Haiti

  Haïti Intégrale (newspaper)

  Hakim-Rimpel, Yvonne

  Hanneken, Herman

  Harding, Warren

  Harlem Renaissance

  Harpers Ferry

  Harrison, Benjamin

  Hayne, Robert

  Hayti; or, The Black Republic (St. John)

  Haytian Agricultural Corporation

  Haytian Pineapple Company

  Hazard, Samuel

  health care

  Heart of Darkness (Conrad)

  Heinl, Robert

  Hérard, Rivière

  Hinche

  Hispaniola

  Holly, Joseph Theodore

  Hooker, Richard

  Horoscope (magazine)

  Hughes, Langston

  Hurbon, Laënnec

  hurricane of 1954

  Hyppolite, Florville

  indemnity

  to France

  to Germany

  to Haiti, by Trujillo

  Indépendance, L’ (ship)

  indigénism

  indigo

  International American Conference (1889)

  International Monetary Fund (IMF)

  Jacobins

  Jamaica

  Janvier, Louis-Joseph

  Jean-Joseph, Josaphat

  Jeannot

  Jeanty, Occide

  “1804”

  Jefferson, Thomas

  Jérémie killings

  Jeune Haïti

  John Paul II, Pope

  Johnson, James Weldon

  Johnson, Lyndon B.

  Jolibois, Joseph

  Joseph (Piquet leader)

  Kant, Immanuel

  Kennedy, John F.

  assassination of

  Killick, Hammerton

  Kingdom of Haiti

  Knox, Clinton

  Kongo region (Africa)

  Kreyòl language

  development of

  Dumesle poem in

  Haitian culture and

  official use of

  Roumain poem in

  Krome detention camp (Florida)

  laborers (field workers; agriculteurs). See also corvée labor; rural population

  attached to plantations

  Duvalier and emigrant

  forced

  HASCO and

  La Gravière, Jurian de

  lakou system

  land ownership

  cultural practices and

  expropriation and

  foreigners banned from

  foreign ban lifted

  reciprocal obligations of

  redistribution and

  state and

  whites banned from

  Lansing, Robert

  Lavalas Party

  League for the Maintenance of National Independence

  League of Nations

  Le Bon, Gustave

  Le Cap

  chair of medicine

  earthquake of 1842 and

  railroad and

  Leclerc, Victor Emmanuel

  Leconte, Cincinnatus

  left, the

  Léger, J. N.

  Légitime, François Denys

  Lehman Brothers

  Léogâne

  Les Cayes

  massacre of 1929

  Lescot, Élie

  Les Frères Parent (musical group)

  Liberal Party

  Liberia

  Lincoln, Abraham

  Logan, Rayford

  Louverture, Moïse

  Louverture, Toussaint Bréda

  abolitionists and

  constitution of 1801 and

  death of

  Duvalier and

  revolution of 1791 and

  rule by

  war of independence and

  Love, Anger, Madness (Vieux-Chauvet)

  Lüders, Emil

  Lugosi, Bela

  lumber exports

  lwa (gods)

  Lycée Pétion

  MacDonald, James P.

  Machias, USS (warship)

  Mackau, Ange René Armand, Baron de

  Madiou, Thomas

  Magic Island, The (Seabrook)

  Magloire, Paul

  Maïssade

  Malouet, Pierre-Victor

  manbos (Vodou priestesses)

  Manigat, Leslie

  markets

  marriage

  Martelley, Michel

  Martí, José

  Martinique

  Marx, Karl

  Marxism

  Masters of the Dew (Roumain)

  McIlhenny, John A.

  Medina, Agostino Franco de

  Menos, Solon

  métayage (sharecropping)

  Methodists

  Métraux, Alfred

  Miller, Adolph

  Miller, Ivan W.

  Mintz, Sidney

  Moïse, Claude

  Môle Saint-Nicolas port

  Monroe, James

  Monroe Doctrine

  Roosevelt Corollary

  Moravia, Charles

  Moreau, Yvon Emmanuel

  Morrison, Herbert

  mulattoes. See also elites

  Napoleon Bonaparte

  Napoleon III (Louis Napoleon)

  Nation

  National Association for the Advancement of Colored People (NAACP)

  National Bank of Haiti. See Banque National d’Haïti

  National Cathedral

  National City Bank (New York)

  nationality laws

  National Palace

  explosion of 1869

  explosion of 1912

  rebuilt

  National Party

  National Security Volunteers. See Tontons Makouts

  Navassa

  Nemours, Alfred

  neoliberalism

  New Granada

  newspapers

  Newsweek

  New York Herald

  New York Times

  Nicaragua

  Nixon, Richard

  nongovernmental organizations (NGOs)

  North Haytian Sugar Company

  Nouvelliste, Le (newspaper)

  Obin, Philomé

  “The Crucifixion of Charlemagne Péralte for Liberty”

  Ogé, Vincent

  Ogou (god)

  Ogou Dessalines (god)

  Oreste, Michel

  Organization of American States (OAS)

  Orthodox Apostolic Church

  ouanga (“new magic”)

  Ouiliyanm (Dorcas Lee William)

  oungans (Vodou priests)

  Pan-African Congresses

  Panama

  Panama Canal

  Pan-Americanism

  Parti Communiste Haïtien

  Pascal-Trouillot, Ertha

  Patriote (newspaper)

  penal code

  Pentecostals

  Péralte, Charlemagne

  assassination of

  state funeral of 1934

  Pétion, Alexandre

  background of

  Christophe vs.

  civil war vs. Christophe and

  death of

  Dumesle and

  Duvalier and

  education and

  France and

  Goman vs.

  land and labor and

  legacy of

  as president, Republic of Haiti

  taxes and

  war of independence and

  Petit Séminaire Collège Saint-Martial

  Philippines

  Phillips, Wendell

  Pierre, Dolciné

  Pierre, Joseph

  Pignon

  pig slaughter

  Piquet uprisings

  plaçage practice

  plantations

  Plessy, Homer

  political exiles

  political participation

  politique de doublure

  Polverel, Étienne

  Polyné, Millery

  Pont-Rouge

  Port-au-Pri
nce

  activists of 1830s in

  bicentiennial of 1949

  earthquake of 1842

  earthquake of 2010 and

  first fire company

  free people of color and

  growth of, in twentieth century

  map

  medical school in

  other regions vs.

  protests of 1946 in

  renaissance of 1920s

  uprisings of 1911–15 in

  U.S. and

  ports

  poverty

  Powell, William F.

  Pradines, August de. See Candio

  presidency, power of. See also authoritarianism

  Preston, Stephen

  Préval, René

  Price, Hannibal

  Price-Mars, Jean

  private voluntary organizations. See nongovernmental organizations

  Progrès, Le (ship)

  Protestant missionaries

  Puerto Rico

  Puller, Lewis

  racial hierarchies. See also blacks; elites; mulattoes; whites

  racism

  Europe and

  internalization of

  U.S. and

  railroads

  Raimond, Julien

  Rainsford, Marcus

  Rameau, Benoît

  rara music

  Reagan, Ronald

  regional order

  remittances

  Renan, Ernest

  Republican Party (U.S.)

  Republic of Haiti

  République, La (coast guard boat)

  Revue des Deux Mondes (magazine)

  Reybaud, Maxime (Gustave d’Alaux)

  rice

  Rigaud, André

  Riobé, Hector

  roads

  Robertson, Pat

  Rochambeau, Donatien

  Rockefeller, Nelson

  Roosevelt, Eleanor

  Roosevelt, Franklin Delano

  Roosevelt, John

  Roosevelt, Theodore

  Rosati, Joseph

  Roumain, Jacques

  Masters of the Dew

  poems for son

  widow of

  Royal Bonbons

  Royal Dahomets

  rubber

  rural population (peasants; small farmers)

  Boyer and

  Catholicism, Vodou, and Protestantism and

  Code Rural and

  coffee exports and

  comfort of, in nineteenth century

  contemporary

  culture and autonomy of

  dispossession of

  Duvalier and

  elections of 1902 and

  elites vs.

  HASCO and

  land plots of, and slavery

  local governance and

  negative views of

  post-occupation regimes and

  Price-Mars on

  Roumain on

  taxes and

  uprisings of

  USAID pig slaughter and

  U.S. occupation and

  Vincent on

  Rusk, Dean

  Russell, John

  Russia

  Saint-Domingue (French colony)

  abolition of slavery

  Christophe arrives in

  constitution of 1801 and

  established

  export crops and

  free vs. slave population in

  irrigation and

  Louverture as governor general (1794–1801)

  revolution of 1791

  trade with U.S.

  Vodou and Kreyol and

  war of independence of 1801–3

  St. John, Spenser

  Saint-Méry, Moreau de

  Saint-Rémy, Romuald Lepelletier de

  Saint-Simon, Henri de

  St. Thomas

  Salnave, Sylvain

  Salomon, Lysius

  Sam, Tiersius Antoine

  Sam, Vilbrun Guillaume

  Sandino, Augusto

  Sannon, Pauléus

  Sansaricq family

  Sans-Souci (revolt leader)

  Sans-Souci palace

  academy of painting and

  earthquake of 1842 and

  Marian Anderson at

  name origin

  Santana, Pedro

  Santo Domingo (later Dominican Republic)

  Boyer rules

  colony established

  Haitian Revolution and

  insurgency of 1821 vs. Spain

  rebellion of 1840s, vs. Haiti

  Saunders, Prince

  Schmidt, Hans

  Schoelcher, Victor

  Seabrook, William

  Seitenfus, Ricardo

  Senegal

  Service Technique de l’Agriculture and de l’Enseignement Professionnel

  SHADA. See Société Haitiano-Américaine de Développement Agricole

  sharecroppers. See métayage; tenant farmers

  slavery

  abolition of

  Britain and

  fear of return of

  France and

  U.S. and

  U.S. occupation and

  zonbi and

  slaves

  brutality vs.

  culture of

  number of

  Price-Mars on

  revolt of 1790–91 and

  slave trade

  social security system

  Société des Coeurs Unis

  Société Général de Crédit Industriel et Commercial

  Société Haitiano-Américaine de Développement Agricole (SHADA)

  Society for the Rights of Man and the Citizen

  Society of Amazons

  Sonthonax, Léger Félicité

  So Spoke the Uncle (Price-Mars)

  “Sou Lan Mè” (Vodou song)

  Soulouque, Faustin

  Spain

  Dominican Republic and

  Haitian Revolution and

  Napoleon and

  U.S. war of 1898 vs.

  Standard Fruit

  Stewart, Duncan

  Stoll, Steven

  student activists

  sugar

  Sumera, Roséide

  Sumner, Charles

  swine flu

  Sylvain, Georges

  Syrian immigrants

  taxes and tariffs

  Temps, Le (Swiss newspaper)

  tenant farmers (fermiers)

  Time magazine

  Tontons Makouts (National Security Volunteers)

  Tortuga

  trade

  tragédie du roi Christophe, La (Césaire)

  triangle trade

  Trouillot, Hénock

  Trouillot, Lyonel

  Trouillot, Michel-Rolph

  Trujillo, Rafael

  Turner, Nat

  Union Patriotique, L’

  unions

  United Fruit

  United Nations

  earthquake of 2010 and

  military mission (MINUSTAH)

  United States

  aid and

  Aristide and

  Caribbean expansionism and

  Dominican Republic and

  Duvalier regimes and

  early nineteenth century

  early twentieth century

  emigrants from

  Firmin and

  Haitian finances and

  Haitian gold seized by

  immigration to

  late nineteenth century

  loan of 1922

  Magloire and

  Môle and

  Navassa and

  political violence and

  recognition by

  rubber scheme and

  Second Independence and

  slavery in

  trade with

  zombies and

  U.S. Agency for International Development (USAID)

  U.S. banks

  U.S. Civil War

  U.S. Congress

  “Guano Islands” Act (1856)

&nb
sp; Haiti recognized by

  U.S. corporations

  U.S.-Haiti convention of 1916

  U.S. investment

  U.S. Marines

  U.S. National Archives

  U.S. Navy

  U.S. occupation

  abuses under

  anti-Vodou campaign

  ban on foreign ownership ended by

  constitution of 1918 and

  education and

  elections of 1915 and

  elections of 1920 and

  end of

  forced labor and

  Haitian leaders and

  lead-up to and landing in

  legacy of

  martial law and

  missionaries and

  modernization and

  negative stereotypes and

  resistance to

  Senate hearings on

  U.S. Senate

  U.S. South

  U.S. State Department

  U.S. Supreme Court

  U.S. trade

  “Unknown Maroon” (statue)

  uprisings and civil wars

  of 1806–7

  of 1843–44

  of 1844–46 (Piquet)

  of 1888

  of 1902

  of 1911–15

  of 1917–29, vs. U.S. occupation

  of 1985–86

  of 2004

  casualties in

  costs of

  cycle of, in nineteenth century

  Duvalier and

  “Varieties of the Human Species” (Buffon)

  Vastey, Pompée-Valentin, Baron de

  Vatican

  recognition by

  Vertières, Battle of (1803)

  Vesey, Denmark

  Viard, Félix

  Vieux-Chauvet, Marie

  vieux piquet, Le (Janvier)

  Vincent, Sténio

  Vodou

  Acaau and

  Bois Caïman ceremony and

  Cacos and

  campaigns vs.

  Dessalines and

  Duvaliers and

  exoticized depictions of

  Jeanty and

  lakou system and

  Price-Mars on

  U.S. occupation and

  Voltaire

  voting rights

  women and

  Waller, Littleton W. T.

  Washington, Booker T.

  Washington, George

  Washington, USS (U.S. warship)

  Washington Post

  water resources

  Wells, Clark H.

  West India Line

  White King of La Gonave, The (Wirkus)

  whites

  citizenship and

  independence and

  property ownership and

  revolt of 1791 and

  U.S. occupation and

  White Zombie (film)

  Wilberforce, William

  Wilentz, Amy

  William, Dorcas Lee (Ouiliyanm)

  Williams, Alexander S.

  Wilson, Edmund

  Wilson, Woodrow

  Wirkus, Faustin

  women

  education and

  foreign marriages and

  uprisings and

  U.S. occupation and

  violence vs.

  voting rights and

  war of independence and

  Women’s International League for Peace and Freedom

  World Cup (1950)

  World Health Organization (WHO)

  World War I

  World War II

  WRUL (New York radio station)

  yaws

  yellow fever

  Zaïre (Voltaire)

  Zonbi (zombies)

  ABOUT THE AUTHOR

  LAURENT DUBOIS is the author of Avengers of the New World: The Story of the Haitian Revolution, a Los Angeles Times Best Book of 2004. The Marcello Lotti Professor of Romance Studies and History at Duke University, Dubois has written on Haiti for the Los Angeles Times, The Nation, and The New Yorker Web site, among other publications, and is the codirector of the Haiti Lab at the Franklin Humanities Institute. He lives in Durham, North Carolina.