The Match King
Page 33
14 Vadstena, Berning 1918-31, letter from A.D. Berning to Ivar Kreuger, Jul. 2, 1928.
15 Vadstena, Berning 1918-31, telegram from A.D. Berning to Ivar Kreuger, Jun. 30, 1928.
16 Vadstena, Berning 1918-31, letter from A.D. Berning to Ivar Kreuger, May 31, 1928.
17 Vadstena, Bökman, receipt from Restaurant Paillard, Jun. 13, 1928.
18 Vadstena, Berning 1918-31, letter from Ivar Kreuger to A.D. Berning, Jun. 14, 1928.
19 Vadstena, Berning 1918-31, letter from A.D. Berning to Ivar Kreuger, Oct. 3, 1928.
20 Vadstena, Berning 1918-31, letter from Ivar Kreuger to A.D. Berning, Nov. 27, 1928.
21 “Match Trust Wins in Latvia,” The New York Times, Jan. 13, 1929, 6: 7.
22 “Gets Rumanian Match Monopoly,” The New York Times, Jan. 31, 1929, 3: 5.
23 “Swedish Match Report for 1928,” The New York Times, Apr. 11, 1929, 42: 2.
24 Shaplen, at 128.
25 Thunholm, at 107.
26 Vadstena, Dondurant I, 1929, telegram from Ivar Kreuger to Donald Durant, Feb. 13, 1929.
27 “Gets Rumanian Match Monopoly,” The New York Times, Jan. 31, 1929, 3: 5.
28 “Brazil Pays More for Food in Flood,” The New York Times, Feb. 21, 1929, 8: 7.
29 Vadstena, Berning 1918-31, telegram from A.D. Berning to Ivar Kreuger, Feb. 22, 1929.
30 Vadstena, Berning 1918-31, telegram from A.D. Berning to Ivar Kreuger, Mar. 3, 1929.
31 Vadstena, Berning 1918-31, telegram from Ivar Kreuger to A.D. Berning, Mar. 4, 1929.
32 Princeton, Box 2, Kreuger & Toll Syndicate Letter, Lee Higginson & Co., Guaranty Company of New York, The National City Company, Brown Brothers & Co., Dillon, Read & Co., Clark, Dodge & Co., and The Union Trust Company of Pittsburgh, Mar. 6, 1929, at 1-3.
33 Vadstena, Berning 1918-31, letter from A.D. Berning to Ivar Kreuger, May 8, 1929.
34 Vadstena, Berning 1918-31, letter from A.D. Berning to Ivar Kreuger, May 8, 1929.
35 Vadstena, Berning 1918-31, letter from A.D. Berning to Ivar Kreuger, May 8, 1929.
36 Vadstena, Berning 1918-31, letter from A.D. Berning to Ivar Kreuger, May 8, 1929.
37 Vadstena, Berning 1918-31, letter from A.D. Berning to Ivar Kreuger, Jul. 23, 1929.
38 “Albert Berning, Accountant, 84,” The New York Times, Oct. 20, 1970.
39 Riksarkivet, Kreuger & Toll, vol. 0131, ser. F II a/b 1, Consolidated Balance Sheets and Income Accounts, Continental Investment Aktiengesellschaft and Certain of International Match Corporation’s Subsidiaries, Dec. 31, 1928.
40 “Donald Durant Elected,” The New York Times, May 2, 1929, 46: 1.
41 Vadstena, Berning 1918-31, memorandum from A.D. Berning to Donald Durant, undated.
42 Vadstena, Berning 1918-31, memorandum from A.D. Berning to Donald Durant, undated.
43 Vadstena, Berning 1918-31, memorandum from A.D. Berning to Donald Durant, undated.
44 Vadstena, Berning 1918-31, memorandum from A.D. Berning to Donald Durant, undated.
45 Vadstena, Berning 1918-31, letter from A.D. Berning to Ivar Kreuger, undated.
46 Vadstena, Berning 1918-31, letter from Ivar Kreuger to A.D. Berning, Aug. 16, 1929.
47 Vadstena, Berning 1918-31, letter from Ivar Kreuger to A.D. Berning, Aug. 16, 1929.
48 Vadstena, Berning 1918-31, letter from Ernst & Ernst to Brown, Fleming & Murray, Aug. 28, 1929.
49 Vadstena, Berning 1918-31, letter from Ivar Kreuger to A.D. Berning, Sep. 6, 1929.
50 Vadstena, vol. E XXV g: 23, letter from Isaac Marcosson to Ivar Kreuger, Apr. 15, 1929.
51 Vadstena, vol. E XXV g: 23, letter from Isaac Marcosson to Ivar Kreuger, Jun. 17, 1929.
52 Vadstena, vol. E XXV g: 23, letter from Isaac Marcosson to Ivar Kreuger, Aug. 23, 1929.
53 Galbraith, at 45.
54 Galbraith, at 59.
55 Galbraith, at 92.
56 Galbraith, at 66.
57 Galbraith, at 70.
58 Marcosson, at 29.
59 “Monopolist,” Time, Oct. 28, 1929, at 46.
Chapter 9
1 Wikander, at 167.
2 “German Press Halts Match Monopoly,” The New York Times, Sep. 29, 1929, 7: I.
3 Wikander, at 172.
4 Thunholm, at 115.
5 “Match Monopoly Near in Germany,” The New York Times, Oct. 11, 1929, 8: 1.
6 “Germans Hear Terms of Match Monopoly,” The New York Times, Oct. 13, 1929, II, 1: 3.
7 Wikander, at 190.
8 Thunholm, at 118.
9 Soloveychik, at 22.
10 The Morgan Library, J. P. Morgan, Jr, papers, Box 38, cable from Jack Morgan to J. P. Morgan, Jr, Aug. 30, 1929.
11 The Morgan Library, J. P. Morgan, Jr, papers, Box 37, cable from Jack Morgan to Schacht, Oct. 16, 1929.
12 The Morgan Library, J. P. Morgan, Jr, papers, Box 38A, cable from Jack Morgan to J. S. Morgan, Jr, Oct. 17, 1929.
13 The Morgan Library, J. P. Morgan, Jr, papers, Box 38A, cable from J. S. Morgan, Jr, to Jack Morgan, Oct. 17, 1929.
14 The Morgan Library, J. P. Morgan, Jr, papers, Box 38A, cable from T. W. Lamont to Jack Morgan (London), Oct. 22, 1929.
15 Galbraith, at 97.
16 Galbraith, at 98-101.
17 Galbraith, at 102.
18 The Morgan Library, Morgan Bank European and Argentinean Records, Series 4, J. P. Morgan, Jr, Personal Cable File, Box 23, cable from Denkstein to Jack Morgan, Oct. 24, 1929.
19 Thunholm, at 122.
20 Thunholm, at 122.
21 Princeton, Box 9, letter from Donald Durant to Mr Quier, May 1, 1930.
22 Princeton, Box 9, cable from Donald Durant to Joseph R. Swan, Oct. 25, 1929 (enclosing cable from Ivar Kreuger).
23 Galbraith, at 94.
24 Princeton, Box 9, cable from Joseph R. Swan to Donald Durant, Oct. 25, 1929.
25 Princeton, Box 8, German 6% External Loan, cable from Donald Durant to Ivar Kreuger, Oct. 22, 1929.
26 Princeton, Box 8, cable from G. Bergenstrable to Lee Higginson & Co., Nov. 18, 1929 (calculating total commissions to Lee Higginson of $1,383,802.87).
27 Princeton, Box 8, German 6% External Loan, cable from Ivar Kreuger to Donald Durant, Oct. 25, 1929.
28 Thunholm, at 123.
29 Shaplen, at 137.
30 The Morgan Library, J. P. Morgan, Jr, papers, Box 37, cable from 29/2523 for Jack Morgan, Oct. 24, 1929 (sent at 10 a.m.).
31 The Morgan Library, J. P. Morgan, Jr, papers, Box 37, cable from 29/5049 for J. P. Morgan, Oct. 24, 1929 (sent at 3.15 p.m.).
32 The Morgan Library, J. P. Morgan, Jr, papers, Box 37, cable from Jack Morgan to 29/5056, Oct. 25, 1929.
33 The Morgan Library, J. P. Morgan, Jr, papers, Box 37, cable from Jack Morgan to 29/5058, Oct. 26, 1929.
34 The Morgan Library, J. P. Morgan, Jr, papers, Box 37, cable from Jack Morgan to N. Dean Jay, Oct. 24, 1929.
35 The Morgan Library, J. P. Morgan, Jr, papers, Box 38A, cable from Jack Morgan (London) to Junius Morgan, Oct. 26, 1929.
36 Galbraith, at 94.
37 Galbraith, at 109-12.
38 The Morgan Library, Morgan Bank European and Argentinean Records, Series 4, J. P. Morgan, Jr, Box 23, cable from Jack Morgan to Denkstein, Oct. 30, 1929.
39 “Reich Match Loan Brings $125,000,000,” The New York Times, Oct. 22, 1929, at 10: 4.
40 Soloveychik, at 111-12.
41 The Morgan Library, Morgan Bank European and Argentinean Records, Series 4, J. P. Morgan, Jr, Box 23, cable from J. P. Morgan to Denkstein, Oct. 31, 1929.
42 Vadstena, Dondurant II nov-dec 1929, dondurant 1930, cable from Ivar Kreuger to Donald Durant, Nov. 5, 1929.
43 “Granesberg Back to 17%,” The New York Times, Nov. 30, 1929, 32: 5.
44 Vadstena, Bökman, letter from E. C. Oakley, Whinney, Murray, Baguley & Co., Chartered Accountants (Berlin) to Karin Bökman, Nov. 1, 1929.
45 Vadstena, vol. E XXV g: 23, letter from Isaac F. Marcosson to Ivar Kreuger, Nov. 22, 1929.
>
46 Vadstena, vol. E XXV g: 23, letter from Ivar Kreuger to Isaac F. Marcosson, Nov. 5, 1929.
47 “A Storm Unforeseen, Always About to Pass,” The New York Times, Week in Review, Oct. 12, 2008, at 5.
48 Barry Paris, Garbo (Alfred A. Knopf, 1995), at 171.
49 Barry Paris, Garbo (Alfred A. Knopf, 1995), at 169.
50 Wikander, at 209-10.
51 “Greeter,” Time, May 26, 1930; Soloveychik, at 24.
52 Soloveychik, at 23.
53 Vadstena, Bökman, letter from Svenska Tändsticks Aktiebolaget to the Consulate General of the United States, Apr. 14, 1930.
54 Vadstena, vol. E XXV g: 23, letter from Katharine von Rosenberg to Ivar Kreuger, Dec. 12, 1929.
55 Soloveychik, at 25.
56 Vadstena, vol. E XXV g: 23, letter from Ivar Kreuger to Wilma Waite, Dec. 21, 1929.
57 Vadstena, Dondurant II nov-dec 1929, dondurant 1930, cable from Ivar Kreuger to Donald Durant, Mar. 1, 1930.
58 Vadstena, Dondurant II nov-dec 1929, dondurant 1930, cable from Donald Durant to Ivar Kreuger, Apr. 5, 1930.
59 Vadstena, Dondurant II nov-dec 1929, dondurant 1930, letter from Ivar Kreuger to Donald Durant, Aug. 29, 1930.
60 Princeton, Box 9, cable from Donald Durant to John D. Harrison, Guaranty Company of New York, Mar. 21, 1930.
61 Vadstena, Berning 1918-31, cable from Ivar Kreuger to A.D. Berning, Jan. 25, 1930.
62 Vadstena, Berning 1918-31, draft memorandum of A.D. Berning, Dec. 23, 1929.
63 Vadstena, Berning 1918-31, letter from Ivar Kreuger to A.D. Berning, Feb. 1, 1930.
64 Vadstena, Berning 1918-31, telegram from A.D. Berning to Ivar Kreuger, Mar. 1, 1930.
65 Vadstena, Berning 1918-31, memorandum from A.D. Berning to J. I. Spens, Jun. 7, 1930.
66 Stoneman, at 73.
67 Stoneman, at 74.
Chapter 10
1 Stoneman, at 203.
2 “Glorified I.O.U.s,” Time, Apr. 28, 1930.
3 Wikander, at 33, 35, 39.
4 Princeton, Box 6, Special Investment Analysis, Confidential Bulletin AB-8-16, McNeel’s Financial Service, Apr. 21, 1930.
5 Wikander, at 28.
6 Stanley Jackson, J. P. Morgan: The Rise and Fall of a Banker (William Heinemann, 1983).
7 Thunholm, at 187.
8 Shaplen, at 147.
9 Wikander, at 28.
10 Shaplen, at 147.
11 Shaplen, at 145.
12 “Kreuger was ‘Fine,’ Says Woman Friend,” The New York Times, Apr. 24, 1932, at 9.
13 Vadstena, Berning 1918-31, letter from A.D. Berning to Karin Bökman, Nov. 10, 1930.
14 Vadstena, Berning 1918-31, telegram from Ivar Kreuger to A.D. Berning, Nov. 29, 1930.
15 Vadstena, Berning 1918-31, telegram from Ivar Kreuger to A.D. Berning, Dec. 2, 1930.
16 Shaplen, at 146.
17 Princeton, Box 8, German 6% External Loan, cable from Lee Higginson to Kreuger & Toll Syndicate, Mar. 21, 1930.
18 Princeton, Box 8, German 6% External Loan, cable from Ivar Kreuger to Donald Durant, Dec. 29, 1930.
19 Princeton, Box 8, Examination of Donald Durant, In the Matter of Aktiebolaget Kreuger & Toll, Feb. 14, 1935, at 51.
20 Princeton, Box 8, Examination of Donald Durant, In the Matter of Aktiebolaget Kreuger & Toll, Feb. 14, 1935, at 53.
21 Princeton, Box 8, German 6% External Loan, cable from Skandinaviska Kreditaktiebolaget to Lee Higginson & Co., Dec. 29, 1930.
22 Vadstena, Berning 1918-31, letter from A.D. Berning to Ivar Kreuger, Dec. 8, 1930.
23 Vadstena, Berning 1918-31, letter from A.D. Berning to Ivar Kreuger, Dec. 8, 1930.
24 Vadstena, Berning 1918-31, letter from Ivar Kreuger to A.D. Berning, Feb. 11, 1931.
25 Vadstena, Berning 1918-31, memorandum from A.D. Berning to Ivar Kreuger, Dec. 6, 1930.
26 Stoneman, at 128.
27 Shaplen, at 149.
28 Shaplen, at 150.
29 Thunholm, at 195.
30 Vadstena, Berning 1918-31, telegram from A.D. Berning to Ivar Kreuger, Mar. 25, 1931.
31 Vadstena, Berning 1918-31, memorandum from A.D. Berning to Ivar Kreuger, Jan. 30, 1931; Vadstena, Berning 1918-31, letter from Ivar Kreuger to A.D. Berning, Feb. 11, 1931.
32 Thunholm, at 197.
33 Vadstena, Berning 1918-31, letter from A.D. Berning to Ivar Kreuger, Mar. 12, 1928.
34 Shaplen, at 126.
35 Vadstena, Berning 1918-31, telegram from Ivar Kreuger to A.D. Berning, Jul. 23, 1931.
36 Shaplen, at 152.
37 Vadstena, Berning 1918-31, telegram from Ivar Kreuger to A.D. Berning, May 13, 1931.
38 Shaplen, at 154.
39 Princeton, Box 6, Report of Edward S. Greenbaum, In the Matter of Aktiebolaget Kreuger & Toll, Mar. 5, 1934.
40 Shaplen, at 155.
41 Shaplen, at 156.
42 Riksarkivet, vol. 304, letter from Kreuger & Toll to Colonel Sosthenes Behn (IT&T), Apr. 6, 1932.
43 Riksarkivet, vol. 304, cable from American Kreuger & Toll to Lee Higginson, Jun. 18, 1931.
44 Vadstena, Berning 1918-31, letter from Donald Durant to Ivar Kreuger, Apr. 23, 1931.
45 Vadstena, Berning 1918-31, letter from Donald Durant to Ivar Kreuger, Apr. 23, 1931.
46 Vadstena, Berning 1918-31, letter from Donald Durant to Ivar Kreuger, Apr. 23, 1931.
47 Vadstena, Higginson: New York (Dondurant), 1931, cable from Ivar Kreuger to Donald Durant, Apr. 4, 1931.
48 Vadstena, Higginson: New York (Dondurant), 1931, letter from Donald Durant to Ivar Kreuger, May 30, 1931.
49 Vadstena, Higginson: New York (Dondurant), 1931, letter from Donald Durant to Ivar Kreuger, Jul. 1, 1931.
50 Stoneman, at 129.
51 Stoneman, at 130-31.
52 Princeton, Box 3, memorandum to S. A. Russell, Lee Higginson, Jul. 3, 1931.
53 Princeton, Box 3, letter from Donald Durant to Ivar Kreuger, Aug. 5, 1931, at 2.
54 Princeton, Box 3, letter from Ivar Kreuger to Donald Durant, Oct. 12, 1931, at 2.
55 Stoneman, at 130.
56 Princeton, Box 3, letter from Donald Durant to Ivar Kreuger, Nov. 1, 1931, at 1.
57 Princeton, Box 6, Summary of Testimony, In the Matter of Aktiebolaget Kreuger & Toll, US District Court, Southern District of New York, Feb. 6, 1933, at 4-5.
58 Vadstena, Berning 1918-31, letter from A.D. Berning to Ivar Kreuger, Oct. 30, 1931.
59 Vadstena, Berning 1918-31, telegram from Ivar Kreuger to A.D. Berning, Nov. 12, 1931.
60 Riksarkivet, vol. 0131, ser. F II a/b 1, Consolidated Balance Sheet, International Match Corporation and Constituent Companies, Dec. 31, 1930, at 2.
61 Vadstena, Berning 1918-31, letter from A.D. Berning to Ivar Kreuger, May 7, 1931.
62 Vadstena, Berning 1918-31, cable from A.D. Berning to Ivar Kreuger, May. 12, 1931.
63 Thunholm, at 202.
64 Thunholm, at 202-3.
65 Thunholm, at 206.
66 Thunholm, at 208.
67 “Exploring the Kreuger Legend,” The New York Times magazine, Jul. 24, 1932, at 1.
68 Shaplen, at 167.
69 Vadstena, K. Littorin 1931-2, cable from Krister Littorin to Ivar Kreuger, Nov. 24, 1931.
70 Shaplen, at 166.
71 Vadstena, vol. E XXV g: 62, cable from Krister Littorin to Ivar Kreuger, Sep. 19, 1931.
72 Vadstena, K. Littorin 1931-2, cable from Krister Littorin to Ivar Kreuger, Feb. 27, 1931.
73 Vadstena, K. Littorin 1931-2, cable from Krister Littorin to Ivar Kreuger, Apr. 13, 1931.
74 Vadstena, vol. E XXV g: 62, cable from Krister Littorin to Ivar Kreuger, Oct. 27, 1931.
75 Vadstena, vol. E XXV g: 62, cable from Krister Littorin to Ivar Kreuger, Oct. 28, 1931.
76 Vadstena, vol. E XXV g: 62, cable from Krister Littorin to Ivar Kreuger, Nov. 24, 1931.
77 Vadstena, K. Littorin 1931-2, cable from Krister Littorin to Ivar Kreuger, Nov. 26, 1931.
78 Vadstena, K. Littorin 1
931-2, cable from Krister Littorin to Ivar Kreuger, Nov. 26, 1931.
79 Vadstena, K. Littorin 1931-2, cable from Krister Littorin to Ivar Kreuger, Nov. 30, 1931.
80 Vadstena, K. Littorin 1931-2, cable from Krister Littorin to Ivar Kreuger, Nov. 30, 1931.
81 Shaplen, at 163.
82 Vadstena, Higginson: New York (Dondurant), 1931, cable from Donald Durant to Ivar Kreuger, Oct. 1931.
83 Vadstena, Higginson: New York (Dondurant), 1931, numerous cables.
84 Vadstena, Higginson: New York (Dondurant), 1931, cable from Ivar Kreuger to George Murnane, Aug. 14, 1931.
85 Vadstena, Higginson: New York (Dondurant), 1931, cable from Ivar Kreuger to George Murnane, Aug. 14, 1931.
86 Shaplen, at 169-70.
87 “Kreuger Forgeries Laid to Loan Deal,” The New York Times, Apr. 27, 1932, at 5.
88 “Untermyer to Sift Kreuger Concerns,” The New York Times, Apr. 23, 1932, at 23.
89 “Kreuger was ‘Fine,’ Says Woman Friend,” The New York Times, Apr. 24, 1932, at 9.
90 Shaplen, at 172.
91 Vadstena, K. Littorin 1931-2, cable from Krister Littorin to Ivar Kreuger, Nov. 30, 1931.
92 Vadstena, vol. E XXV g: 62, cable from Krister Littorin to Ivar Kreuger, Dec. 19, 1931.
93 “Coincidence,” New York Herald Tribune, December 23, 1931.
Chapter 11
1 “Kreuger Reassured Americans After Talk with Hoover Jan. 7,” The New York Times, Mar. 13, 1932, at 1.
2 Thunholm, at 217.
3 Thunholm, at 215.
4 Shaplen, at 181.
5 Vadstena, K. Littorin 1931-2, cable from Ivar Kreuger to Krister Littorin, Dec. 26, 1931.
6 Shaplen, at 181.
7 Vadstena, K. Littorin 1931-2, cable from Ivar Kreuger to Krister Littorin, Feb. 16, 1932.
8 Soloveychik, at 143.
9 Vadstena, K. Littorin 1931-2, cable from Ivar Kreuger to Krister Littorin, Feb. 16, 1932.
10 Shaplen, at 192-3.
11 Thunholm, at 220.
12 Edna Ferber, A Kind of Magic (Doubleday, 1963).
13 Soloveychik, at 33-4.
14 Shaplen, at 194.
15 Vadstena, K. Littorin 1931-2, cable from Ivar Kreuger to Krister Littorin, Feb. 16, 1932.
16 Edna Ferber, A Peculiar Treasure (Doubleday, 1938).
17 Shaplen, at 194-5.
18 Thunholm, at 219.
19 Vadstena, vol. E XXV g: 23, cable from Krister Littorin to Ivar Kreuger, Feb. 27, 1932.