The Wonga Coup
Page 29
move to South Africa 15–16, 47–8
and Calil 57, 57–60, 59–60, 134, 207–8, 285
‘confession’ 104–5, 117, 121, 134, 140, 160–61, 201–2, 267, 285
and Forsyth 36
and Merz 128
and Morgan 86, 92, 93, 111, 120, 126, 130, 162, 164, 165, 206, 207, 242
and Moto 57, 59–63, 76–8, 88, 89, 105, 117
other business projects 13, 15, 69–70, 103, 104, 105, 106, 117, 124, 169, 215
and Steyl 3, 65, 78, 93–4, 106, 110, 164–6, 173–4
and Thatcher 111, 114, 122, 158, 172, 175, 207–9, 210–11, 242–4, 251, 266, 269, 273, 285
and du Toit 69, 70, 90–92, 106–7, 129, 149–51, 162, 195
and Greg Wales 57, 80–81, 295
Wonga Coup plot:
arrest, trial and imprisonment 181–2, 186–9, 201–2, 206–11, 212, 214–20, 233–4, 256, 260–61, 266, 269, 273, 277–91
financing 103–5, 111, 115, 121, 124–5, 163–4, 171, 266
implementation 159–82, 186–9, 201–2, 206–11
preparations 60, 73, 75–8, 83, 90–93, 101, 103–10, 129–30, 134–8, 157–8, 207, 264–7
weapons 147–53, 175–6
Mann, Crossman and Paulin brewery 3
Manyame military base xiv–xvi
Marathon (oil company) 53, 228–9, 263
Masiwa, Efriam 178
Matheus, Bonifatius 235
Matias, Neves 73, 131, 257
Mauritania 275
Mazanga, Kashama 131, 160, 188, 256, 257
Mba, Nguema 173
Mbeki, Thabo 158, 176–7
attitude to Wonga Coup (alleged and forecast) 138, 169, 265
and Obiang 172–3, 221
and Baroness Thatcher 248–9
Médecins Sans Frontières 52
Mena 166, 174
mercenaries 7–8, 129, 232, 247
see also Angola; South Africa
Merz, Gerhard xi, 127–8
and Wonga Coup plot 107, 127–8, 157, 159, 173, 193, 199–200, 238
Meteoric Tactical Solutions 144
Mico, Placido 239–40
Middle East 53
see also Saudi Arabia
Military Committee for Liberation (Equatorial Guinea) 237
Military Professional Resources, Incorporated (MPRI) 84
Military Technical Services (MTS) 69–70, 116, 130, 144
mineral and hydrocarbon resources see gas; oil
Mobil Corp 50
Molteno, Alex 159, 161, 173–4, 183–5
Monaco 252, 273
Mongomo 37–8, 95
Moratinos, Miguel Angel 270
Morgan, Nigel (Nosher, Captain Pig, NM) x, 68
Congo operation 68–9, 73, 129
interviews with the author 293
and Mann 86, 92, 111, 120, 126, 162, 164, 165, 206, 207, 242
on moustaches 66, 143–4
and Thatcher 111, 120, 242–4, 248, 251, 269
and Wonga Coup plot 86, 92–3, 126, 129, 135, 138, 139, 152, 162, 176, 265
aftermath 191, 202, 204, 206–8, 243–4, 248, 258, 268–9, 293
Moroccan presidential guard (Equatorial Guinea) xvi, 108, 109
Morocco 29
Moto, Severo (SM) 36, 45, 281
biography xi, 60–63, 270–71
coup attempt (1997) 61–2, 67
and Mann 57, 59–63, 76–8, 88, 89, 105, 117
and Obiang 59, 60–62, 89
South Africa and 140, 265
Spain and 62, 88, 134, 139–40, 270, 270–71
and Wonga Coup plot 63, 76–7, 79, 88–9, 94, 108–9, 135, 159, 161, 178, 183–4, 190, 191, 195, 202–3, 204, 215, 236, 239, 253, 264–5, 271, 290, 292
Motu, Pedro 43
Moussambani, Eric (Eric the Eel) 46
Moyo, Jonathan 278
Moyo, Moses 255
Mozambique 146
Mudenge, Stan 201
Mugabe, Robert 148, 177, 213, 221, 260, 274, 277–8, 280
Muhammed, General Murtala 23
Murphy, Alan 34, 35
Muscat 113
Mutasa, Nhamo 182
Mutize, Group Captain Hope 151, 175, 180, 182, 187
N
Namco Diamonds 69
Namibia 9, 122–3, 142, 163, 190
Naria, Apollo 261
Ndola 161
Netu 73–4
Neves see Matias, Neves
Newsweek 99
Ngcuka, Bulelani 158
Nguema family 20, 40, 136, 223–4, 228–30, 236
and drugs 45
dynastic rule and succession to Obiang 95, 270, 272–3
wealth of 52, 223–4, 228, 230
Nguema, Brigadier Antonion Nchuema 161
Nguema, Armengol xi, 45, 61, 71–2, 109, 229
and Wonga Coup plot 71, 136, 190, 205, 237
see also Toit, Nicolaas du
Nguema, Fabian Nsue 43
Nguema, Gabriel Mbegha 96–7, 172–3, 178, 272
Nguema, Macias xi, 20
dictatorship and overthrow 20–24, 29–30, 32, 37–40, 224
Nguema, Obiang:
during Macias’s dictatorship 37–8, 40–41
during Mann’s trial 282–3, 284
and Mugabe 280
and oil industry 50, 52, 53, 83, 95–6, 223, 228, 272
as president 39–46, 50, 60, 62, 63, 71, 88, 91, 95–7, 109, 140, 169, 172–3, 205, 221–2, 224–6, 259–61, 263, 269–73
profile and biography xi, 40–42, 50–51, 60, 96–7, 263, 270
UK appeal court judgment 267
US bank accounts and business interests 169, 222–4, 225, 229
in USA 169, 262
and Wonga Coup plot 135, 178, 198, 205, 215–16, 259
Nguema, Teodorin xi, 44, 45, 51–2, 61, 96–7, 109, 270, 272
Nicky see Toit, Nick du
Niek see Toit, Nick du
Nigeria 58, 125
Archer and 170
civil war 8, 26, 28, 30, 32
corruption and poverty 50–51, 228, 263
and Equatorial Guinea 21, 23, 192
oil and gas industry 49, 51–2, 54, 62, 227, 228
and Sao Tome coup 72
Wonga Coup plotters and 83, 86, 140, 265
Nik see Toit, Nick du
Northern Ireland:
film about 15, 48
Mann and 5, 15, 48
Norway 274
Nosher see Morgan, Nigel Nsue, Constancia Mangue (Obiang’s wife) 223–4, 228, 230
Nyembo, K. S. 71
O
Obiang see Nguema, Obiang
Obono, Jose Olo 247
O’Brian, Patrick 48
oil see Africa; oil companies and under countries’ names
oil companies 6, 49–51, 52–4, 221, 226–31, 263, 274
and Equatorial Guinea 46, 49–51, 52–4, 95–6, 178, 221, 223, 224, 226–31, 263, 265, 269, 292
Oil Slick see Wales, Greg
Ojukwu, Odumegwu Emeka 30, 32
Olympic Games (Sydney) 46
Omega 71
Omnipol 33
Ona, General Augustin Ndong 44, 97
Operation Antara 287
Operation Red Dog 99, 101
Oxfam 147
P
Page, Henry xii, 98, 104, 194, 195, 204, 207, 214–16, 238, 246, 267–9, 295
Pain, Ken 168, 188, 218, 255–6
Pain, Marge 255–6
Palacio, Ana 141
Pan African Airlines and Trading Company (PANAC) 107, 127, 130
PANAC see Pan African Airlines and Trading Company
Papua New Guinea 12
Passaco, Domingo 73
PDD (Congo) 70–71, 151, 153, 160
Peg Leg see Smith, Johann
Penningtons 246, 267 see also Page, Henry
Perdue, Michael 99
Pienaar, Ivan 110, 143, 166, 175, 202, 257
Pig, Captain see Morgan, Nigel
Pinochet, Augusto 222–3, 224
pirate
fishing 89
Placer Gold mine 15
Playa Negra see Black Beach
PNC Financial Services 224–5
Pol Pot 22
Polokwane 157, 159, 180
Pomfret 14, 132–3, 234, 253–4, 256–7, 293
Prez, Louis du 169, 214, 218, 257
Progress Party (Equatorial Guinea) 61
R
Radio Asonga 44
Ranger 6
Regulation of Foreign Military
Assistance Act see Foreign Military Assistance (Regulation of) Act
Reporters Without Borders 44
Repsol 270
Republic of Congo see Congo, Republic of
Revolutionary United Front (Sierra Leone) 12
Rhodes, Cecil 82
Ribeiro, Americo 91, 193, 239, 241
Rice, Condoleezza 262, 270
Riggs Bank 169, 222–4, 228, 263
Roman, Tim 175–6
Roslyn Joy 91, 93, 107
Royal Bank of Scotland 215
Royal Institute of International Affairs see Chatham House
Ruakuluka, Maitre (Celeste) 257
Russia 67
S
SADF see South African Defence Force
Sala, Joe 81
Saleh, Salim 147
Samukange, Jonathan ix, 149
and Wonga Coup plotters’ detention and trial 188–9, 207–8, 211, 212–16, 219, 233–4, 260, 279
Sanderson, Scott 26
Sandline International 12, 13
Santos, Eduardo dos 85
Sao Tome and Principe 72, 274
coup of 2003 72–3, 76, 95, 292
Sargoso, General 63, 184, 186
SAS (Special Air Service) 5, 6, 114
Sasol 114
Saudi Arabia 6, 113, 222
Savimbi, Jonas 11, 66
Schmidt, Mark 159, 178–9, 193, 239, 240–41
Scorpions 158, 244–5
Scratcher see Thatcher, Sir Mark Seychelles 8, 101, 103
Shakespeare, William 219
Shapoda, Felicia 235
Sierra Leone 13, 105
Executive Outcomes campaign in 11–12, 59
Sierra Leone Company 82
Smelly see Calil, Ely
Smith, Johann (Peg Leg) x, 66
and the author 277, 279
and du Toit 69
and Equatorial Guinea 67–8, 96, 274
and Moto 270–71
and Thatcher 111, 242
and Wonga Coup plot 72–4, 82, 92, 93, 121, 126–7, 129, 132, 135–6, 141, 199, 207, 258, 261, 265, 268, 292
Somalia 82
Sonage 91
South Africa:
and Equatorial Guinea 139, 172–3, 176–7, 205, 221, 236, 272
and Executive Outcomes 13–14, 47
and Mann 47, 253, 257, 261, 273
and mercenaries 13–14, 47, 103, 177, 233, 247–8, 253, 256, 257–8, 275
see also Foreign Military Assistance (Regulation of) Act
and Moto 140, 265
and Obiang 139, 172–3, 176–7, 205, 221, 272
and Wonga Coup plot 86, 92, 93, 122, 125–6, 135, 136–9, 140, 143, 152, 158–9, 160, 162, 169, 171, 172, 175, 176–7, 187, 194, 202, 206, 208–10, 233, 242–6, 257–8, 269, 273, 275
South African Defence Force (SADF) 127
South African Secret Service (SASS) 121
South America 15
Southern Cameroonian
Liberation Front 271
Soweto 146
Soyo 6, 8–10
Spain:
and 1973 coup attempt (Equatorial Guinea) 27, 28–30
colonial history/colonialism 19, 62, 141
and Equatorial Guinea 19–20, 21, 22, 41, 44, 50, 62, 89, 140–41, 161, 204, 221, 270–71
Madrid bombing and 2004
election 204–5
and Moto 62, 88, 134, 139–40, 270, 270–1
and oil 50, 62–3
and Wonga Coup plot 79, 139–41, 143, 161, 175, 178, 184, 190, 191, 195, 204, 266, 281
Special Air Service (UK) see SAS
Special Branch (UK) 25, 29, 34
Spicer, Tim 12, 48, 92, 136
Stanley, Henry Morton 19, 103
Steyl, Crause xi, 11, 64, 232
and Executive Outcomes 11, 64, 94
and Mann 3, 65, 78, 93–4, 106, 110, 164–6, 173–4
and Thatcher 114–15, 117–18, 121, 122, 242–3, 247, 251, 252
and Wonga Coup plot:
aftermath 202, 203, 204, 232–3, 243, 247, 249, 252, 257, 269, 279
implementation 159, 161, 164–5, 173–4, 179, 183–6, 189, 190
preparations 64–5, 80, 90, 93–5, 108–10, 121, 123, 124, 134–5, 140, 143, 144, 147, 183
Steyl, Johann 167, 191
Steyl, Niel ix, 167–8, 259
and Wonga Coup plot 137–8, 167–9, 174, 179, 180–81, 186–8, 190
aftermath 190, 191, 201, 217–20, 221, 234, 259, 279
Steyl, Piet 233, 234, 243, 279
Stirling, David 6
Straw, Jack 136
‘student funds’ 228
Sudan 59, 116–17, 147
Sunday Telegraph 125, 195
Sunday Times 31–2, 34, 100
Suriname 98–9
Systems Design Limited 124, 215
T
Tchimuishi, Cecilia and Viviana 132–3, 235
Tchimuishi, Eduardo 132–3, 235
Tembo, Paul 150
Thatcher, Carol 112, 247
Thatcher, Sir Denis 112, 114, 119
Thatcher, Diane 113, 243, 248, 252, 273
Thatcher, Baroness (Margaret) 68, 111–12, 113, 114, 115, 119, 120
and Mark’s arrest 246, 247, 248
Mbeki and 248–9
Thatcher, Sir Mark (Scratcher):
arrest and conviction 237, 242–53, 273
biography x, 111–14, 119, 209, 242, 252, 264, 273
and Calil 120, 242
interviews with the author 113, 114, 122, 293
and Mann 111, 114, 122, 158, 172, 175, 207–9, 210–11, 242–4, 251, 266, 269, 273, 285
and Morgan 111, 120, 242–4, 251, 269
and Smith 111, 242
and Steyl 114–15, 117–18, 121, 122, 169, 242, 251
and du Toit 116, 121, 237, 242–3, 251
and Wonga Coup plotters 111, 112, 113, 114–16, 120–23, 158, 204, 207–9, 242–3, 286
32 Battalion (South African army) 9, 10, 66, 68, 72–4, 95, 110, 126–7, 129, 132–3, 256, 261, 262
Tiga-Eiri 128
Toit, Belinda du 91, 145, 195, 239, 260
Toit, Nicolaas du (Niek, Nicky, Nik, NDT):
and Armengol Nguema 89, 90, 97, 190, 205, 237
biography xi, 69–70
and Equatorial Guinea 70–72, 73, 89, 90–91, 106–8, 173
and Mann 69, 90–92, 129, 195, 281
and Merz 127–8
and Thatcher 116, 121, 237, 238, 251
and Wonga Coup plot:
arrest, trial and imprisonment 189–90, 193–8, 232, 235–9, 246, 247, 259–60, 268–9, 273
implementation 159, 162, 164, 174, 178, 189–90, 193–8
preparations 86, 90, 91–2, 101, 106–8, 126, 128, 130, 134–5, 141–2, 143–5, 157–8, 238, 265
weapons 147–53
and Zimbabwe 148–52, 265
Total 54
see also Elf-Acquitaine
toxic waste 45
Transparency International 52, 228
Tremain, David xi, 14, 121
and Wonga Coup plot 92, 104, 159, 161, 171, 173–4, 183–4, 238, 243, 253–4, 257, 296
Triple Options Trading (Equatorial Guinea) 89, 90, 106, 107, 251
Triple Options Trading 610 CC (South Africa) 90
Triton (oil company) 228–9
U
Uganda 64–5, 94, 108, 146, 147
Unita (Uniao Nacional para la Independencia Total de Angola) 6, 8–11, 66
United Kingdom see Britain United Nations 141, 227
Un
ited States of America 73, 81, 99
and African oil and gas 46, 49, 52–3, 226
and Armengol Nguema 71
banking regulation 222–4, 263
and Equatorial Guinea 44–5, 62, 81, 83, 84, 169, 222–5, 226–7, 230, 269–70
Guantanamo Bay 236
and Merz 127, 200
and Obiang 169, 222–5, 261, 268, 269–70
and Mark Thatcher 252, 273
and Wonga Coup plot 139, 185, 225, 268
Wonga Coup plotters and 81, 83–4, 86, 88, 134, 167, 174, 185, 264
USA see United States of America
USSR 22, 23, 33
V
Vanco (oil company) 228
Vanity Fair 242, 250
Verona Holdings Limited 106
W
Wachovia Bank 169
Wade, Abdoulaye 58
Wales, Greg (Oil Slick, Charles
Burrows, GW) 68
biography xii, 78
and Mann 57, 80–81, 295
and Moto and Obiang 78–9, 81, 134, 270–71, 295
and Thatcher 115, 119–200, 204, 286
and Wonga Coup plot:
aftermath 203, 204, 207, 209–11, 215, 243, 253–4, 257, 273, 295
implementation 159, 161, 167, 173–4, 183–4, 187
preparations 78–86, 88, 92, 104, 108, 115, 123, 134, 136, 142, 149, 171, 173–4, 265, 295
writings:
‘Assisted Regime Change’ 79–80, 117
Bight of Benin Company document 82–6, 115
novel on a coup attempt 295–6
Walken, Christopher 31
Walter International 50
weapons see arms trade; Wonga Coup plot
Westhuizen, Henry van der 70, 109, 134, 137, 138, 147–8, 158
Wheeldon, Ron 117, 120, 244, 246, 248, 251
Whelan, Theresa 81, 84
White’s club 4, 6
Wild Geese, The 7
Wilford, Commander Derek 15
Witherspoon, Simon x, 144–5
and Wonga Coup plot 144–5, 160, 169, 174–5, 202, 257, 269
Wolfowitz, Paul 269
Wonderboom airport 108–9, 159, 166–7, 179
wonga i, 210–11
Wonga Coup plot:
contracts 75–7, 117, 130, 134, 145
dry run 134–5, 143
finances and financiers 103–7, 111, 115, 122–3, 124–5, 169–71, 215, 235, 238, 253–4, 266, 267
footsoldiers (see also recruitment below) 159, 161, 163, 169, 174–5, 179–80, 188, 212, 214, 216–17, 233–40, 234, 253–4, 255–7, 293
genesis and motivation 36, 63–5, 68, 238
implementation xiv–xvi, 157–91, 292
informers and leaks 136–8, 141–2, 265–6
and Moto 63, 76–7, 79, 84–6, 88–9, 94, 108–9, 135, 159, 161, 178, 183–4, 190, 191, 195, 202–3, 204, 215, 236, 239, 253, 264–5, 271, 292
plans for post-coup
arrangements 76–87, 91, 106, 108, 143
preparations 68–74, 75–87, 88–110, 238, 264–7
recruitment 129–33, 136, 142, 143–6
retrospective views 103, 164, 167, 238, 264–7, 276