courage, 308, 586, 688
Courtman-Davies, Mary, 64
Court TV, 667
Coyle, Joseph, 264
crack epidemic, end of, 543
Craigslistlieder (Kahane), 474
Crandall, Richard, 134
craniofacial duplication, see disopropus
creativity, 273, 424, 425, 426, 445, 459
transgender and, 632
Crick, Francis, 307
criminals, crime, 37, 40, 44, 221, 537–97, 685
abortion as, 491
at Columbine, 587–97
contrition of, 335
cost of, 584, 585–86
delinquency and, 549, 564, 569, 570, 571, 584
“difficult” children and, 549
early intervention and, 584–85
female vs. male, 571
filicide as, 272, 290–94
genetics and, 544, 563–64, 570
gross abuses in juvenile justice and, 552
hate, 653, 654
in historical perspective, 544–45
homosexuality as, 15, 16, 586
against humanity, 534
identity and, 2, 553, 579, 580–81
as illness, 564
institutionalization of, 538, 542, 545, 547, 549, 551–59
Left vs. Right views of, 546, 587
mental retardation and, 180
nature vs. nurture and, 22, 563–64
parens patraie and, 545–46
prevention of, 584–86
punishment vs. rehabilitation of, 538
rape as, 479–81, 489
recidivism and, 538, 553, 584, 585
rehabilitation and, 545, 552–53, 562, 568
resolve and, 584
risk factors for, 568–70
schizophrenia and, 339–42, 549
waivers and, 544, 545
see also imprisonment, prisons; murder
Croatia, 531
Cronin, John Victor, 293
Cronin, Richard, 293
crying, 227, 236, 243, 248, 575, 663
anger vs., 521
multiple severe disabilities and, 368, 369, 384, 396
rape and, 482
schizophrenia and, 321, 327, 339
Csikszentmihalyi, Mihaly, 454
culture:
binaries and, 599
Deaf, see Deaf culture
dwarfism and, 157, 158
loss of, 112–13
Cummings, James Joseph, Jr., 291
Cummings, James Joseph, Sr., 291
Cure Autism Now, 222, 256, 275
Curlender v. Bio-Science Laboratories, 39
Curtis Institute of Music, 432, 447–48
Cutler, Eustacia, 231, 274–75
cystic fibrosis (CF), 680–81
cytomegalovirus, 95
Dachau, 255
Dahmer, Jeffrey, 560–61
Dahmer, Lionel, 560–61
Dalai Lama, 46
Dallas Male Chorus, 436
Dallas Symphony, 439
D’Alton, Mary, 116
dance, 85, 188, 208, 210
Dance New England, 208
Dandy-Walker syndrome, 372
Darrow, Clarence, 22
dating, 218, 440
of dwarfs, 138, 148
Davidson, Justin, 419, 436, 443, 463, 465
Davidson, Larry, 324
Davis, Alissa, 652
Davis, Bill, 285–90
Davis, Christopher, 285–90
Davis, Jae, 285–89
Davis, Jessie, 285, 287, 288
Davis, Lennard, 55
Dawes, Daniela, 291
Dawes, Jason, 291
Dawson, Geraldine, 254
Deaf culture and identity, 2–4, 34, 49, 50, 52, 56, 62, 63, 67, 71, 93, 100–102, 106, 107, 190, 353, 402, 462, 610
autism compared with, 284
in China, 68–69
exhibit about, 63
Jacob Shamberg’s views on, 78-79
loss of, 109–14
Rory Osbrink in, 99–100
Deafhood, 111
deafness, the deaf, 5, 37, 40, 44, 49–114, 472, 537, 610
autism compared with, 266, 284
in Bali, 41, 83–87, 93
blindness compared with, 52, 55, 61
causes of, 60–62, 70, 84, 91, 95, 97, 108, 221
as disability, 56, 69–70, 80, 276, 609–10
early intervention in, 62, 88, 91–92
education of, see education, of deaf
gay, 60
gay people compared with, 3, 18, 50, 52
genetics and, 60–62, 84, 91, 109, 681, 682–83
genocide and, 393
as illness, 4
lipreading and, 3, 52, 53, 55, 58, 70, 71, 98, 99, 101
love and, 278
multiple severe disabilities and, 364
oral speech and, see oral speech
prodigies compared with, 407, 436
residual hearing of, 58, 88, 92–93
schizophrenia compared with, 334, 353
sign language and, see American Sign Language
syndromal vs. nonsyndromal, 61
transgender compared with, 613–14
wrongful-life suits and, 39
see also cochlear implants
deaf of deaf, 55, 63, 69, 83, 95, 683
Deaf Pilots Association, 68
Deaf President Now (DPN) movement, 56
Deafweekly.com, 110
death, 21, 32, 268, 316, 329
achondroplasia and, 129, 155
from anorexia, 34
from measles, 261
multiple severe disabilities and, 360–61, 362, 364, 379–80, 393–95, 397
prodigies and, 434, 445, 446
of schizophrenics, 296, 310, 313, 331, 335, 339, 349
wrongful, 39
see also filicide; murder; suicide
death penalty, 16, 539, 544–45, 561
DeCrescenzo, Teresa, 609
defective, 4
DeGroot, Christopher, 291
deinstitutionalization, 314–15, 687
Dekker, Thomas, 334
DeLee, Dwight, 652–53
Delli-Bovi, Adam, 205–10, 402
Delli-Bovi, Jan, 205, 206
Delli-Bovi, Teegan, 206–9
delusions, schizophrenia and, 296, 302, 303, 323–24, 334, 335, 341, 343, 346
de Marneffe, Daphne, 403
Demeter-Persephone myth, 233–34
denial, 334, 382, 426
crime and, 555, 561
dwarfism and, 120, 122
rape and, 485, 493, 499, 500, 524, 527
schizophrenia and, 309, 315
Denmark, 27
Denmark, Clark, 83
Dennis, Carina, 683
Denver Social Support Group, 331
Depakote (valproic acid), 347
Department of Community Corrections, Hennepin County, 582–83
Department of Correction, Massachusetts, 342
Department of Mental Retardation, Connecticut, 360
dependence, 44, 60, 199, 342, 352, 490
multiple severe disabilities and, 374, 375–76, 384, 403
depression, 73, 79, 94, 512, 540, 541, 648
abortion and, 492
of author, 31, 38, 43, 700
autism and, 223, 226, 230, 232, 236, 255–56, 264, 267, 270, 274
autism compared with, 251, 253
crime and, 551, 562, 569, 591
in deaf people, 66, 78, 79
drugs for, see antidepressants
Down syndrome and, 177, 178, 195
of dwarfs, 134, 138, 149
genetics and, 305
multiple severe disabilities and, 380
postpartum, 482, 488
prodigies and, 415, 417, 429, 431, 435, 458, 469
rape and, 493, 494, 497, 518, 519
schizophrenia and, 296, 298, 299, 319, 335, 347
transgender and, 601, 604, 605, 610, 627, 628, 631, 633, 649, 650
DES, see diethylstilbest
rol
Desa Kolok, see Bengkala, Bali
despair, 32, 45, 46, 79, 104, 376, 404, 701
autism and, 239–40
crime and, 548, 573
prodigies and, 415, 431, 438
rape and, 497
sexual abuse and, 11
transgender and, 603
DES, see diethylstilbestrol
DES Sons Network, 607
detachment, 19
deterrence, 538
Developmental, Individual Difference, Relationship-Based (DIR®/Floortime) Model, see Floortime Model
developmental retardation, 367
De Vivo, Darryl, 377
Devor, Holly, 603
dexamethasone, 17
DeZeeuw, Kathleen, 486, 503
DeZeeuw, Patrick, 503
DFNB1 gene, 61
diabetes, 263, 337, 518, 519
Diagnostic Interview for Social and Communication Disorders (DISCO), 257
diastrophic dysplasia, 128, 129, 150, 151, 155
Dickinson, Emily, 302–3
Diekema, Douglas, 387
diethylstilbestrol (DES), 607
difference, selecting for, 681–85
dignity, 389, 641, 681, 684
DiMenna, Stephen, 553
Dinklage, Peter, 139–40
diprosopus (craniofacial duplication), 686
Dirac, Paul, 5
disability rights, 27–30, 32, 39, 387, 389, 393, 394–95, 687
Disability Rights Education and Defense Fund, 388
disabled, disabilities, 19–34, 66, 143, 667, 677, 685, 693
abortion and, 27, 29, 30, 35, 39, 189–90, 490, 680
in children vs. adults, 23
collective innocence and, 583–84
death of, 21, 653
as differently abled, 28
gays’ rejection of cause of, 18
higher-functioning vs. lower-functioning people with, 391
impairment vs., 28
institutionalization and, 26, 27
internal vs. external, 19–20
medical diagnosis and, 27–28
politically correct terminology and, 276
premature aging and, 24
prodigies compared with, 405, 406
reintegration of, 182, 186
reproducing and, 678–84
resilience and, 23–24
segregation of, 182
social model of, 32
statistics on, 22
use of word, 356–57
see also multiple severe disabilities and other specific conditions
Discipline and Punish (Foucault), 163
discrimination:
against disabled, 28, 183, 189, 389
against dwarfs, 135
against gays, 17, 601
job, 601, 650
against transgender 609, 650
disease:
retrenchment of, 221
see also specific conditions
dissociation, 561
diversity, 128, 218, 273, 278, 663, 685, 687
Canguilhem’s view of, 608
loss of, 18, 112–14, 157
see also neurodiversity
divorce, 20, 25, 132, 293, 297, 322, 344, 506, 539–40, 568, 572, 573, 578, 676
deafness and, 72, 73, 78
dwarfs and, 166, 167
prodigies and, 428, 453
rape and, 513, 514
transgender and, 667
Djourno, André, 89–90
DNA, 61, 307, 536
rape and, 484
doctors, 20, 38, 72, 94, 103, 112, 288, 432
abortion and, 489, 492
autism and, 226, 229, 234, 242, 244, 247, 255, 257, 269, 274
Down syndrome and, 172, 180, 187, 188, 190, 191, 196, 215
dwarfs and, 119–20, 126–27, 132, 135, 136, 137, 141, 150, 158, 159, 165
gay, 16
language of, 366
multiple severe disabilities and, 358, 364, 366, 372, 375, 376, 377, 378, 381, 382, 386, 387, 389, 393, 394, 397, 398, 399, 401
prodigies and, 425
schizophrenia and, 308, 309, 319, 325, 327, 337, 339, 343, 352–53
transgender and, 604, 606, 611, 627, 638, 657
Dodgers, 99
dogs, service, 267
domestic violence, 498, 539, 547, 561, 564, 569
rape and, 481, 512, 513, 514, 516, 534
do-not-resuscitate order, 389, 401
Donovan, Clara, 369
Donovan, Cris, 366–70
Donovan, Ella, 369
Donovan, Liam, 366–70
Donovan, Paul, 366–70
dopamine, schizophrenia and, 306, 316, 317
dopamine D2 receptors, similar function in creativity and psychosis, 425
Double Concerto (Bach), 459–60
Down, John Langdon, 179
Down syndrome (DS), 5, 24, 43, 44, 124, 169–219, 353, 402, 472, 610, 680, 681
abortion and, 185, 189–90, 193, 198, 199, 221, 684
autism compared with, 44, 195, 366
babyfaceness and perceived immaturity in, 203–4
causes of, 198
characteristics of, 170–71
criminality compared with, 537, 584
developmental stages of, 194
as disability, 169–70, 177, 180, 187–90, 204
early intervention in, 172, 173–74, 183–86, 191–92, 196–97, 206, 215–16, 266, 584
genetics and, 21, 170, 180, 185, 189, 194, 195, 198, 201, 251, 306, 681–82
genocide and, 393
in historical perspective, 179–84
as identity, 190
incidence of, 170
institutionalization and, 172, 174, 180, 181, 195, 198, 210–12, 366
other words used for, 179, 180
parental purpose and, 25
personality and, 194–95, 205, 212, 218
prominent people with, 213–14
risk factor for, 180
schizophrenia compared with, 366
Peter Singer’s views on, 189
television and, 173–74, 196, 214, 215, 688
trauma of, 295
treatment for, 195, 200–201
as trisomy 21, 180, 194
wrongful-life suits and, 39
Drake, Stephen, 293
Dreger, Alice Domurat, 36, 391, 625–26
drinking, see alcohol
driving, see cars and driving
drowning, 291, 349, 360–61
drugs, see medication
drugs, recreational, 147, 148, 298, 505, 564–71
crime and, 546, 547, 551, 559–60, 562, 563, 570, 571, 582
dealing in, 547, 551, 562, 563, 564, 565–66, 582
rape and, 482
schizophrenia and, 316–17, 325–26, 352
treatment for use of, 546, 547, 548, 567
see also cocaine; heroin; LSD; marijuana; methamphetamine
DS, see Down syndrome
DSM (Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders), 602, 609, 635
DSM-IV, 608
DSM-5, 319, 609, 631
D’Souza, Cyril, 317, 330
dualism:
in Copenhagen interpretation, 5
in self, 5
Duchesneau, Sharon, 682–83
Duckworth, Angela Lee, 450
Duckworth, Kenneth, 329–30
dumb, use of word, 52
Duras, Monique, 158–61
Durga (Hindu deity), 686
Dwarfism (Adelson), 116
dwarfs, dwarfism, 3, 5, 40, 44, 115–67, 353, 537
achondroplastic, see achondroplasia
“dwarf bowling” meets, 139
dwarf-tossing, 139
conventions of, 41, 115–19, 126, 133, 137–38, 140, 143, 162
dating, sex, and childbearing of, 148–50
defined, 128
as difference, 28, 128, 135, 160, 162–63, 164
as disability, 125–26, 145, 157, 276, 609–10
in fairy tales and folklore, 145–4
6
as feisty, 123
gay, 145
genetics and, 115, 119, 128, 129, 151, 155–58, 681, 682
happiness and, 124–25, 134
as identity, 34, 124–25, 190
Imaginationism and, 119, 231
limb-lengthening surgery for, 3, 36, 123, 160–63, 388, 455
as midgets, 126, 140–41, 153
number of, 128
perceived as comical, 118
pregnancy and, 123, 131, 132, 149–50
rape compared with, 520
types of, 119, 128–31
Dwarfs (movie), 121
dyslexia, 6–7, 18, 34, 279, 425
ear abnormalities, 367
ear infections, 35, 129
Earle, Morris, 637–39
Earle, Scott (formerly Anne-Marie), 637–40
early intervention (EI):
in autism, 224, 225, 238–39, 243, 266, 318, 584
crime and, 584–85
in deafness, 62, 88, 90, 91–92, 100
in Down syndrome, 172, 173–74, 182–86, 191–92, 196–97, 206, 215–16, 266, 584
multiple severe disabilities and, 368
in schizophrenia, 318–20, 327
East Berlin, 409
Eastern Europe, 141, 454
East Timor, 529, 530, 532
Ebbetts, Mitt, 582
ectrodactyly (lobster-claw syndrome), 678–79
Ecuador, 443–44, 445
Edison, Thomas, 51–52
education, 687
of author, 7, 8, 9, 11–13
autism and, 235–36, 240, 243, 244, 245, 247, 248, 256, 260, 265–66, 268, 269, 272, 274, 286–88, 293–94
of children of rape, 498
crime and, 551, 553, 567, 568, 583
of deaf, 3, 49–52, 54–59, 62–67, 69, 70, 71–72, 75–78, 80–81, 84, 92, 95, 99–100, 104–6, 493, 494
disability and, 25, 28, 186
Down syndrome and, 173, 175, 180, 186, 193–94, 206, 213, 216, 218
of dwarfs, 117–18, 129, 135, 136, 138, 143, 147, 152, 160
early, 181, 182
moral, 537
multiple severe disabilities and, 370, 373, 385
music, elimination of, 462, 467
of prodigies, 409, 418–22, 424, 430, 433, 436–40, 442, 444, 446, 447, 452, 456, 457–58, 460, 461, 464, 465, 468, 469, 472, 473–74
schizophrenia and, 320–21, 325, 341, 342–43
special needs, 182
transgender and, 612, 616, 638–39, 643, 645, 646, 647, 650, 656–57, 663
Education Department, US, 260
Education Office, US, Section for Exceptional Children in, 182
EEG (electroencephalogram), 358
Efé (central African tribe), 140
Effexor (venlafaxine), 218
egg donors, 683, 692–93
ego, 424–25
Ehrensaft, Diane, 609
EI, see early intervention
Einstein, Albert, 284
Eisner, Michael, 80
Eldridge, Sherrie, 500–501
ELL, see limb-lengthening
Elliott Institute, 492
elves, 139, 140
Emmett (autistic boy), 230
emotions:
crime and, 549, 553, 563, 575, 581
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