Bloomsbury's Outsider

by Sarah Knights

  While every effort has been made to contact copyright holders of all material reproduced in this book, if I have inadvertently omitted any, please contact the publishers who will be pleased to provide acknowledgement in future editions.

  Select Bibliography

  David Garnett: Fiction

  Burke, Leda [pseudo.] Dope Darling (London: T. Werner Laurie, 1919)

  Lady into Fox (London: Chatto & Windus, 1922)

  A Man in the Zoo (London: Chatto & Windus, 1924)

  The Sailor’s Return (London: Chatto & Windus, 1925)

  Go She Must (London: Chatto & Windus, 1927)

  The Old Dovecote and Other Stories (London: Elkin Mathews & Marrot, 1928)

  No Love (London: Chatto & Windus, 1929)

  The Grasshoppers Come (London: Chatto & Windus, 1931)

  Pocahontas or the Nonparell of Virginia (London: Chatto & Windus, 1933)

  Beany-Eye (London: Chatto & Windus, 1935)

  A Net for Venus (London: Longman, 1951)

  Aspects of Love (London: Chatto & Windus, 1955)

  A Shot in the Dark (London: Longmans, 1958)

  Two by Two (London: Longmans, 1963)

  Ulterior Motives (London: Longmans, 1965)

  A Clean Slate (London: Hamish Hamilton, 1971)

  The Sons of the Falcon (London: Macmillan, 1972)

  Plough Over the Bones (London: Macmillan, 1973)

  Purl & Plain & Other Stories (London: Macmillan, 1973)

  The Master Cat: The True and Unexpurgated Story of Puss in Boots (London: Macmillan, 1974)

  Up She Rises (London: Macmillan, 1977)

  David Garnett: Non-Fiction

  The Battle of Britain: August–October 1940 (London: HMSO, 1941)

  The Battle of Britain, abridged by permission from the Air Ministry Account of the Great Days, August to October 1940 (Puffin Picture Book, Harmondsworth/New York: Penguin Books [1941])

  War in the Air: September 1939–May 1941 (London: Chatto & Windus, 1941)

  The Campaign in Greece and Crete (London: HMSO, 1942)

  The Secret History of PWE: The Political Warfare Executive 1939–1945, with an introduction by Andrew Roberts (London: St Ermin’s Press, 2002)

  David Garnett: Autobiography & Memoirs

  A Rabbit in the Air (London: Chatto & Windus, 1932)

  ‘War Victims’ Relief’ in Julian Bell, ed., We Did Not Fight: 1914–18 Experiences of War Resisters (London: Cobden-Sanderson, 1935)

  The Golden Echo (London: Chatto & Windus, 1953)

  The Flowers of the Forest (London: Chatto & Windus, 1955)

  The Familiar Faces (London: Chatto & Windus, 1962)

  The White/Garnett Letters, edited with a preface by David Garnett (London: Jonathan Cape, 1968)

  Great Friends: Portraits of Seventeen Writers (London: Macmillan, 1979)

  Works by Other Authors

  Baldick, Chris, The Modern Movement: Volume 10: 1910–1940 (Oxford: Oxford University Press 2004)

  Bates, H E, Edward Garnett (London: Parrish, 1950)

  Baynes Jansen, Diana, Jung’s Apprentice: A Biography of Helton Godwin Baynes (Einsiedeln: Daimon Verlag, 2003)

  Bell, Anne Olivier, (ed.), The Diaries of Virginia Woolf 1915–1935 (London: Hogarth Press, 1976–82)

  Bell, Julian, ed., We Did Not Fight: 1914–18 Experiences of War Resisters (London: Cobden-Sanderson, 1935)

  Bell, Quentin, Bloomsbury (London: Weidenfeld & Nicolson, 1968)

  Bell, Quentin, and Virginia Nicholson, Charleston: A Bloomsbury House and Garden (New York: Henry Holt Company, 1997)

  Bradbury, Malcolm, and James McFarlane (eds), Modernism 1890–1930 (London: Penguin, 1991)

  Cave, Roderic, The Private Press (London: R.R. Bowker Company, second edition revised and enlarged, 1983)

  Chisholm, Anne, Frances Partridge: The Biography (London: Weidenfeld & Nicolson, 2009)

  Crawford, Fred D., Richard Aldington and Lawrence of Arabia: A Cautionary Tale (Carbondale and Edwardsville, IL: Southern Illinois University Press, 1998)

  Cruickshank, Charles, The Fourth Arm: Psychological Warfare 1938–1945 (London: Davis-Poynter, 1977)

  Curtis, Anthony, Lit Ed: On Reviewing and Reviewers (Manchester: Carcanet, 1998)

  Curtiss, Mina, Other People’s Letters: A Memoir (Houghton Mifflin, 1978; London: Macmillan, 1978)

  Dakers, Caroline, The Countryside at War 1914–18 (London: Constable, 1987)

  Deghy, Guy, and Keith Waterhouse, Café Royal: Ninety Years of Bohemia (London: Hutchinson, 1955)

  DeGroot, Gerard J., Blighty: British Society in the Era of the Great War (London: Longman, 1996)

  Delany, Paul, The Neo-Pagans: Friendship and Love in the Rupert Brooke Circle (London: Macmillan, 1987)

  Dreyfus, John, A History of the Nonesuch Press (London: Nonesuch Press, 1981)

  Farjeon, Eleanor, Edward Thomas: The Last Four Years (Oxford University Press 1958; paperback edition 1979)

  Feather, John, A History of British Publishing (London: Croom Helm, 1988)

  Gardiner, Juliet, The Thirties: An Intimate History (London: Harper Press, 2010)

  Garnett, Angelica, Deceived with Kindness: A Bloomsbury Childhood (London: Chatto & Windus, 1984)

  Garnett, Richard, Constance Garnett: A Heroic Life (London: Sinclair-Stevenson, 1991)

  Garnett, Richard, ed., Sylvia & David: The Townsend Warner/Garnett Letters (London: Sinclair-Stevenson, 1994)

  Goodall, Felicity, A Question of Conscience: Conscientious Objection in the Two World Wars (Stroud: Sutton Publishing, 1997)

  Harman, Claire, Sylvia Townsend Warner: A Biography (London: Chatto & Windus, 1989; Minerva edition 1991)

  Harris, Pippa, ed., Song of Love: The Letters of Rupert Brooke and Noel Olivier, 1909–1915 (New York: Crown, 1991)

  Hewison, Robert, Under Siege: Literary Life in London 1939–45 (London: Weidenfeld & Nicolson, 1977)

  Holroyd, Michael, Lytton Strachey (London: William Heinemann 1967 and 1968; revised edition, Chatto & Windus, paperback, 1994)

  Holroyd, Michael, ed., Lytton Strachey by Himself (London: William Heinemann, 1971; Abacus, 2005)

  Hyams, Edward, The New Statesman: The History of the First Fifty Years 1913–1963 (London: Longmans, 1963)

  James, Lawrence, Raj: The Making and Unmaking of British India (London: Little, Brown, 1997)

  Jones, Nigel, Rupert Brooke: Life, Death & Myth (London: Richard Cohen Books, 1999)

  Jefferson, George, Edward Garnett: A Life in Literature (London: Cape, 1982)

  Johnson, Barry C., ed., Tea and Anarchy! The Bloomsbury Diary of Olive Garnett 1890–1893 (London: Bartletts Press, 1989)

  Johnson, Barry C., ed., Olive and Stepniak: the Bloomsbury Diary of Olive Garnett (1893–1895) (Birmingham: Bartletts Press, 1993)

  Kohn, Marek, Dope Girls: The Birth of the British Drug Underground (London: Lawrence & Wishart, 1992)

  Kynaston, David, Austerity Britain 1945–51 (London: Bloomsbury, 2007)

  Lee, Hermione, Virginia Woolf (London: Chatto & Windus, 1996)

  Levy, Paul, ed., The Letters of Lytton Strachey (London: Viking, 2005)

  Marler, Regina, ed., Selected Letters of Vanessa Bell, introduction by Quentin Bell (London: Bloomsbury Publishing, 1993, paperback 1994)

  Marler, Regina, Bloomsbury Pie: The Making of the Bloomsbury Boom (London: Virago Press, 1997)

  May, Betty, Tiger Woman: My Story (London: Duckworth, 1929)

  Meisel, Perry and Walter Kendrick, eds, Bloomsbury/Freud: The Letters of James and Alix Strachey (1924–1925) (London: Chatto & Windus, 1986)

  Meynell, Francis, My Lives (London: Bodley Head, 1971)

  Meynell, Francis, A.J.A. Symons and D. Flower, eds, The Nonesuch Century: An Appraisal, a Personal Note … 1923–1934 (London: Nonesuch Press, 1936)

  Moorehead, Caroline, Troublesome People: Enemies of War 1916–1986 (London: Hamish Hamilton, 1987)

  Nicholson, Virginia, Among the Bohemians: Experiments in Living 1900–1939 (London: Viking, 2002)
/>
  Nicolson, Nigel, and Joanne Trautmann, eds, The Letters of Virginia Woolf, vols 2–6 (London: Hogarth Press, 1976–80)

  Overy, Richard, The Morbid Age: Britain between the Wars (London: Allen Lane, 2009)

  Partridge, Frances, A Pacifist’s War (London: Hogarth Press, 1978; Robin Clark paperback, 1983)

  Partridge, Frances, Memories (London: Victor Gollancz, 1981)

  Partridge, Frances, Everything to Lose: Diaries 1945–1960 (London: Victor Gollancz, 1985)

  Partridge, Frances, Hanging On: Diaries 1960–1963 (London: William Collins, 1990)

  Partridge, Frances, Other People: Diaries 1963–1966 (London: HarperCollins, 1993)

  Partridge, Frances, Good Company: Diaries 1967–1970 (London: HarperCollins, 1994)

  Partridge, Frances, Life Regained: Diaries 1970–1972 (London: Weidenfeld & Nicolson, 1998)

  Partridge, Frances, Ups and Downs: Diaries 1972–1975 (London: Weidenfeld & Nicolson, 2001)

  Pugh, Martin, We Danced All Night: A Social History of Britain between the Wars (London: Bodley Head, 2008)

  Seymour, Miranda, Ottoline Morrell: Life on a Grand Scale (London: Hodder & Stoughton, 1992)

  Skidelsky, Robert, John Maynard Keynes: Economist, Philosopher, Statesman (London: Macmillan, 2003)

  Smith, Adrian, The New Statesman: Portrait of a Political Weekly 1913–1931 (London: Frank Cass, 1996)

  Spalding, Frances, Vanessa Bell (London: George Weidenfeld & Nicolson, 1983)

  Spalding, Frances, Duncan Grant (London: Chatto & Windus, 1997)

  Spender, Stephen, World Within World (London: Hamish Hamilton, 1951)

  White, Jerry, London in the 20th Century (London: Viking, 2001)

  Worthen, John, D.H. Lawrence: The Early Years (1885–1912) (Cambridge University Press, 1991)

  Worthen, John, D.H. Lawrence: The Life of an Outsider (Allen Lane, 2005)

  Ziegler, Philip, London at War 1939–1945 (London: Sinclair-Stevenson, 1995)

  Ziegler, Philip, Rupert Hart-Davis: Man of Letters (London: Chatto & Windus, 2004)

  Reference Abbreviations

  AS-F

  Alix Sargant-Florence

  AVG

  Angelica Garnett

  Berg

  Berg Collection, New York Public Library

  BK-S

  Barbara Ker Seymer

  BL

  British Library

  Bodleian

  Bodleian Library, Oxford

  CG

  Constance Garnett

  DG

  David Garnett

  DHL

  D.H. Lawrence

  EG

  Edward Garnett

  EMH

  Nellie Heath

  Eton

  Eton School Library

  GLS

  Lytton Strachey

  HG

  Henrietta Garnett

  HRHC

  Harry Ransom Humanities Research Centre, University of Texas at Austin

  Imperial

  Imperial College Archives, London

  JDH

  John Hayward

  JMK

  John Maynard Keynes

  KCC

  King’s College, Cambridge

  Northwestern

  Northwestern University Library

  NS&N

  New Statesman and Nation

  pmk

  postmark

  Princeton

  Princeton University Library

  RAG

  Ray Garnett

  Reading

  Reading University Library

  RG

  Richard Garnett

  STW

  Sylvia Townsend Warner

  Sussex

  University of Sussex Library

  TEL

  T.E. Lawrence

  TGA

  Tate Gallery Archives

  THW

  T.H. White

  VB

  Vanessa Bell

  Material formerly belonging to the Estate of David Garnett was consulted at Hilton Hall, the former home of Garnett’s executor, Richard Garnett. Most of this is now at Northwestern University and cited as such.

  Index

  abortions, 247, 327, 378

  Abrahams, William, 464

  Ackland, Valentine, 443, 510

  Ackroyd, Peter, 531, 538

  Adamson, Lynn, 391

  Agar, Herbert, 398, 401

  Aiyar, V.V.S., 44–6

  Aldington, Richard, 414–16

  Allen, Clifford, 109

  Almgren, Antonia (‘Tony’), 58–9

  Andrews, Julie, 457, 492

  anti-Semitism, 322

  Appleton, Mrs, 343

  Asheham, 121–3

  Austen, Jane, 275

  Aylmer, Felix, 391

  Bagenal, Barbara, 86, 98, 111–12, 121–2, 133, 354, 367, 506, 549

  Baker, Lettice, 205

  Balfour, A.H., 135

  Ballet Rambert, 324

  Ballets Russes, 65

  Banting, John, 236, 278

  Barker, Margery, 439, 446, 448, 454–5

  Barnes, George, 380

  Barrie, J.M., 19, 174

  Bates, H.E., 6, 234, 238, 268, 376, 520

  Battle of the Marne, 94

  Bax, Arnold, 34

  Bax, Clifford, 34

  Baynes, Godwin, 34–6, 50–1, 59, 61, 67–8, 72–3, 107

  Baynes, Ruth, 34, 67, 87, 112

  Beacon Hill School, 258

  Beaton, Cecil, 288

  Bedales School, 127, 258

  bee-keeping, 114–15, 142, 377, 532

  Bell, Angelica, see Garnett, Angelica

  Bell, Clive, 79, 82, 105, 137, 370, 384, 408, 421, 423, 452

  and Angelica’s parentage, 316, 324, 353, 360, 553

  and conscientious objectors, 106–7, 114, 116

  death and legacy, 473–5

  Bell, Julian, 112, 124, 242, 267, 295, 298, 300, 334, 446

  his biography, 464

  death in Spain, 303, 309, 316, 327

  We Did Not Fight, 288

  Winter Movement, 245

  Bell, Julian, 434

  Bell, Olivier, 428, 432, 434, 467, 511, 520

  Bell, Quentin, 113, 124, 324, 427–8, 432, 434, 452, 467, 503, 507, 510–11, 520

  Bell, Tom, 541

  Bell, Vanessa, 79, 82, 87, 90, 98, 180, 202, 229, 289, 300, 303, 372, 379, 454

  and Angelica’s birth, 138–9, 164

  and art dealership project, 139

  and censorship of No Love, 235

  and conscientious objectors, 106, 110–13, 116, 119

  death, 452, 454

  and Deceived with Kindness, 553

  DG remembers, 520

  and DG’s marriage to Angelica, 351–3, 358, 360, 362, 452

  and DG’s memoirs, 408, 414, 421

  and DG’s relationship with Angelica, 304, 309–10, 312–13, 315–16, 318–21, 325, 327–8, 341–2

  and Heilbrun’s Garnett Family, 454

  and Hilton Hall, 195–6, 245

  her house in France, 223, 225

  her painting, 113

  relationship with DG and Duncan Grant, 84, 101–5, 124, 130–4, 136

  and Virginia Woolf’s suicide, 345

  Bell, Virginia, see Nicholson, Virginia

  Beltane School, 294

  Bennett, Arnold, 235

  Bergen, George, 244–5, 476, 492, 494–6

  Berlin, Isaiah, 212

  Betjeman, John, 288

  Betty May, 90–1, 93, 142–4, 155, 162

  and DG’s memoirs, 413–14

  her trust fund, 479

  ‘Bevin Boys’, 361–2

  Bingham, Henrietta, 181, 184–7, 190, 196, 371, 460

  Bingham, Robert Worth (‘Judge’), 185

  Birrell, Augustine, 72, 104, 146, 148, 150

  Birrell, Francis (Frankie), 72–4, 78, 81–2, 85, 87–8, 126, 212, 408, 556

  and art dealership project, 137, 140

  and Birrell & Garnett bookshop 141, 146–8,
150–1, 162, 170

  dedicatee of Plough Over the Bones, 530

  DG remembers, 520

  and DG’s marriage, 165, 513

  illness and death, 272, 283–4

  translates Plato, 183

  work with Quakers, 92–9, 104, 288

  Birrell & Garnett bookshop, 146–51, 170–1, 174, 176–7, 183, 192, 284, 377

  Bishop, Jonathan Peale, 491

  Black, Clara (née Patten), 4

  Black, David, 4

  Black, Ernest, 15

  Black, Minnie, 15

  Black, Peter, 4, 10, 540

  Black, Speedwell, 18

  Blake, William, 112, 175–6, 183

  Bloomsbury Group

  antipathy to marriage, 162, 165

  attractions for Bunny, 79, 83, 105, 326

  and biography, 464–5, 48–89, 497–8

  and Birrell & Garnett

  bookshop, 149, 151

  compulsion to honesty, 319, 464, 488

  and conscientious objectors, 106–7

  continuation of traditions, 393

  and DG’s memoirs, 421–3

  and homosexuality, 487–9, 497–8

  love of talk, 310

  and need for pretence, 344

  and parties, 211

  passing of old Bloomsbury values, 377

  and personal relationships, 202, 209