Gin: The Much Lamented Death of Madam Geneva: The Eighteenth Century Gin Craze
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11 Applebee’s Original Weekly Journal, 1 October 1720
12 London Gazette, 25–29 April 1721
13 Weekly Journal, 18 November & 28 October 1721
14 LMA, Middlesex Order Book, MJ/OC/1/fol.s 126–8
15 Shoemaker, ‘Reforming the City: The Reformation of Manners Campaign in London’ in Davison, Hitchcock, Kiern and Shoemaker, Stilling the Grumbling Hive, p100
16 Curtis and Speck, The Societies for the Reformation of Manners, p46
17 Woodward, An Account of the Rise of the Societies for Reformation of Manners, 1698
18 Shoemaker, ‘Reforming the City: The Reformation of Manners Campaign in London’ in Davison, Hitchcock, Kiern and Shoemaker, Stilling the Grumbling Hive, p101
19 Joseph Butler, Bishop of Durham, 1736, quoted in Porter, ‘English Society in the Eighteenth Century Revisited’, p279
20 Pope, A Farewell to London. In the Year 1715
21 Johnson, London
22 Short, New Observations … on City, Town, and Country Bills of Mortality, 1750
23 Fielding, An Inquiry into the Causes of the Late Increase of Robbers, p17
24 Craftsman, 13 December 1735
25 Gordon and Trenchard, Cato’s Letters, 1720–22
26 Beattie, Crime and the Courts in England, pp516–7
27 de Saussure, A Foreign View of England, February 1726
28 Daily Journal, 5 February 1726
29 Pope, Epilogue to the Satires, Dialogue I, 159ff
30 The Occasional Monitor 1731, p8
31 London Magazine, January 1737
32 Andrew, Philanthropy and Police, p22ff
33 Porter, English Society in the Eighteenth Century, p90
34 Andrew, Philanthropy and Police, p24
35 Bulstrode, A Charge delivered at the General Quarter Sessions
36 LMA, Middlesex Sessions Papers, 1721/May/2
CHAPTER FOUR: The Magistrates
1 LMA, Middlesex Sessions Papers, 1721/May/2
2 Landau, Justices of the Peace, p202
3 Fielding, Voyage to Lisbon, footnote to introduction
4 Babington, A House in Bow Street, p36
5 LMA, Westminster Order Book, January 1726
6 LMA, Westminster Order Book, WJ/OC/1
7 LMA, Middlesex Sessions Papers, 1721/Oct/8–9
8 LMA, Middlesex Order Book, MJ/OC/1/fols 126–8
9 LMA, Middlesex Sessions Papers, 1721/May/2
10 LMA, Middlesex Sessions. Papers, 1721/Oct/8–9; also in Middlesex Order Book, MJ/OC/l/fol.181
11 London Journal, 20 January 1721
12 Curtis and Speck, The Societies for the Reformation of Manners, p55
13 The Poor Man’s Plea to all the Proclamations, Declarations, Acts of Parliament, etc …. for a Reformation of Manners, 1703, quoted in Burtt, Virtue Transformed, p60
14 Mandeville, The Fable of the Bees, vol. 1, Remark G, p82ff
15 LMA, Westminster Order Book, WJ/OC/1, 15 February 1725, p75
16 Dolins, Two Charges of Sir Daniel Dolins 1725
17 LMA, Middlesex Sessions Papers, 1725/Dec/48–51
18 LMA, MR/LV/34/3
19 The Tavern Scuffle, 1726
20 Of the Use of Tobacco, Coffee, Tea, Chocolate, and Drams, 1722, Section VII
21 Petition of Royal College of Physicians, 19 January 1726
22 GL, MS6207/1, General Quarterly Court, 5 January 1725
23 GL, MS6207/1, General Quarterly Court, 12 July 1726
24 Defoe, Brief Case of the Distillers, 1726, p2
25 Daily Journal, 5 February 1726
CHAPTER FIVE: The First Gin Act
1 Gonson, Five Charges to Several Grand Juries, 1728, Charge to the Grand Jury of Tower Hamlets, 16 July 1728
2 LMA, Middlesex Order Book, MJ/OC/3 fol.151
3 PH, vol VIII, 25 February 1729, p710
4 Croker, Lord Hervey’s Memoirs, p124
5 Ch(H), P28/6 & P28/25
6 PH, House of Lords debate, 24 March 1743, p1257
7 Brown, The Interest of the Compound Distiller Consider’d, 1733, p13ff
8 The Case of the Master, Wardens and Company of Distillers of London, 1729
9 A Proposal most humbly offered to the honourable House of Commons to prevent the excessive drinking of spirituous liquors, 1729
CHAPTER SIX: Corn
1 GL, MS6207/1, 6 May & 30 May 1729
2 GL, MS6207/1, General Quarterly Court, 8 July 1729
3 GL, MS6207/1, General Court, 30 September 1729
4 The Distillers Petitions to His Majesty, 1729
5 Blunt, Blunt to Walpole: A familiar epistle in behalf of the British Distillery, 1730
6 Thompson, ‘The Moral Economy of the English Crowd’, p85
7 Defoe, Review, 9 May 1713
8 Ch(H), P28/6
9 PH, House of Lords debate, 23 February 1743
10 Diaries of Thomas Wilson, 17 November 1735
11 Allen, Ways and Means to Raise the Value of Land, 1736
12 PH, House of Lords debate, 22 March 1743
13 Defoe, Brief Case of the Distillers, 1726, p5
14 Defoe, Complete English Tradesman, ii, part 2
15 The Farmer Restored, or the Landed Interest Preserved, 1739, p12
16 Ormrod, English Grain Exports, p68
17 PRO, T 64/274/58–9
18 True State of the British Malt-distillery, 1760, p33
19 Gentleman’s Magazine, October–November 1752
20 Mathias, The Brewing Industry, p435
21 A Collection of Letters Published in the Daily Papers, 1736, letter ii
22 An Inquiry into the Causes of the Present High Prices, 1767, quoted in Mingay, ‘The Agricultural Depression’, p326
23 Speck, Stability and Strife, p126
24 Allen, Ways and Means to Raise the Value of Land, 1736
25 Mingay, ‘The Agricultural Depression’, p324
26 The Occasional Monitor, 1731
27 2 Geo2 c17
28 PH, House of Lords debate, 22 March 1743, p1217
29 Brown, The Interest of the Compound Distiller Consider’d, 1733, p8
30 PRO, T 27/25, Treasury Out Letter Book, 10 March 1731, & PRO T 29/27, Treasury Minute Book, 23 March 1731 & 25 March 1731; GL, MS6207/1A, General Court, 25 March 1731
31 GL, MS6207/1A, General Quarterly Court, 11 July 1732
32 GL, MS6207/1A, General Quarterly Court, 11 January 1732
33 CJ, 19 February 1733
34 2 Geo2 c17
35 Eboranos, Reasons for Promoting the British Distillery, 1733
CHAPTER SEVEN: The Christians
1 OBPP, 27 February–1 March 1734, pp82–4
2 Burtt, Virtue Transformed, p58
3 Diaries of Thomas Wilson, p47, footnote
4 Allan and Scholfield, Stephen Hales, pp109–12
5 Allan and Scholfield, Stephen Hales, p81
6 Hales, A Friendly Admonition to the Drinkers of Brandy, 1734
7 Diaries of Thomas Wilson, 19 December 1731
8 CUL, SPCK Minutes, vol. xvi, 1734–6 (SPCK.MS.A1/16), 29 April 1735
9 Diaries of Thomas Wilson, 13 December 1735
10 CWAC, St James’s Parish Vestry Minutes, June 1735, fol 99
11 Sedgwick, The House of Commons 1715–54, p174
12 Diaries of Thomas Wilson, 19 August 1735
13 Presentment of the Grand Jury of Tower Hamlets, 6 October 1735
14 Presentment of the Grand Jury of Middlesex, 25 September 1735
15 CUL, SPCK minutes; Diaries of Thomas Wilson, 28 October 1735; LMA, Middlesex Order Book, MJ/OC/4/fol.s 47–8
CHAPTER EIGHT: Prohibition
1 LMA, Middlesex Order Book, MJ/OC/4/fol.s 54–7
2 Diaries of Thomas Wilson, 19 January 1736
3 Diaries of Thomas Wilson, 14 March 1736
4 Egmont Diary, ii, 5 February 1736, p229
5 A Collection of Letters Published in the Daily Papers, 1736, letter ii
6 Daily Post, 30 March
1736
7 Daily Journal, 1 April 1736
8 Daily Gazetteer, 19 February 1736
9 Gentleman’s Magazine, March 1736, p166
10 London Daily Post and General Advertiser, 29 March 1736
11 London Daily Post and General Advertiser, 29 March 1736
12 Diaries of Thomas Wilson, 19 August 1735
13 The Case of the Distillers Company and Proposals for Better Regulating the Trade, 1736
14 Philanthropos, The Trial of the Spirits, p19
15 Diaries of Thomas Wilson, 15 February 1736
16 Diaries of Thomas Wilson, 26 August 1735
17 PH, 8 March 1736, p1037ff
18 Egmont Diary, ii, 8 March 1736, p240
19 London Daily Post and General Advertiser, 16 March 1736
20 Diaries of Thomas Wilson, 16 March 1736
21 Diaries of Thomas Wilson, 23 February 1736
22 A letter from a Member of Parliament to his friend in the country, 1736, p8ff
23 A letter from a Member of Parliament to his friend in the country, 1736
24 Occasional Remarks upon the Act for laying a duty upon the retalers of spirituous liquors, 1736, p9ff
25 PH, 16 February 1736
26 PH, 22 & 24 March 1743, p1241
CHAPTER NINE: Summer Riots
1 Quarrell and Mare, London in 1710. From the Travels of ZC von Uffenbach, p73
2 PH, 1737, p1282
3 Sedgwick, Lord Hervey’s Memoirs, p136
4 London Daily Post and General Advertiser, 15 July 1736
5 PRO, TS 11/1027
6 PH, 1737, p1282ff
7 PRO, TS 11/1027
8 Rogers, Crowds, Culture and Politics in Georgian Britain, p25
9 PRO, SP 36/39 fol 48 (formerly 91)
10 Ch(H) P70/2/2 & P70/2/14
11 OBPP, October 1736, pp199–204
12 Ch(H) P70/2/14
13 Ch(H) P70/2/14
14 PH, 1737, p1285
15 Ch(H) P70/1
16 PRO, SP 44/130, pp109–14
17 Ch(H) P70/2/2
18 Ch(H) P70/2/14
19 Diaries of Thomas Wilson, 14 September 1736
20 An Account of the Melancholy Circumstances of Great Britain, 1743
21 Craftsman, 5 June & 14 August 1736
22 Battestin, Henry Fielding, p209
23 De Veil, Memoirs of the Life and Times of Sir Thomas Deveil, Knight, p43
24 Daily Gazetteer, 17 August 1736
25 Ch(H) P70/2/1
26 Ch(H) P70/2/7
27 CUL, SPCK Minutes, 28 September 1736
CHAPTER TEN: The Death of Madam Geneva
1 Daily Journal, 30 September 1736
2 London Magazine, October 1736
3 London Daily Post and General Advertiser, 29 September 1736
4 Sedgwick, The House of Commons 1715–54, p174
5 PH, 1737, p1287
6 London Daily Post and General Advertiser, 4 October 1736
7 Grub Street Journal, 30 September 1736
8 Ch(H) P70/2/4
9 London Daily Post and General Advertiser, 28 September 1736
10 Daily Post, 24 September & 1 October 1736
11 London Evening Post, 30 September 1736
12 PH, 1737, p1287
13 Craftsman, 11 September 1736
14 GL, MS6207/1A, General Quarterly Court, 12 July 1737
15 Grub Street Journal, 23 September 1736
16 Craftsman, 2 October 1736
17 London Daily Post and General Advertiser, 28 September & 4 October 1736
18 Read’s Weekly Journal, 23 October 1736
19 Daily Post, 15 November 1736
20 Daily Post, 4 December 1736 & London Daily Post and General Advertiser, 27 November 1736
21 Daily Journal, 14 October 1736
22 London Daily Post and General Advertiser, 2 November 1736
23 London Daily Post and General Advertiser, 22 October 1736
24 Read’s Weekly Journal, 23 October 1736
25 London Daily Post and General Advertiser, 29 October 1736
26 De Veil, Memoirs of the Life and Times of Sir Thomas Deveil, Knight, p2
27 Quarrell and Mare, London in 1710. From the Travels of ZC von Uffenbach, p53
28 Ward, London Spy, VI, p110
29 London Daily Post and General Advertiser, 22 October 1736
30 London Daily Post and General Advertiser, 15 November 1736
31 Coxe, Memoirs of the Life and Administration of Sir Robert Walpole, iii, p357, Robert Walpole to Horace Walpole, 20–31 August 1736
32 Diaries of Thomas Wilson, 25 & 30 October 1736
33 Diaries of Thomas Wilson, 1 November 1736
34 Daily Journal, 22 September 1736
35 Daily Post, 2 December 1736
CHAPTER ELEVEN: Bootleg
1 Bradstreet, The Life and Uncommon Adventures of Captain Dudley Bradstreet, p78ff
2 Read’s Weekly Journal, 18 February 1738
3 PH, House of Lords debate, 24 March 1743, p1243
4 Porter, ‘English Society in the Eighteenth Century Revisited’, p254
5 Quarrell and Mare, London in 1710. From the Travels of ZC von Uffenbach, p146ff
6 Sedgwick, Lord Hervey’s Memoirs, p201
7 A Brief Description of London, pxxiii
8 Phillips, Mid-Georgian London, p166
9 Linebaugh, The London Hanged, p187
10 Linebaugh, The London Hanged, p67
11 Porter, ‘English Society in the Eighteenth Century Revisited’, p253
12 Gilmour, Riots, Risings and Revolutions, p9
13 Fielding, Covent Garden Journal, 20 June 1752
14 Wilson, Distilled Spirituous Liquors the Bane of the Nation, 1736
15 Cooper, The Complete Distiller, chapter LV
16 Boyle, The Publican’s Daily Companion
17 Bystander, The Consequences of Laying an Additional Duty on Spirituous Liquors, candidly considered, 1751, p16
18 Craftsman, 29 April 1738
19 Thomas Cooke, Distiller’s Notes, BS Add MSS 39,683
20 Tucker, An Impartial Enquiry into the Benefits and Damages … from the present very great use of low-priced Spirituous Liquors, 1751, p7
21 Filby, A History of Food Adulteration and Analysis, p222
22 Grub Street Journal, 27 January 1737
23 PH, 10 February 1737, p1281ff
24 PH, 10 February 1737, p1294
25 Davison, Hitchcock, Kiern and Shoemaker, Stilling the Grumbling Hive, p41
26 Daily Post, 27 April 1737
27 London Magazine, January 1737
28 PRO, Board of Excise Minutes, CUST 47/165, 14 January 1737, p129
29 PRO, CUST 48/13, 19 August 1737, p179
30 Daily Journal, 1 October 1736
31 London Evening Post, 16 August 1737
32 Daily Post, 27 November 1736
33 Daily Post, 30 October 1736
34 Old Whig, 24 June 1737
35 PRO, T 29/28, 30 August 1737; CUST 48/13, 31 August 1737, p179
36 London Evening Post, 29 October 1737
37 London Evening Post, 3 November 1737
38 Daily Post, 4 November 1737
39 London Evening Post, 5 November 1737
40 London Evening Post, 10 November 1737
41 London Evening Post, 19 November 1737
42 Diaries of Thomas Wilson, 23 December 1737
43 London Evening Post, 7 March 1738
44 Craftsman, 3 December 1737
45 London Evening Post, 5 January 1738
CHAPTER TWELVE: Clamp-down
1 London Evening Post, 24 January 1738
2 London Evening Post, 24 January 1738
3 London Evening Post, 30 March 1738
4 PRO, PC/1/5/15, Westminster
5 London Evening Post, 16 August 1737
6 London Evening Post, 6 May 1738
7 Daily Post, 13 May 1738
8 Blackerby, The Speech of Nathaniel Blackerby Esq, 1738
/> 9 PRO, PC/1/5/15, Westminster, April 1738
10 De Veil, Memoirs of the Life and Times of Sir Thomas Deveil, Knight, p38ff
11 London Evening Post, 11 May 1738
12 De Veil, Memoirs of the Life and Times of Sir Thomas Deveil, Knight, p38ff
13 PRO, PC/1/5/15, Westminster, May 1738
14 London Evening Post, 19 August 1738
15 Read’s Weekly Journal, 8 April 1738
16 Gentleman’s Magazine, 1738, p698
17 London Evening Post, 13 May 1738
18 London Evening Post, 8 July 1738
19 Beattie, Crime and the Courts in England, p302
20 London Daily Post and General Advertiser & London Evening Post, 27 July 1738
21 Read’s Weekly Journal, 22 July 1738
22 PRO, PC/1/5/15, Westminster, July 1738
23 PRO, PC/1/5/15, Westminster, October 1738
24 Daily Post, 8 May 1738
25 PH, House of Lords debate, 22 March 1743
26 A Short History of the Gin Act, 1738
27 London Evening Post, 9 May, 1 July & 29 August 1738
28 London Evening Post, 29 April 1738
29 Read’s Weekly Journal, 12 August 1738
30 Sabourn, A Perfect View of the Gin Act, 1738
31 OBPP, October 1738, p155ff
32 London Evening Post, 17 August & 19 September 1738
33 PRO, Board of Excise minutes, CUST 47/166, 26 February 1737
34 London Evening Post, 31 December 1737, 5 January, 16 & 21 February 1738
35 PRO, CUST 47/165, 31 August 1736; CUST 47/167, 10 August 1737; & CUST 47/170, 16 November 1738
36 Read’s Weekly Journal, 20 August 1737
37 Hardwicke Papers, BL Add MSS 35600, fol 94ff
38 PRO, PC/1/5/15
39 Read’s Weekly Journal, 6 January 1739
40 London Evening Post, 25 December 1738
41 London Evening Post, 16 & 21 December 1738
42 PRO, T 1/309, 4 December 1742; Gentleman’s Magazine, 21 December 1738
43 London Evening Post, 5 August 1738
44 Read’s Weekly Journal, 29 July 1738
45 Stevenson, London in the Age of Reform, p9
46 Read’s Weekly Journal, 22 July 1738
47 De Veil, Memoirs of the Life and Times of Sir Thomas Deveil, Knight, p38; LMA, MJ/OC/4, fol.107, 13 April 1738
48 London Magazine, January 1737
49 Gentleman’s Magazine, 1738, p698
50 Diaries of Thomas Wilson, 10 May 1737
CHAPTER THIRTEEN: Women
1 A Dissertation on Mr Hogarth’s Six Prints Lately Publish’d, 1751, p10ff
2 A Dissertation on Mr Hogarth’s Six Prints Lately Publish’d, p9
3 P Clark, The English Alehouse, p167
4 Defoe, Life of Colonel Jack, 2nd ed., 1723
5 Grub Street Journal, 27 January 1737