Book Read Free

The Not-Quite States of America

Page 28

by Doug Mack


  Guam BBQ Block Party, 111

  Guam General Hospital, 158

  Guánica, Puerto Rico, 222

  guano, 17–18

  Guano Islands, 17–18, 135

  Guano Islands Act, 17

  guano-mining operations, 17–18

  Guantánamo Bay, 222, 275–76

  Guayama, Puerto Rico, 232–33, 239

  Guaynabo, Puerto Rico, 229

  güira, 214, 231

  Gus, 187

  Gutierrez, Carl, 120

  Hagåtña, Guam, 127, 140–41, 158

  Haile Selassie, 25–26

  Haiti, 18

  haligi, 127

  Hall, Clarence, 86–87

  Hamburg-American Line, 20

  Hamilton, Alexander, 8–9, 11, 12, 18

  Harper’s, 69, 122

  Harrison, Benjamin, 18

  Harris v. Rosario, 184

  Hassel Island, 6

  Hawaii, 12, 19, 65, 69–70, 82, 84, 135–38, 178, 179–80; annexation of, 69–70, 84, 222; incorporation of, 222–23; Kingdom of, 64, 84, 85; statehood and, 84–85, 86; U.S. Constitution and, 84–85

  “Hawaii, USA,” 85

  Hay, John, 124

  health insurance (Affordable Care Act), 40

  Hearst, William Randolph, 121, 122

  hedge funds, 256–57

  Hersey, John, 175

  Hillblom, Larry, 165

  Hiram Bithorn baseball stadium, 224

  Hiroshima, atomic bombing of, 174–75

  History and Conquest of the Philippines and Our Other Island Possessions, The, 69

  Hobsbawm, Eric, 237

  Holmes, Oliver Wendell, 156

  Honolulu, Hawaii, 135–38

  Hoover, Herbert, 30–31

  Hotel Robert Reimers, 200, 202

  House Armed Services Committee, 155

  House of Taga, 173

  Hovensa, 36–37, 218

  Howland Island, xx, 135–38, 184, 278

  Hui Panalä’au, 136–38

  human trafficking, 98–99

  Hunter, Glen, 184

  Hurricane Hugo, 42

  immigrants: undocumented, 98–99, 195–96. See also specific islands

  imperialism, 52–53, 69, 179, 219–20, 238–39, 277–78

  Imperial Moment, 52–53, 69, 219–20, 277, 278

  India, 178

  Indian Citizenship Act, 73

  indigenous peoples, 82

  indigenous traditions, 98

  Indonesia, 57

  Insular Cases, 53, 53n, 71, 73–75, 98–99, 129, 149–50, 156–57, 183–84, 223, 249, 252, 263–64, 273, 275–77

  insularity, 190, 218

  International Date Line, 75n

  Ioane (Will), 58–59, 61

  Isabel Segunda, Puerto Rico, 260

  iShip, 6, 9

  Island Hopper, 205

  “island-hopping,” 169–70

  islands, 16–17. See also specific islands

  Islas de Ladrones, 120

  Itasca, 136, 138

  Jamaica, 18, 25–26

  Jamaican Grill, 118

  Jamaicans, 180

  Japan, 154, 169, 176–77, 184, 278; atomic bombing of, 174–76; economic downturn in, 195; Guam and, 130–31, 140–42, 146–47; Imperial Navy of, 170; Marshall Islands and, 199, 199n, 203; Northern Mariana Islands and, 173–74; Pacific Islands and, 130–35, 138, 140–42, 169–70; World War II and, 145, 169–70, 174–76

  Japan Airways, 190

  Japanese Last Command Post, 170–71

  Jarvis Island, xx, 135–38, 278

  Jayuya, Puerto Rico, 241

  Jean P. Haydon Museum, 87

  Jefferson, Thomas, 11, 12

  Jeff’s Pirates Cove, 142–43

  Jenning, Alexander, 65n

  jibaros, 214, 226–27

  Jim Crow, 70

  Jobs, Steve, 6

  John Paul II, Pope, 126

  Johnson, Dwaye “the Rock,” 107

  Johnson, Giff, 200

  Johnson, Lyndon B., xv

  Johnson, Willis Fletcher, 84–85

  Johnston Atoll, xx, 273

  Jones Act, 117–18, 223, 257–58, 258n

  Jorge, 232, 233, 236–37, 239

  José Enrique, 231

  the Journal, 123

  Julia, 266

  Kahanu, George Sr., 136–37

  Kahanu, Noelle, 136

  Kaipat, Cinta, 185–88, 189, 272

  Kamehameha School for Boys, 135–36

  kelaguen, 118

  Kennedy, Aidan Caohman Vieques, 261

  Kennedy, Anthony, 275–76

  Kennedy, John F., 87, 177

  Kennedy, Robert F., Jr., 261

  Kensington Hotel, 168n

  Kentucky, 182

  Kerouac, Jack, xv

  Kidd, Benjamim, xxii

  Kidd, William, 28

  Kili Atoll, Marshall Islands, 200, 205

  Kil Soo Lee, 99

  Kingdom of EnenKio, 273

  Kingman Reef, xx

  King’s Creams, 258

  Kipling, Ruyard, 70

  Kiribati, 203

  Kirsten, Sven A., 65, 66, 85

  Kiska, 131

  Koreans, 176

  Kosrae, 177

  Kurin, Richard, 149

  Kwajalein Island, 204–5

  Kyle, 187

  Lae Atoll, 137

  La Fiesta, 190

  Lao Lao Bay, 190, 194

  La Perla, Old San Juan, Puerto Rico, 219–20

  Lapita people, 57–58

  La Ruta Panorámica, Puerto Rico, 253–54

  Las Vegas, 66

  Latin America, independence movements in, 11

  Latte of Freedom, 127, 155–56

  lattes (latte stones), 127, 173

  Latte Stone Park, 143

  “Laura” (Majuro Atoll), 199

  lavalavas, 61, 77, 95

  Lavatai, Tepora Toliniu, 90

  League of Nations, 130

  Lebrón, Lolita, 241–42

  lechón, 232

  Lee, Regine Biscoe, 152–53

  Leibowitz, Arnold, 51

  Leo, 247

  Leon, 4, 47

  Leone, American Samoa, 79

  Lesser Antilles, 6

  Ley de La Mordaza (Gag Law), 240

  Liberation Day (Guam), 143–44, 176

  Lili’uokalani, Queen, 84

  Lincoln, Abraham, 19

  Lind, Samuel, 211–13, 214, 227, 229, 230, 237

  Linda, 4–5, 47

  Little Boy, 174, 175, 200

  Lockhart, Ronnie, xii, 5–7, 8, 12, 20, 23, 26–28, 29, 38

  Loíza, Puerto Rico, 211–12, 229

  Look magazine, 85

  Los Angeles Times, 191n

  Louisiana, 11

  Louisiana Purchase, 11

  Luce, Henry, 148

  Lyndon B. Johnson Tropical Medical Center, 88

  Mack, Maren, xi, xvi–xvii, 31, 34, 47, 55, 57–59, 61, 66–68, 88, 91–96, 101–5, 172, 187, 205, 216, 266

  magazines, 69

  Magellan, Ferdinand, 120

  Mahan, Alfred Thayer, 121, 131, 278

  Main Street Bondholders, 256–57

  Majuro Atoll, Marshall Islands, 198–201, 204, 205

  Majuro Lagoon, 204

  Malaysia, 57, 278

  Mallorca buns, 216, 216n

  Malo, Davida, 84

  Mañagaha, 169

  Manchuria, 130

  manifest destiny, 12, 84, 115–16

  Manila, Philippines, 123, 129

  Manu’a Islands, 57, 65, 90, 93, 96

  Manu’atele, 57

  Mariana Islands, 120, 130, 168; partition of, 169; World War II and, 169–70. See also Guam; Northern Mariana Islands

  Marianas Trench Marine National Monument, 197

  Marina, Juan, 124

  Marine Corps Drive, 143

  marine waters, 89–90

  Marley, Bob, 25

  Mars, 117–18, 119, 158, 257–58

  Marshall Islands, 177, 198–200–2; cancer cases on, 200�
��201; climate change and, 205; diabetes in, 202; European Union and, 203; Germany and, 199; investment in infrastructure of, 203; Japan and, 199, 203; National Gym, 202, 203; nuclear testing on, 200–201, 204; political status of, 202; radiation cases on, 200–201; tourism and, 206; unemployment rate in, 202; United States and, 198–99, 200–205

  Marshall Islands Journal, 200

  Marshall Plan, 177, 184

  Martin, Mark, 261

  Massachusetts, 182

  Mata’afa, 63

  matais, 62–65, 74, 76, 80–81, 82, 89–90, 98–99, 106

  Matson, Elvin, 138

  mauby, 34

  Maugham, Somerset, 56

  Mau Piailug, 179–80

  Mayagüez, Puerto Rico, 241

  McCain, John, xxiii

  McDonald’s, 77, 154

  McKinley, William, xxii, 19, 64, 69, 70–71, 84, 121, 124–25, 129, 149, 156

  McMillin, George, 131

  Mead, Margaret, 96

  Medicaid, 40

  Medicare, 40

  Melville, Herman, 65

  Menen, 15–16

  merengue, 230

  Merizo, Guam, 142

  Mexico, 11, 54

  Meyers, Mr., 44–45

  Miami, Florida, 230

  Michener, James, 85

  Micronesia, 111, 127, 130–31, 176–77. See also Federated States of Micronesia (FSM); specific islands and countries

  Midway Atoll, xx, 135, 141, 273

  Mike, 46

  Mikio, Shichi, 133

  Miller, George, 192, 194

  Minor Outlying Islands, xiii, xx, xxviii, 149, 272–73. See also specific islands

  Miranda, Rafael, 241–42

  Mississippi, 11

  Miwa, Shigeyoshi, 170

  modernity, 180–81

  Monica, 12–14, 15–16, 41

  Monroe, James, 11

  Monroe Doctrine, 11, 62

  Montpellier Domino Club, 3, 46–47

  Montserrat, 182n

  Moorhead, Mario, 37

  Morse, Samuel, 233

  Mount Alava, American Samoa, 87, 91–95

  Mount Alava Adventure Trail, 91–95

  Mount Pagan, 187

  Mount Tapochau, Saipan, 171

  Ms., 193

  Muñoz Marín, Luis, 225, 236, 240, 243

  Muñoz Rivera, Luis, 243

  Murdoch, David Hamilton, 156–57

  Museo de Arte de Ponce, 258

  myth, 153–57

  Nagasaki, atomic bombing of, 174–75

  Naipaul, V. S., 25

  Nan’yo Kohatsu Kaisha (NKK), 173

  Naranjito, Puerto Rico, 241

  NASA, 87, 87n

  National Guard troops, in Puerto Rico, 241

  National Oceanic and Atmospheric (NOAA) Center, 58

  National Park of American Samoa, 91–95

  National Park of the Virgin Islands, 6

  National Public Radio, 228

  National Weather Service, 198

  Native Americans. See American Indians

  Native Lands Ordinance, 80

  naturalization, American Samoa and, 71–72

  Naval Base Guam, 151

  Naval War College, 121

  Navassa Island, xx, 17–18

  navigation, traditional, 179–80

  Neely’s Color Photos of America’s New Possessions, 69

  the Netherlands, 11, 24

  Nevada Test Site, 201

  Nevis, 8

  New Caledonia, 182n

  New Orleans, Louisiana, 18

  Newsweek, 42

  New York, New York, 230, 242

  New York Times, 20, 83, 191n, 193, 199n, 222, 242, 256, 259, 278

  New Zealand, 62, 65, 72, 75, 176, 182n

  NFL, 75–76, 107, 271

  Nicaragua, 12, 18

  Niedenthal, Jack, 201–2, 205. See also Bikini Jack

  Nipsic, 63

  nitroguanidine, 18

  noncitizen nationals, 73

  Noonan, Fred, 137

  Norma, 4, 47

  Norman, Greg, 190

  Northern Mariana Islands, xiii, xv, xix–xx, 42, 82, 161–207, 162, 272; administration of, 252; after World War II, 176–77; casualty rate in, 145; corruption in, 189; cultural traditions of, 181; designation of, xxvii–xxviii; enlistment rate in, 145; political status of, 179; referenda on incorporation with Guam, 179; U.S. occupation of, 176–77, 178

  North Field, Tinian, 172, 174

  Northwest Ordinance, 9–10, 11

  Northwest Territory, 10

  Nuclear Claims Tribunal, 201

  nuclear testing, 200–201

  Nu’uuli, American Samoa, 78, 79–80

  Nuyorican movement, 230

  Nuyorican Poets Café, 230

  Oasis of the Seas, 21

  Obama, Barack, 154, 263; administration of, 43

  O’Doul’s, 3

  Office of Insular Affairs, 251–52

  Okinawa, Japan, 152

  Old San Juan, Puerto Rico, 215–17, 219–21, 231

  Olga, 63

  Oliver, James, 30

  Olopai, Lino, 170, 177–82, 188, 206, 261

  Olympics, 237, 237n

  Omiya Jima, 140

  Operation Bootstrap, 225, 226, 227–28

  Oregon, 11–12, 62

  Oregon Treaty, 11

  Organic Acts, xxvii, 31, 43, 73, 74, 128, 151, 222–23

  Orote Peninsula, 123–24

  Our Island Empire, 69

  Our Islands and Their People, 69

  Our New Possessions, 69

  Pacific Islands, 153, 176–77, 178; casualty rate in, 145; China and, 203; enlistment rate in, 145; Japan and, 130–35, 138, 140–42, 169–70; political status of, 203; United States and, 135; World War II and, 138. See also specific islands

  Pacific Ocean, 11–12, 64

  Pacific War Museum, 139

  Pagan, Northern Mariana Islands, 169, 186–87

  Pagat, Guam, 153

  Pago Pago Harbor, American Samoa, 56, 58–60, 60n, 62–64, 87–90, 97–100, 145

  Paine, Thomas, 9

  Palau, 177, 198

  Palms Resort, 168

  Palmyra Atoll, xx, 85–86, 135, 273; births at, 86n; designation of, xxviii; incorporation of, 86; political status of, 86; U.S. Constitution and, 86

  palusami, 101

  Pamela, 27–29

  Panama Canal, 20, 29–30

  Panama Canal Zone, xxiii, 178

  pander, 214

  Partido Nacionalista (Puerto Rico), 240

  Partido Nuevo Progresista (PNP) (Puerto Rico), 229, 235

  Partido Popular Democrático (PPD) (Puerto Rico), 229, 235, 240

  Paseo de Marianas, 166

  Paseo Stadium, 158

  Pat-Borja, Ana Won, 153–54

  patronage, 189

  Pauline, 33–34

  PBS, 146

  pe’a, 106

  Peace Corps, 107, 177, 179, 201–2

  Pearl Harbor, attacks on, 131, 138, 176

  Pearson, Evalani, 66

  Pennsylvania, 182

  Peñuelas, Puerto Rico, 241

  Peru, 11

  Peterka, Laurie, 163–66, 168

  Pfizer, 255

  Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, 230

  the Philippines, 52, 73, 123–24, 182, 222, 278

  Phillips, Paul, 136

  Pictorial History of America’s New Possessions, 69

  Pierce, Franklin, 12, 18

  Pierluisi, Pedro, 228

  Piñero, Miguel, 230

  Pitcairn, 182n

  plantations, 169, 173

  Plasman, Jim, 201

  Plaza de España, Tumon, Guam, 126

  Plaza de las Americas, 224

  Plaza Palmer, 226

  plena, 230

  Pohnpei, 177

  Point Udall, Guam, 151

  Point Udall, Saint Croix, 37, 151

  Polaris Point submarine base, 151

  political party conventions, xxiii

  politics, 218

  Polk, James
, 11, 12, 18, 54

  polyglot cultures, 217–18

  Polynesia, 57, 65–66, 84–85. See also specific islands

  Polynesian culture, 108

  Ponce, Puerto Rico, 217, 241, 254, 258

  Ponce de León, Juan, 220

  Ponsa, Christina Duffy, 52–55, 53n, 63, 74, 82, 83, 222, 223, 229, 235, 273, 275

  Portugal, 11

  presidential primary elections, xxiii

  Presley, Elvis, 85

  proas, 120

  pro-expansion, 70

  Protestants, 129

  Public Radio International, 150

  Puerto Mosquito, Vieques, Puerto Rico, 265–67

  Puerto Rican Independence Party (PIP), 236–37, 239–40

  Puerto Ricans, 230

  Puerto Rico, xiii, xiv, xviii, xxiii, 52–54, 71, 73–74, 122–24, 150, 178, 182, 184, 209–67, 210; 1898 U.S. invasion of, 223; in 2004 Summer Olympics, 237; Act 20, 257; Act 22, 257; administration of, 252; agriculture in, 224–25; Americanization in, 229, 230; armed insurrection in, 241; autonomy movement in, 243; bankruptcy protection and, 256; citizenship and, 223; coffee industry in, 224; commonwealth status and, 183, 235; Constitution of, 256; corporations in, 255; debt of, 255–57; designation of, xxvii–xxviii, 182–83; doctors in, 228; economy of, 215–16, 220, 224–25, 239, 254–59, 271; employment rates in, 239; English language in, 237–38; enlistment from, 223; as Estado Libre Asociado (ELA), 235–36, 240–41, 276; Foraker Act, 222–23; government of, 258–59; Gran Migración (Grand Migration) from, 227–28, 230; higher education in, 226; independence and, 213–14; independence movement in, 221, 223, 238–39, 250–51; industrialization of, 224–25; Jones Act and, 257–58; legislature of, 236, 239–40; Ley de La Mordaza (Gag Law) in, 240; manufacturing in, 225, 255; martial law in, 241; modernization of, 224–25; municipal bonds in, 255–56; music of, 214, 226–27, 230–31; National Guard troops in, 241; nationalists in, 237, 240–42, 243; needlepoint in, 225; Olympic team, 237, 237n; Organic Act, 222–23; party politics and, 264; pharmaceutical corporations in, 255; political representation of, 263–65; political status of, 182–83, 213–15, 222–23, 228–30, 234, 235–41, 263–64, 276–79; postwar development of, 224–25; presidential election of 2012 and, 263; referenda in, 263, 277; size of, 217; slavery in, 225; Spain and, 223; Spanish imperialism and, 238–39; Spanish language in, 237–38; statehood and, 213–14, 229–30, 234–35, 238, 263–64, 276, 278–79; sugar industry in, 224; sugar plantations in, 225; taxes in, 245, 245n, 255, 257; tobacco industry in, 224; tourism and, 260; tourism in, 224–25; United States and, 222–25, 236, 238–41, 252, 256–59, 263–65, 277; U.S. Congress and, 236, 256–59, 263–65, 277; U.S. imperialism and, 238–39; U.S. military and, 222–23; World War II and, 145; Zika virus and, 271–72

 

‹ Prev