, 261–65, 267, 289–90, 293, 299, 349, 351, 357
Dr. Sevier, 262–63
The Grandissimes, 257–58
Old Creole Days, 257
Calhoun, John C., 49
Californian, 100–2, 104–6, 110, 129, 169
Carlyle, Thomas, 306–7
Carnegie, Andrew, 292, 337, 343
Carson, Kit, 79
Century Magazine, 54, 69, 71–72, 263, 289–90, 292, 324, 343–44
Cervantes, Miguel de, 252
Charles L. Webster & Company, 271–72, 274–76, 278, 291, 293–96, 298, 300, 307, 309, 318, 324, 335, 338, 344, 357
bankruptcy, 296, 343–44, 354
Chatto and Windus, 220, 319, 354, 372
Chaucer, Geoffrey, 252
Chicago Evening Post, 221
Chicago Times-Herald, 353
Chicago Tribu
ne, 174, 203
Childs, Marquis, 55
Chopin, Kate, 111
The Awakening, 111
Church, Frederick, 131
Clagett, William E., 83–85, 94
Clapp, Henry, 2, 106–7, 130
Clay, Henry, 49
Clemens, Benjamin, 13, 28
Clemens, Clara. See Samossoud, Clara Clemens Gabrilowitsch
Clemens, Cyril, 373
Clemens, Henry, 13, 16, 21, 23, 29, 34, 37, 47, 50
death, 46, 62–66, 110, 177, 258
Clemens, James R., 373
Clemens, Jane Lampton (mother), 1, 3, 12, 14, 29, 145, 149, 232, 395
Clemens, Jean, 186, 251, 319, 357, 363–65, 367, 380, 310, 413, 419, 422
death, 426–27
epilepsy, 314, 318, 373, 381, 391–92, 395, 398, 405, 408–9, 418, 423
Clemens, Jenny, 50, 95
Clemens, John Marshall (father), 11–12, 14–15, 18, 20–21, 23–25, 28, 277, 284
death, 28–29
Clemens, Langdon, 169–71, 173, 177, 421
Clemens, Margaret Lampton, 13, 21, 28
Clemens, Mollie, 50–51, 62, 80, 83, 91, 95–96, 106, 115, 153, 311, 371, 386, 417
Clemens, Olivia Louise (Livy) Langdon, 25, 138, 146, 149–53, 157–58, 160, 162–63, 167–69, 172–73, 175–77, 181, 185–86, 195, 197, 199, 220, 228, 233, 235, 240, 244, 264, 267, 273–74, 276, 281, 313–14, 316–17, 324, 335, 339, 342–46, 351, 353–56, 358–59, 365, 368, 371, 373, 380, 403, 405, 407, 411, 417, 427
death, 417–18, 421–22
disapproval of attack on missionaries, 400–1
loss of conventional religious belief, 159, 175
medical problems, 149, 170–71, 312, 318, 339–40, 343, 396, 408–11, 413, 416
Clemens, Olivia Susan (Susy), 6–7, 175, 186–87, 197, 241, 291–92, 299, 319–20, 334–36, 351–52, 357, 363–64, 368, 378
biography of Mark Twain, 187, 368–70
Bryn Mawr, 313–14, 331–33, 369–70
death, 18, 360, 365–74, 377, 392, 409, 417–18, 421, 423, 427
medical problems, 318, 343, 353, 396
Clemens, Orion, 1–2, 5, 13, 29–41, 44–48, 50–52, 58, 62, 68, 74–77, 79–80, 82, 85, 90–91, 94–95, 98, 106, 115, 135, 146, 148, 172–73, 175, 195, 203, 232–33, 259, 271, 277, 307, 311, 317, 326, 335, 344, 354, 371–72, 384, 394, 417
basis of fiction, 235, 425
death, 383, 386, 389
political office in Nevada Territory, 33, 71, 94–95, 341
Clemens, Pamela Ann. See Moffett, Pamela Ann
Clemens, Pleasant Hannibal, 13
Clemens, Samuel B. (grandfather), 11
Clemens, Samuel Langhorne: anti-imperialism, 362, 392–93, 400–2
autobiography, 397, 425
Bible, 155–56, 245
boxing, 339–40
Catholic Church, 297–98, 302
Christian Science, 396, 426
Civil War, 67–73
Code, Duello, 97–98
death, 429
early fiction, 35–43
English aristocracy, 196, 199, 300
first public speech, 51–52
the French, 170, 240–42
Hawaii, 110–17
honorary degrees, 310, 403, 407, 423
insanity plea, 167–68, 190
inventions, 195, 232, 273
investments, 418
jury system, 167, 190
lecture tours, 173–77, 202, 262–64, 289, 349, 356–64
as “Mark Twain,” 60, 91
Michelangelo, 143
miscegenation hoax, 96–99
Mormons, 77–78
Native Americans, 75, 78–79
pessimism, 360, 417, 426
piloting, 55–61, 66
race, 47–48, 51, 68, 280–82, 284, 324–25, 363
slavery, 16–17, 113–14, 362
uniform edition of works, 354–55, 390
wedding, 168. See also “Works by Mark Twain” at end of index
Clemens, Will M., 394–95
“Homes of Mark Twain,” 394
Mark Twain: His Life and Work, 394
“The Mark Twain Story Book,” 394
Cleveland Herald, 138, 146, 160
Collier’s Weekly, 342, 426
Collins, Wilkie, 346
Colt Fire Arms Manufactory, 273
Comstock, Henry Tompkins Paige, 81
Conard, Lou, 153
Constitutional Party, 68
Conway, Moncure, 196, 220
Cooper, James Fenimore, 7, 78–79, 201–2, 345–51
The Deerslayer, 345, 347–48
The Pathfinder, 347–48
The Pioneers, 347–48
The Prairie, 347
Precaution, 201
The Spy, 201
Corbett, “Gentleman Jim,” 340
Cord, Mary Ann, 209
Cosmopolitan, 341–42, 396
Cox, James M., 298, 431
Crane, Stephen, 399
Maggie, Girl of the Streets, 399
Crane, Susan L., 168–69, 187, 311, 316, 318–19, 334, 336, 338, 357, 417, 419
Crane, Theodore W., 187, 311, 313
Critic, 295, 350
Cutter, Bloodgood Haviland, 139, 142
Daggett, Rollin M., 88, 276
The Legends and Myths of Hawaii, 276
Daly, Augustan, 318
Danbury (Connecticut) News, 176
Danbury News Man, 109, 267
Darwin, Charles, 108, 244–45
The Descent of Man, 245
Origin of Species, 245
Dawson, John D., 25
Denny, Colonel William R., 139
Densmore, Gilbert B., 204–7, 210
De Quille, Dan, 88, 90–92, 95–97
Derby, George Horatio, 106, 109, 234
De Voto, Bernard, 3, 96, 218, 224, 272
Mark Twain in Eruption, 272
Dickens, Charles, 150
David Copperfield, 150
Dickinson, Anna E., 164
Dickinson, Emily, 154, 160, 177
Dixon, Thomas, 323
The Clansman, 323
Dodge, Mary Mapes, 334
Dolby, George, 198–99
Dolmetsch, Carl, 377
Doubleday, Frank, 400
Douglass, Frederick, 138, 217, 282
Dowden, Edward, 333, 349
Doyle, Arthur Conan, 403
The Hound of the Baskervilles, 403
Dreiser, Theodore, 7, 79, 178, 323–24, 330, 337–38, 343, 382, 397, 399–400, 428
The Financier, 337
“Nigger Jeff,” 323–24
Sister Carrie, 7, 111, 330, 399–400, 428
Dryden, John, 349
Duncan, Charles C., 131–32, 286
Dunne, Finley Peter, 267
Eddy, Mary Baker, 396, 426
Edison, Thomas, 119, 179, 251
Edward VII, King, 221, 298
Eggleston, Edward, 267
Eliot, T. S., 213
The Four Quartets, 213
Emerson, Edward, 228, 255
Emerson in Concord, 228
Emerson, Ellen, 228
Emerson, Ralph Waldo, 3, 7, 26, 111, 118, 133, 141, 177, 190, 221–23, 225–30, 233, 241, 249, 254–55, 354, 360, 371
“Circles,” 360
“The Comic,” 3, 228, 371
“Divinity School Address,” 133, 225, 254
“Experience,” 360
“Napoleon: The Man of the World,” 133
Nature, 254
Representative Men, 133
“Terminus,” 133
Everett, Edward, 68
Fairbanks, Abel, 138, 146, 155, 160
Fairbanks, Mary Mason, 116, 138, 142, 148–49, 154, 156–58, 160, 168, 176, 187, 195, 227, 229, 250, 299, 331–32, 419
Fanning, Philip Ashley, 33
Farnham Typesetter Company, 270
Fatout, Paul, 118
Faude, Wilson H., 181
Faulkner, William, 96
Ferguso
n, De Lancey, 15, 183
Fern, Fanny. See Parton, Sara
Field, Eugene, 267
Fields, James T., 182
Finn, Jimmy, 24, 168
Fitzgerald, F. Scott, 96
Ford, Darius R., 166
Franklin, Benjamin, 30, 35, 40, 46–47, 49, 51
“Silence Dogood,” 35
Frazer, Laura Hawkins. See Hawkins, Laura
Fredonia Watch Company, 271
Freud, Sigmund, 385
Civilization and Its Discontents, 385
Interpretation of Dreams, 385
Frohman, Daniel, 311
Frost, A. B., 18
Fry, J. C., 52
Fuller, Frank, 77, 134, 147, 373
Gabrilowitsch, Nina Clemens, 430–31
Gabrilowitsch, Ossip, 378, 408, 427
Galaxy, 40, 42, 62, 164, 166–70, 172, 189
Galton, Francis, 320
Fingerprints, 320
Garland, Hamlin, 312
Main-Travelled Roads, 312
Garth, John, 22
George, Henry, 307
Progress and Poverty, 307
Gerber, John, 218
Gerhardt, Karl, 275, 280, 290
Gibson, William, 139
Gilder, Jeannette, 294
Gilder, Joseph, 294
Gilder, Richard Watson, 289, 294, 345, 421
Gillette, William Hooker, 119, 179–81
Gillis, Jim, 88, 102
Gillis, Bill, 88, 101
Gillis, Steve, 88, 98, 101–2
Glyn, Elinor, 402
Godwin, Mary Wollstonecraft, 333
Goethe, Johann Wolfgang von, 233
Faust, 233
Goggin, Pamela, 11
Golden Era, 95, 101–2, 204
Goldsmith, Oliver, 103
Goodman, Joseph T., 88, 91, 93, 95, 98, 100, 145, 173, 408
Gould, Jay, 298
Grant, Buck. See Grant, Ulysses S Jr.
Grant, Frederick D., 290, 293
Grant, Jesse, 275
Grant, Julia Dent, 292
Grant, Ulysses S, 68, 70–71, 73–75, 83, 105, 203, 217, 224, 245, 260, 271–73, 285, 290–95, 312
Personal Memoirs of U. S. Grant, 70, 73, 271–73, 275, 285, 294–95, 343
Grant, Ulysses S Jr., 291
Gray, David, 265
Greeley, Horace, 204
Greer, Frederick H., 139
Griffin, George, 187, 286
Grimes, Absalom, 68
Grosh, Eathan Allen, 81
Grosh, Hosea Ballou, 81
Guthrie, James B., 258
Hall, Fred A., 275–76, 318–21, 324, 334–35, 343–44, 359–60
Hancock, Simon, 11
Hannibal Tri-Weekly Messenger, 40
Harlan, James, 148
Harper, J. Henry, 321, 340
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