The Story of the Scrolls
Page 23
Christianity 58–9, 61, 91, 221–7, 235, 237–8, 239, see also Jesus Christ
Clermont-Ganneau, Charles 32, 39, 52
Codex pseudepigraphus Veteris Testamenti (Fabricius) 13–14
Codex Sinaiticus 111
codicology 96–8
Commentary on Psalm 37 Scroll 57, 60
Community Rule Scroll
discovery/early blunders 25–6, 29
and the The école Biblique 43, 56
weekly seminars 85
fresh interpretation 97–8, 121–2, 127
source of legislation 129–30, 133
and celibacy 141–2
and prayer 143, 146–7
ceremony/festivals 149, 153–6
identifying Qumran sect 185–6
Damascus Document/Judaism 215
and Christianity 225, 232
Contenson, Henri de 40
Copper Scroll 27, 51, 60, 64, 167–9
Covenant, the 148–9, 152–3, 155, 187
Cowley, Sir Arthur 15
Cross, Frank Moore 65–6, 68, 73–5, 169
Crown, Alan 174, 180–81
Dajani, Awni 51
Dalman, Gustaf 32
Damascus Document
description 16
possible origin/links 42, 55
sectarian composition 119–27, 130–32
history 138–9, 142
calendar 144
the Exhortation 158–9, 203, 205–6
obscure historical allusions 164–5
the married group 183
cultic matters 188
and Judaism 215, 220
midrashic lawmaking 218
and Christianity 222–3, 225, 228
de Saulcy, Louis-Félicien Caignart 31–2
de Vaux, Roland
early blunders 24–5, 27, 31–40
future troubles 44–51, 56
the Scrolls and Christianity 60–61
politics 65–6, 74
death of 67, 72
closed-shop system 80
conspiracy allegations 90–92
and the Copper Scroll 167
conduct of excavations 172–5
religious community theory 180–81
discovery of a hatchet 193
historical references 207
Dead Sea Scrolls Bible, The (Abegg and ors) 102, 113, 215
Dead Sea Scrolls Deception, The (Baigent/Leigh) 89, 91
Dead Sea Scrolls: Qumran in Perspective (Vermes) 69
Dead Sea Scrolls scholarship 43
Demetrius 205
Deuteronomy Scroll of Shapira (fake) 52
Dillmann, August 15
Discoveries in the Judaean Desert
vol I 46, 50–51
vol II 63
vol III 64, 167
vol VI 66
vol VII 67
vol X 73, 88
vol XL 73
vol XVII 73
vol XXXII 73
vol XXXIV 73
vol XXXVII 73
vol XXVI 80
vol XXXVI 80
Discoveries in the Judaean Desert of Jordan, vol V 65, 73
Discovery in the Judean Desert (Vermes) 210
Divino Afflante Spiritu (Pope Pius XII) 18
Documents from the Bar Kokhba Period (Lewis) 64
Donceel, Robert 174–5
Donceel-Voûte, Pauline 174–5
Driver, Godfrey 52–3, 189
Drori, Amir 81
Dupont-Sommer, André 26–7, 54, 56, 58–60, 169, 173, 207
Ecclesiasticus see Hebrew Wisdom of Jesus ben Sira
école Biblique 44–6, 50, 53
Eisenman, Robert H. 58, 86, 91, 135, 190–91, 222
Elior, Rachel 200–202
Engedi 197
Enoch, Book of 102, 112–13, 138, 160
Eshel, Esther 169, 181, 209
Eshel, Hanan 209
Essenes, the
inhabitants of Qumran 30, 33, 37, 39, 56, 118
different views 173, 175, 178
history 192–201, 210
and marriage 234–6
Esther, book of 101–2, 215
Ethiopia 15
Eucharist, 151
Eusebius 41–2
Exodus 105
Fabricius, J. A. 13–15
Facsimile Edition of the Dead Sea Scrolls (Eisenman/Robinson) 86–7
feast of oil 138
Feast of the Renewal of the Covenant 142, 187
Flavius Josephus
and Vespasian 37
informed historian 100–101
and the Scripture narrative 109, 160, 164
and the Temple 168
and the Essenes 192–202, 211, 234
miscalculations 205
New Testament source 219
Flint, Peter 102, 113
Florilegium 164
Fragments of a Zadokite Work see Damascus Document
‘furious young lion’ 164
Geller, Mark 75
Genesis Apocryphon 24, 26, 54, 97–8, 160–61, 216
Giants, Book of the 113
Gibson, Margaret Dunlop 14
Golb, Norman 173–4, 177
Golden Jubilee Congress 87
Gomorrha 32
Goodman, Martin 81, 199–200
Greek Septuagint (LXX) 105
Gregory XIII, Pope 146
Groningen hypothesis 210
Guardian, the (priest) 130–31, 186–7
Habakkuk and Nahum Commentaries Scroll
discovery 26
publication 43
evaluation of 55–6, 60
description/fresh analysis 108–9, 121, 139, 162–4, 191, 205, 207
and Christianity 223, 229
halakhah 217–18
Hammond, Norman 82
Harding, Gerald Lankester 24, 32, 44
Hebrew Ben Sira manuscript 42
Hebrew Ecclesiasticus 110
Hebrew Masoretic text (MT) 104–8
Hebrew Wisdom of Jesus ben Sira 14, 100, 110
Hidden Scrolls from the Judaean Desert 25
Hirschfeld, Yizhar 175–7, 179, 197
Humbert, Jean-Baptiste 34, 174–5
Huntington Library 83–5
Hunzinger, Claus Hunno 65, 73
Interpreter of the Law 164
Isaiah, book of 18, 20, 26
Isaiah Scrolls 29, 43–4, 55
Israel Antiquities Authority (IAA) 78, 80–81, 83–8
Jacob al-Qirqisani 41–2
Jerome St. 101
Jesus ben Sira 14, 30, 100, 110
Jesus Christ 58–60, 100, 151, 190–91, 219–28, 231, 233–7, see also Christianity
Jewish Antiquities (Flavius Josephus) 109, 160, 211
John the Baptist 221–2, 235–6
John (Essene) 37
John Hyrcanus I 35
John Paul II, Pope 19
Jonathan Maccabaeus 208–9, 211
Jordanian Department of Antiquities 47
Jubilees, Book of 15, 30, 113, 138, 144, 215
Judah Aristobulus I 34
Judas 211
Kahle, Paul 11, 53–4
Kando 21, 23, 29
Kautzsch, Emil 16
Khalil Eskander Shahin see Kando
Khirbet Qumran 24–5, 31, 33, 52
Kittel, Rudolf 11
Kittim-Romans 121, 134–5, 163–4, 190, 197, 206
Kuhn, Karl Georg 28
Lacoudre, Nöel 167
Lagrange, Marie-Joseph 45
Lash, Norman 24
late Second Temple era 13
Lawrence, Robert 15
Layard, Austen Henry 13
Leigh, Richard 89–90
Leningrad Codex 11–12, 26
Les devanciers d’Aquila 48
Les manuscrits du désert de Juda (Vermes) 50
Levi, tribe of 122–4, 128, 130
Leviticus 216
Lewis, Agnes Smith 14
Lewis, N. 64
Lim, Timothy H. 88
Lippens, Philip 24
Madaba (Jordan) 39
Magen, Yitzhak 176, 180
Magness, Jodi 180–81
Manual of Discipline Scroll see Community Rule Scroll
Margoliouth, G. 222
Masada 30, 37–8, 110, 190, 197
Masada Ecclesiasticus 111
Mazar, Benjamin 197
Meditation, Book of 123, 127
Menahem 211
Messiah 151–2
Milik, Józef Tadeusz 46–51, 63–5, 68, 73, 75, 79, 113, 169
Millar, Fergus 75
Miqsat Ma’ase ha-Torah (Qumran document) 87
Mishnah tractates 218–19
Moffett, William A. 83–5
Morgenstern, Matthew Moshe 98
Moses Apocryphon 116, 116–17
Muhammed edh-Dhib 21, 24, 42, 45
Nestle, Eberhard 12
Nestle, Erwin 12
Novum Testamentum Graece (E & E Nestle) 12
O’Callaghan, José 28, 68, 160, 224
On the Contemplative Life (Philo) 191
On Scrolls, Artefacts and Intellectual Property (Lim and ors) 88
ostraca 169–70
Oxford University Press 67–9
Oxyrhynchus fragments 77
Parables, Book of the, (Enoch) 113
Patrich, J. 175
Paul VI, Pope 19
Peleg, Yuval 176, 180
Pentateuch, the 17
Period Ia level 34–5
Period Ib level 35–6, 38, 181
Period II level 36, 38
Period III level 36
pesher/pesharim 119, 162–4, 206, 217, 229, 237
Pharisees 189, 193, 219
Philo of Alexandria 191–6, 199, 201–2, 234
Pius X, Pope 17
Pliny the Elder 192–4, 196–8, 201–2
Pontifical Biblical Commission 17–18, 90
prayers 142–3, 146–7, 156
Preliminary Edition of the Unpublished Dead Sea Scrolls 82
Prince of the Congregation see Messiah
Psalms Scroll 64, 102, 115
Pseudepigrapha 14–16, 102, 112–14
Puech, émile 73, 82, 167–8, 209, 224
Qimron, Elisha 78, 87–8, 140, 209
Qirqisani 42
Qumran
yielding its secrets 27–30, 31–3, 36–43
and the école Biblique 45–6, 50
controversy 52, 54–6
and Christianity 58–9, 221–37
and politics 63, 65
aftermath 74
legacy of 96–7
techniques of 97–100
equality of bibles 102
categorisation of scriptural manuscripts 103–4
existence of biblical books 103
evidence of 104–113
Jewish Literature 114–17
sectarian documents 118–24, 133–41, 143, 146–8, 151, 156, 158–66, 169
and the Copper Scroll 167
interpretation of archaeological finds 171–82
identifying sect 182–96
and the Essene sect 196–202, 203–8, 211–13
Maccabaean theory 208–210
and Judaism 213–21
Qumran in Context
(Hirschfeld) 175
Rabbi Akiba 216
Ratzinger, Cardinal Joseph see Benedict XVI, Pope
Reich, Ronny 179
Roberts, C. H. 67–8, 224
Robinson, James M. 86
Roman Catholic Church 17–18
Roth, Cecil 189
Rowley, H. H. 204, 207
Rule of the Congregation 126–9, 142, 150–51
Rules, the 119–20
Sadducees 189, 219
Samaritan Torah 104–5, 108
Sanders, James A. 64
Sapiential Works 165–6
Schechter, Solomon 14, 16, 221–2
Scribal Practices and Approaches (Tov) 104
Scroll of Hymns 43
sectarian documents 118–42, 142–58
Septuagint 105–8, 214
Shanks, Hershel 78, 87
Shapira, William Moses 52
Simeon bar Kosiba 63
Simon Maccabaeus 208–9, 211
Sirach, Book of Sirach see Hebrew Wisdom of Jesus ben Sira
Six Day War 66, 70
Skehan, Patrick 48, 65, 68–9, 72
‘Some Observances of the Law’ manuscripts (MMT) 140–41, 209
Song of Solomon 100
Songs of the Holocaust of the Sabbath 147–8
Songs of the Sabbath Sacrifice Scroll 190
Starcky, Jean 48, 65, 68, 72
Steckoll, H. 39
Strange, James F. 169
Strugnell, John 48, 65–6, 68, 70, 73, 75–81, 140, 209
Sukenik, Eleazar Lipa 21–2, 24–5, 44, 56, 173, 191
symposium 75–8
Talmon, Shemaryahu 109
Taylor, Charles 14
Teacher of Righteousness
poems 156–7
interpretation/identification 158–60, 163, 187, 209–210, 220, 222–3
world view 226–7
features of 229, 237
Teicher, Jacob 190–91, 222
Temple Scroll 29, 54, 90, 120, 125–6, 133–40, 145, 188
TeNaK 100
Testament of Levi manuscript 42
Testimonia 164
Textual Criticism of the Hebrew Bible (Tov) 104
Thanksgiving Hymns Scroll 44, 56, 156
The sacred Mushroom and the Cross (Allegro) 61–2
Thiede, Carsten Peter 160, 224
Thiering, Barbara 58, 190, 222
Timotheus I 41–2
Tobit, Book of 30, 110–112
Tov, Emanuel 66, 74, 78–80, 86, 103–4
Treasure of the Copper Scroll, The (Allegro) 51, 167
Trever, John C. 22, 25
Ugarit (Ras Shamra) 13
Ulrich, Eugene 72, 102, 113
Urtext, the 11, 104
Vespasian, Emperor 37
Victor, Pope 146
Vincent, L. H. 9, 53
Wacholder, Ben Zion 82
Wadi Murabba‘at 63–4
War, Book of 121, 135, 164, 206
War Scroll 43–4, 73, 121, 127–8, 133–5, 164, 190, 201, 206
Wicked Priest 163, 207–210, 220, 222
Wisdom of Jesus ben Sira 14, 30
Wise, Michael 91, 135
Wolfson, Leonard (Lord Wolfson) 29
Wright Baker, H. 27–8
Wright, W. E. 23
Yadin, Yigael 22, 26, 29, 44, 64, 66, 90, 111
Yardeni, Ada 169–70, 209
YHWH 217
Zadokite priests 122–3, 127–8, 130–31, 141, 152–3, 183–8, 199, 209
Zealot-Sicarii theory 189–90
Zeitlin, Solomon 52–3
Zias, Joseph 40, 182