Mayday Over Wichita

by D. W. Carter

  379. Ibid.; Kathy Sipult, “A Day of Death Vivid After 5 Years,” Wichita Eagle, January 16, 1970.

  380. Civil Action Case #3585, Report of the Fair-Mark Committee, 1967, 5, Shriver Papers.

  381. Ibid.

  382. Nancy Harris, “8 Suits Settled In 1965 Crash: U.S. to Pay $160,000 in Tanker-Crash Suits,” Wichita Eagle, March 27, 1967.

  383. Summary Report of Claims, Air Force Accident, January16, 1965, Wichita, Kansas, Shriver Papers.

  384. Harris, “8 Suits Settled.”

  385. Ibid.

  386. Ibid.

  387. Ibid.

  388. Barnes, “KC-135 Crash Payments.”

  389. Ibid.

  390. Hirschman, “Destruction Stunned City.”

  391. Clayton Koppes, “Victim of Disaster Lives in Agony,” Wichita Eagle, January 17, 1966.

  392. Harris, “8 Suits Settled.”

  393. Hirschman, “Destruction Stunned City.”

  394. Memo from Congressman Garner E. Shriver, “Recap-Air Force Claims Wichita Air Disaster-1-16-1965,” Shriver Papers.

  395. Hirschman, “Destruction Stunned City”; Wichita Eagle, “Damage Suits in Jet Tanker Crash Pass $1-Million,” February 22, 1966.

  396. Memo from Congressman Garner E. Shriver.

  397. Marvin Barnes, “Boeing Wins Crash Suit Dismissal,” Wichita Beacon, January 15, 1968.

  398. Harris, “8 Suits Settled.”

  399. Cotter, Jet Tanker Crash, 153.

  400. Widseth interview.

  401. Hubar interview.

  CHAPTER 17

  402. Bill Hirschman, “Day Will Not Die for Those Who Watched In Horror,” Wichita Eagle, January 16, 1985.

  403. Joshua 5:6, King James Version.

  404. David McCullough, The Path Between the Seas: The Creation of the Panama Canal, 1870–1914 (New York: Simon and Schuster), 1977.

  405. Judith R. Johnson and Craig L. Torbenson, “Stories from the Heartland: African American Experiences in Wichita, Kansas,” Kansas History 21, no.4 (1998–99): 222.

  406. Ibid.

  407. Kathy Sipult, “After 5 Years, Cold Day of Fiery Death Is Vivid,” Wichita Eagle, January 16, 1970.

  408. Widseth interview.

  409. Deb Gruver, “Crash Victims Given Tribute Families Recall Tragic Incident,” Wichita Eagle, June 10, 2001.

  410. John Polson, telephone interview with author, January 31, 2013.

  411. Ibid.

  412. Wichita Eagle and Beacon, “WSU Grid Team Plane Crashes; 29 of 40 Aboard Feared Dead,” October 3, 1970; National Transportation Safety Board, Martin 404, N464M 8 Statute Miles West of Silver Plume, Colorado, October 2, 1970. Aircraft Accident Report NTSB/AAR-71-4, Washington, D.C., 1970. http://www.airdisaster.com/reports/ntsb/AAR71-04.pdf (accessed November 12, 2012).

  413. “Memorial Fund Plans Formed,” The Sunflower 75, no. 11 (October, 9, 1970); “Football 70 Funds Grow to 11,600 in Donations,” The Sunflower 75, no. 13 (October 16, 1970), FF 1-47, Box 7, Wichita State University Libraries, Special Collections and University Archives.

  414. Thomas Carter, interview with author, January 18, 2013.

  415. City Council Proceedings, (Wichita, Kansas), City of Wichita Council Minutes, January 10, 2006, www.wichita.gov/NR/…/0/01102006Council_Minutes.doc (accessed December 12, 2012).

  416. Quote from Dr. Carla Lee during the City Council Proceedings in Wichita, Kansas, December 19, 2006. The total cost of the project is also noted in the same meeting, www.wichita.gov/NR/rdonlyres/…/12192006MINUTES.doc (accessed December 12, 2012).

  417. Christiana M. Woods, “Memorial in Place, 42 Years,” Wichita Eagle, June 29, 2007.

  418. Wichita Park and Recreation, “Piatt Memorial Park,” the City of Wichita Website, http://www.wichita.gov/CityOffices/Park/Parks/PiattMemorial/ (accessed December 12, 2012); City Council Proceedings, (Wichita, Kansas), City of Wichita Council Minutes November 9, 2004, www.wichita.gov/nr/…/0/11092004council_minutes.doc (accessed December 12, 2012).

  EPILOGUE

  419. Dr. Martin Luther King Jr., “Struggle for Racial Justice,” speech at Recognition Dinner, Atlanta, Georgia, January 27, 1965 (Newsweek file, Emory University Special Collections, Atlanta Georgia).

  420. Clyde G. Stevens, e-mail message to author, April 9, 2013.

  BIBLIOGRAPHY

  BOOKS

  Adair, Bill. The Mystery of Flight 427: Inside a Crash Investigation. Washington, D.C.: Smithsonian Institution Press, 2002.

  Boyne, Walter J. Beyond the Wild Blue: A History of the United States Air Force, 1947–2007. 2nd ed. New York: St. Martin’s Press, 2007.

  Budiansky, Stephen. Air Power: The Men, Machines, and Ideas That Revolutionized War, from Kitty Hawk to Gulf War II. New York: Penguin Group, 2004.

  Caro, Robert A. The Years of Lyndon Johnson: The Passage of Power. New York: Alfred A. Knopf, 2012.

  Cotter, Cornelius P. Jet Tanker Crash: Urban Response to Military Disaster. Lawrence: University of Kansas Press, 1968.

  Creveld, Martin Van. The Age of Air Power. New York: Public Affairs, 2011.

  Douhet, Giulio. The Command of the Air. New York: Coward-McCann, Inc., 1942. Reprint, Washington, D.C.: Office of Air Force History, 1983.

  Eick, Gretchen Cassel. Dissent in Wichita: The Civil Rights Movement in the Midwest, 1954–72. Chicago: University of Illinois Press, 2001.

  Gilbert, Bill. Air Power: Heroes and Heroism in American Flight Missions, 1916 to Today. New York: Citadel Press, 2003.

  Hall, R. Cargill, ed. Case Studies in Strategic Bombardment. Washington, D.C.: Air Force History and Museums Program, 1988.

  Herman, Judith. Trauma and Recovery: The Aftermath of Violence from Domestic Abuse to Political Terror. New York: Basic Books, 1992.

  Herring, George C. America’s Longest War: The United States and Vietnam, 1950–1975. 4th ed. New York: McGraw-Hill, 2002.

  Heywood, Joseph. Covered Waters: Tempests of a Nomadic Trouter. Guilford, CT: Lyons Press, 2003.

  Isserman Maurice, and Michael Kazin. America Divided: The Civil War of the 1960s. New York: Oxford University Press, 2000.

  Kohn, Richard H., and Joseph P. Harahan, eds. Strategic Air Warfare. USAF Warrior Studies. Washington, D.C.: Office of Air Force History, 1988.

  Langewiesche, Wolfgang. Stick and Rudder: An Explanation of the Art of Flying. New York: McGraw-Hill, 1972.

  Larsen, Steve. Heritage and Legacy: A Brief History of the 22d Air Refueling Wing and McConnell Air Force Base. Office of History 22d Air Refueling Wing, 2006.

  McFarland, Steven L. A Concise History of the U.S. Air Force. Air Force History and Museums Programs. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, 1997.

  McWilliams, John C. The 1960s Cultural Revolution. Westport, CT: Greenwood Press, 2000.

  Miner, Craig. Kansas: The History of the Sunflower State, 1854–2000. Lawrence: University Press of Kansas, 2002.

  ———. Wichita: The Magic City. Wichita, KS: Wichita-Sedgwick County Historical Museum Association, 1988.

  Moody, Walton S. Building a Strategic Air Force. Washington, D.C.: Air Force History and Museums Program, 1996.

  Mott, Lawrence V. The Development of the Rudder: A Technological Tale. Studies in Nautical Archaeology 3. College Station: Texas A&M University Press, 1997.

  Painter, Nell Irvin. Exodusters: Black Migration to Kansas after Reconstruction. New York: W.W. Norton & Company, 1976.

  Paret, Peter, ed. Makers of Modern Strategy: From Machiavelli to the Nuclear Age. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, 1986.

  Price, Jay. Wichita’s Legacy of Flight. Charleston, SC: Arcadia Publishing, 2003.

  Rodgers, Eugene. Flying High: The Story of Boeing and the Rise of the Jetliner Industry. New York: Atlantic Monthly Press, 1996.

  Turner Publishing, Airlift Tanker: History of U.S. Airlift and Tanker Forces. Paducah, KY: Turner Publishing, 1995.

  Wilson, Dreck Spurlock. African-American Architects: A Biographical Dictionary, 1865–1945. New York: Routledge, 2004.<
br />
  Wright, Mike. What They Didn’t Teach You About the 60s. Novato, CA: Presidio Press, Inc., 2001.

  NEWSPAPERS

  Kansas City Star

  Lawrence Journal-World

  London Times

  New York Times

  Topeka Capital Journal

  Wichita Beacon

  Wichita Eagle

  MANUSCRIPT SOURCES AND ARCHIVES

  Disaster Research Center, University of Delaware Library, Newark, DE.

  Kansas Collection, Spencer Research Library, University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS.

  Kansas Firefighters’ Museum Archives, Wichita, KS.

  Kansas State Historical Society, Topeka, KS.

  Special Collections, Ablah Library, Wichita State University, Wichita, KS.

  Topeka-Shawnee County Public Library, Topeka, KS.

  Wichita Public Library, Wichita, KS.

  Wichita-Sedgwick County Historical Museum, Wichita, KS.

  ARTICLES

  American Aviation Historical Society. “Boeing KC-135 Celebrates Fifty Years of Service.” September 8, 2006. http://www.aahs-online.org/articles/KC-135_turns_50.php (accessed January 12, 2012).

  Boeing Company. “Flight Data Recorder Rule Change.” Aero Magazine 2 (Spring 1998). Retrieved from: http://www.boeing.com/commercial/aeromagazine/aero_02/textonly/s01txt.html (accessed November 4, 2012).

  Casad, Robert C. “A Commentary on the Kansas Wrongful Death Act.” 13 U. Kan. L. Rev. 515 (1964–1965). http://hdl.handle.net/1808/861 (accessed June 12, 2011).

  Colella, Rick. “Overweight Landing? Fuel Jettison? What to Consider.” Aero Magazine 3rd Quarter (2007). http://www.boeing.com/commercial/aeromagazine/articles/qtr_3_07/AERO_Q307_article3.pdf (accessed June 3, 2012).

  Johnson, Judith R., and Craig L. Torbenson, “Stories from the Heartland: African American Experiences in Wichita, Kansas.” Kansas History 21, no. 4 (1998–99).

  Lautenschläger, Karl. “Controlling Military Technology.” Ethics 95, no. 3, Special Issue: Symposium on Ethics and Nuclear Deterrence (April 1985). http://www.jstor.org/stable/2381045 (accessed October 11, 2012).

  Scheck, William. “Lawrence Sperry Genius on Autopilot.” Aviation History 15, no. 2 (2004). http://connection.ebscohost.com/c/articles/14271981/lawrence-sperry-genius-autopilot (accessed November 20, 2011).

  Stone, Jeremy J. “Bomber Disarmament.” World Politics 17, no. 1 (October 1964). http://www.jstor.org/stable/2009385 (accessed October 11, 2012).

  Tibbitts, Clark. “Inventions and Discoveries” American Journal of Sociology 36, no. 6 (May 1931). http://www.jstor.org/stable/2767450 (accessed November 4, 2011).

  DISSERTATIONS AND PAPERS

  Eick, Gretchen. “‘Lift Every Voice’: The Civil Rights Movement and America’s Heartland, Wichita Kansas, 1954–1972.” PhD diss., University of Kansas, 1997.

  Miller, Angela. “Changes in Location of the African American Community in Wichita: An Overview with Three Oral Histories.” Study for the Kansas African American Museum, Fall 2000. Special Collections, Ablah Library, Wichita State University.

  PUBLIC DOCUMENTS

  National Register of Historic Places, Calvary Baptist Church, Wichita, Kansas, National Register # 88001905. http://www.kshs.org/resource/national_register/nominationsNRDB/Sedgwick_CalvaryBaptistChurchNR.pdf (accessed June, 21, 2010).

  National Research Council, Committee on Analysis of Air Force Engine Efficiency Improvement Options for Large, Non-fighter Aircraft, National Research Council. Improving the Efficiency of Engines for Large Non-fighter Aircraft. Washington, D.C.: National Academies Press, 2007.

  Singleton, Benjamin. Senate Report 693, III: 382.

  Tonkin Gulf Resolution. Public Law 88-408, 88th Congress, August 7, 1964. General Records of the United States Government. Record Group 11. National Archives.

  WEBSITES

  Boeing.com. “Defense, Space and Security: KC-135 Stratotanker.” http://www.boeing.com/defense-space/military/kc135-strat/index.html (accessed January 12, 2012).

  Crowder, James L. “Clinton-Sherman Air Force Base.” Oklahoma Historical Society. http://digital.library.okstate.edu/encyclopedia/entries/C/CL017.html (accessed January 21, 2012).

  National Museum of the Air Force. “Republic F-105D Thunderchief & F-100 Super Sabre in Southeast Asia.” http://www.nationalmuseum.af.mil/factsheets/factsheet.asp?id=311 (accessed December 2012).

  Wichita Park and Recreation. “Piatt Memorial Park.” City of Wichita Website. http://www.wichita.gov/CityOffices/Park/Parks/PiattMemorial/ (accessed December 12, 2012).

  REPORTS

  Banner, Warren M. A Review of the Economic and Cultural Problems of Wichita, Kansas, January-February, 1965. New York: National Urban League, 1965.

  Carpenter, Frank H., and Leonard H. Wesley Jr. “Community Response to Tragedy: A Case Study of the Air Crash of January 16, 1965 in Wichita, Kansas.” Department of Political Science, Wichita State University, May 21, 1965. University of Delaware, Disaster Research Center Library.

  City Council Proceedings (Wichita, Kansas). City of Wichita Council Minutes, January 10, 2006. www.wichita.gov/NR/…/0/01102006Council_Minutes.doc (accessed December 12, 2012).

  Goldman, Louis, Carl A. Bell Jr., et al. School and Society in One City. Wichita, KS: USD 259, July 1969.

  H.R. Report No. 104, 89th Cong. 1st sess., February 24, 1965.

  Kansas Advisory Committee to the U.S. Commission on Civil Rights. Police-Community Relations in the City of Wichita and Sedgwick County. Washington, D.C.: U.S. Commission on Civil Rights, July 1980.

  McGaughey, Tom. “Fire from the Sky Over Wichita.” Disaster Research Center Library, University of Delaware.

  National Transportation Safety Board. “Uncontrolled Collision with Terrain for Undetermined Reasons, United Airlines Flight 585, Boeing 737-291, N999UA, 4 Miles South of Colorado Springs, Colorado, March 3, 1991.” Aircraft Accident Report NTSB/AAR-92/06. Washington, D.C., 1992.

  ———. “Uncontrolled Collision with Terrain, United Airlines Flight 427, Boeing 737-300, N513AU near Aliquippa, Pennsylvania, September 8, 1994.” Aircraft Accident Report NTSB/AAR-99/01. Washington, D.C., 1994.

  Parr, Arnold L. “A Brief View of the Adequacy and Inadequacy of Disaster Plans and Preparations in Ten Community Crises.” Ohio State University, Department of Sociology, June 1969. University of Delaware, Disaster Research Center Library.

  The Report of the Fair-Mark Committee, 1967. Special Collections, Ablah Library, Wichita State University.

  Second Air Force Accident/Incident Report, 57-1442, 1965. Air Force Safety Center. Kirtland AFB, New Mexico.

  U.S., Department of Commerce, Bureau of the Census. General Population Characteristics: Kansas (PC (1)-B18). Table 23.

  Winter & Company. “A Survey of the Visual Character and Design Principles for Building in the College Hill Neighborhood.” Design in the College Hill Neighborhood, Wichita, Kansas. September 1998. Winter & Company, Boulder, Colorado. Special Collections, Ablah Library, Wichita State University.

  Wolfenbarger, Deon. “African American Resources in Wichita, Sedgwick County, Kansas.” Kansas State Historical Society. http://www.kshs.org/resource/national_register/MPS/AfricanAmericanResourcesinWichitaKS.pdf (accessed November 4, 2012).

  ABOUT THE AUTHOR

  D. W. Carter with his 1941 Corona typewriter. Author’s collection.

  D. W. Carter is a historian, author and educator in Kansas, specializing in military and social history. Originally from Elizabethtown, Kentucky, Carter first arrived in Wichita upon military orders stationing him at McConnell Air Force Base in 2003. Since then, Carter considers himself a transplant Kansan who currently resides in its capital city, Topeka.

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