Penguin History of the United States of America
Page 104
JOHN HOPE FRANKLIN, The Militant South (Cambridge, Mass., Harvard University Press, 1956).
EUGENE GENOVESE, Roll, Jordan, Roll: The World the Slaves Made (New York, Pantheon Books, 1974).
D. L. DUMOND, Anti-Slavery (Ann Arbor, University of Michigan Press, 1961).
MERTON L. DILLON, The Abolitionists: The Growth of a Dissident Minority (New York and London, W. W. Norton, 1974).
W. R. BROCK, Conflict and Transformation: The United States, 1844–1877 (Harmondsworth, Penguin Books, 1973).
MARK TWAIN, Tom Sawyer.
MARK TWAIN, Huckleberry Finn.
HARRIET BEECHER STOWE, Uncle Tom’s Cabin.
BRUCE COLLINS, The Origins of America’s Civil War (London, Arnold, 1981).
ERIC FONER, Free Soil, Free Labour, Free Men (New York, Oxford University Press, 1970).
DAVID M. POTTER, The Impending Crisis (New York and London, Harper &Row, 1976).
STEPHEN VINCENT BENÉT, John Brown’s Body (New York, Farrar & Rinehart, 1928).
STEPHEN B.OATES, With Malice Toward None: The Life of Abraham Lincoln (London, Allen & Unwin, 1978).
PETER J. PARISH, The American Civil War (London, Eyre Methuen, 1975).
JAMES M. MCPHERSON, Battle Cry of Freedom: the Civil War Era (New York, Oxford University Press, 1988).
EDMUND WILSON, Patriotic Gore: Studies in the Literature of the American Civil War (New York, Oxford University Press, 1962).
KENNETH M. STAMPP, The Era of Reconstruction (London, Eyre & Spottiswoode, 1965).
E. L. MCKITRICK, Andrew Johnson and Reconstruction (Chicago and London, University of Chicago Press, 1960).
W. E. B. DU BOIS, Black Reconstruction in America (London, Frank Cass, 1966).
C. VANN WOODWARD, The Origins of the New South (Baton Rouge, Louisiana, Louisiana State University Press and the University of Texas Press, 1951).
W. J. CASH, The Mind of the South (New York, Knopf, 1941).
E. C. KIRKLAND, Industry Comes of Age (New York, Holt, Rinehart & Winston, 1951).
HENRY JAMES, Washington Square.
OSCAR HANDLIN, Immigration as a Factor in American History (Englewood Cliffs, NJ, Prentice-Hall, 1959).
MALDWYN A. JONES, American Immigration (Chicago and London, University of Chicago, 1960).
PHILIP TAYLOR, The Distant Magnet (London, Eyre & Spottiswoode, 1971).
JOHN HIGHAM, Strangersin the Land: Patterns of American Nativism 1860–1925 (New York, Atheneum, 1963).
STEPHAN THERNSTROM (ed.), Harvard Encyclopedia of American Ethnic Groups (Cambridge, Mass.; London, Harvard University Press, 1980).
JAMES BRYCE, The American Commonwealth. Edited with an Introduction by Terrence J. McDonald (Bedford Books, 1994).
WILLIAM L. O’RIORDAN, Plunkitt of Tammany Hall.
DANIEL BOORSTIN, The Americans: The Democratic Experience (New York, Random House, 1973).
HENRY PELLING, American Labor (Chicago and London, University of Chicago Press, 1960).
ROBERT H. WIEBE, The Search for Order, 1877–1920 (New York and London, Macmillan, 1967).
JOHN D. HICKS, The Populist Revolt (Minneapolis, University of Minnesota Press, 1931).
LAWRENCE GOODWYN, The Populist Movement (New York, Oxford University Press, 1978).
MARK SULLIVAN, Our Times (New York, Scribner’s, 6 vols., 1926–35).
GEORGE B. TINDALL, The Emergence of the New South (Baton Rouge, Louisiana State University and University of Texas, 1967).
C. VANN WOODWARD, The Strange Career of Jim Crow (New York, Oxford University Press, 3rd revised edn, 1974).
LINCOLN STEFFENS, The Shame of the Cities.
JOHN M. BLUM, The Republican Roosevelt (Cambridge, Mass., Harvard University Press, 1954).
PATRICK RENSHAW, The Wobblies (London, Eyre & Spottiswoode, 1967).
GEORGE E. MOWRY, The California Progressives (Berkeley, University of California Press, 1951).
JOHN M. BLUM, Woodrow Wilson and the Politics of Morality (Boston, Little, Brown, 1956).
GEORGE KENNAN, American Diplomacy 1900–1950 (Chicago, University of Chicago Press, 1951).
BARBARA TUCHMAN, The Zimmermann Telegram (New York, Dell, 1958).
GENE SMITH, When the Cheering Stopped (London, Hutchinson, 1964).
WILLIAM E. LEUCHTENBURG, The Perils of Prosperity 1914–1932 (Chicago, University of Chicago Press, 1958).
F. SCOTT FITZGERALD, The Great Gatsby.
ANDREW SINCLAIR, Prohibition (London, Faber, 1962).
SAMUEL LUBELL, The Future of American Politics (Garden City, NY, Doubleday, 2nd revised edn 1956).
J. K. GALBRAITH, The Great Crash (London, Hamish Hamilton, 1955).
STUDS TERKEL, Hard Times: An Oral History of the Great Depression (New York, Pantheon, 1970).
WILLIAM E. LEUCHTENBURG, Franklin D. Roosevelt and the New Deal (New York and London, Harper & Row, 1963).
JAMES MACGREGOR BURNS, Roosevelt: The Lion and the Fox (New York, Harcourt, Brace, 1956).
D. W. BROGAN, The American Political System (London, Hamish Hamilton, with new introduction, 1943).
DEAN ACHESON, Morning and Noon (London, Hamish Hamilton, 1967).
RICHARD POLENBERG, One Nation Divisible (Harmondsworth, Penguin Books, 1980).
HERBERTFEIS, The Road to Pearl Harbor (Princeton, NJ, Princeton University Press, 1950).
JAMES MACGREGOR BURNS, Roosevelt: The Soldier of Freedom (London, Weidenfeld & Nicolson, 1971).
DANIEL YERGIN Shattered Peace: The Origins of the Cold War and the National Security State (Harmondsworth, Penguin Books, 1980).
DEANACHESON, Present at the Creation (London, Hamish Hamilton, 1969).
DAVID CAUTE, The Great Fear (London, Seeker & Warburg, 1978).
RICHARD H. ROVERE, Senator Joe McCarthy (London, Methuen, 1960).
THEODORE H. WHITE, The Making of the President 1960 (London, Cape, 1962).
TAYLOR BRANCH, Parting the Waters (New York, Simon & Schuster, 1988).
DAVID J. GARROW, Bearing the Cross: Martin Luther King and Southern Christian Leadership Conference (New York, Morrow, 1986).
MICHAEL HARRINGTON, The Other America: Poverty in the United States (Harmondsworth, Penguin Books, revised edn, 1971).
ROBERT F. KENNEDY, Thirteen Days: The Cuban Missile Crisis (London, Macmillan, 1969).
GERALD POSNER, Case Closed: Lee Harvey Oswald and the Assassination of JFK (London, Warren, 1994).
NEIL SHEEHAN (ed.), The Pentagon Papers (Chicago, Quadrangle Books, 1971).
MICHAEL R. BESCHLOSS, Taking Charge: the Johnson White House Tapes, 1963–1964 (New York, Simon and Schuster, 1998).
GUENTER LEWY, America in Vietnam (New York, Oxford University Press, 1978).
J. ANTHONY LUKAS, Nightmare: The Underside of the Nixon Years (New York, Viking, 1976).
DAVID P. CALLEO, The Imperious Economy (Cambridge, Mass., Harvard University Press, 1982).
MICHAEL FRENCH, US Economic History Since 1945 (Manchester, Manchester University Press, 1997).
WILLIAM ISSEL, Social Change in the United States 1945–1983 (London, Macmillan, 1985).
JOHN DUMBRELL, American Foreign Policy: Carter to Clinton (London, Macmillan, 1997).
IWANW. MORGAN, Beyond the Liberal Consensus: A Political History of the United States Since 1965 (London, Hurst, 1994).
Index
Abilene, Kansas, 246, 379
Abolitionism (see also Anti-slavery), 199, 283, 287, 290, 292–4, 295, 296, 298, 301, 302, 304, 305, 306, 307, 348, 412, 414, 620
and John Brown, 308–9
and Civil War, 323–4, 328, 329, 331, 332
Abortion, 678, 679–80
Acheson, Dean, 592, 593, 594, 602, 625
quoted, 519, 597
Adams, Abigail, 171n
Adams, Charles Francis, 301, 312
Adams, Henry, 410, 449
Adams, John (Pres. 1797–1801), 50, 155, 176, 187, 193, 195, 210, 263, 271, 500
as patriot leader, 137
and Declaration of Independence, 174–5<
br />
and Peace of Paris, 185
as Vice-Pres., 257
as Pres., 209, 211–12, 252n, 261–2, 272
quoted, on James Otis, 125; on revolutionary crowd, 127; on the Revolution, 135; on Samuel Adams, 138; on Boston taverns, 139; on Boston Tea Party, 159
also quoted, 152, I56n, 176, 178
Adams, John Quincy (Pres. 1825–9), 66, 254, 255, 266, 271, 272–3, 276, 296, 370, 449
Adams, Samuel, 400, 425, 598
early life and character, 138–9
as first political boss, 139
as patriot leader, 141n, 147–50, 153–4, 156, 159
as agitator, 152, 273
and Boston Tea Party, 159
after 1783, 190, 195, 256
and ratification of Constitution, 201–2
Aerospace industry, 566, 587
‘affirmative action’, 676
Afghanistan, 681, 682, 690, 692
Africa, 4, 11, 28, 101–3, 280–81, 295, 438, 450, 619, 681
African-Americans (see also Free blacks; Freedmen, black; Slavery; Slaves), 62, 95, 99, 101, 102–3, 105, 243, 280, 284, 288–9
in revolutionary crowd,127
in the North, 127, 293, 372, 619, 620, 622, 624, 675
in Civil War, 332, 334
and Abraham Lincoln, 344
under Reconstruction, 349–72 passim
in New York City, 401
in the South, 433
and First World War, 478–9, 624
in the Depression, 620
and New Deal, 538–9, 545, 547, 582
since 1941, 588, 595, 615–44
black middle class, 626, 642, 644
and Vietnam War, 646, 659
Bakke case, 676
Africans, 28, 64, 68, 99, 103, 107, 108, 199, 281, 285, 287
Agnew, Spiro T., 667
Agricultural Adjustment Act, 525, 538
Agricultural Adjustment Administration (‘Triple A’), 535–9, 549
Agriculture, Secretary of, 536, 539, 611
Agriculture (see also Cotton; Farmers; Maize; Wheat), 250, 286, 288, 358, 366, 379–80, 396, 618, 637
Agriculture, US Department of, 454
Aguinaldo, Emilio, 441
Air Force, US, 571, 587
Alabama, 67, 187, 227, 283, 286, 294, 307, 311, 361, 364, 372, 423, 618
and civil rights movement, 627, 635, 660–61
Alabama, Florida, and Shenandoah, CSS, 334
Alabama, University of, 661
Alamance River, Battle of the, 153
Alamogordo, New Mexico, 585
Alaska, 421, 499, 688n
Purchase of, 356
Albany, New York, 35
Albany Plan and conference, 109, 106, 131, 142
Albany Regency, 267, 269, 272, 276, 369
Albemarle Sound, 52
Aldrich, Sen. Nelson Wilmarth, 456, 492
Algeciras Conference, 468
Algeria, 652
Alien and Sedition Acts (1798), 262, 272–3, 478
Allegheny mountains, 19, 179
Allen, Rev. John, 179
Allen, William, 96
Altgeld, Gov. John Peter, 430, 431, 433
Alton, Illinois, 293n
Amalgamated Clothing Workers, 535
America, Central, 5, 11
America First Committee, 558, 559, 567–8
American Colonisation
Society, 295
American Federation of Labor (AFL), 404, 419–21, 459, 477, 506, 530, 531–2, 535, 567, 603, 621
American Historical Association, 393
American Legion, 588
American Missionary Association, 361
American Party see ‘Know Nothings’
American Railway Union, 421
American system, 271–2, 278
‘American way of life’, 93, 192, 273, 437, 588
Americanism, 264, 444, 582
Amherst, Gen. Sir Jeffrey, 112, 120
Amsterdam, 36, 39
Anden regime see Old order
Anderson, Major Robert, 314, 316
Angell, Norman, 476
Anglicanism see Church of England; Episcopalianism
Anglo-American, 55–6, 57–8, 64
Animals, North American, extinction of, 9
Annapolis, Maryland, 194
US Naval Academy, 656
Anne, Queen, 12, 78, 85
Anthony, Susan Brownell, 464n
Anti-Americanism, 658
Anti-Catholicism, 162n, 404, 465, 504
Anti-colonialism, 484, 578, 647
Anti-communism, 591, 592–3, 602, 651, 652
Anti-Federalism, 200–204, 206, 213, 315
Anti-Masonic Party, 278
Anti-semitism, 556, 558
Anti-slavery (see also Abolitionism), 229, 243, 292, 295, 300, 307, 308
Germantown petition, 99
and A. Revolution, 179–80
in England, 180
ends slavery in the North, 280
and Kansas-Nebraska Act, 203
and Republican Party, 303
and Kansas, 305
and Civil War, 323–4
Anti-trust, 455, 461
‘trust-busting’, 451
Antietam, Battle of, 327, 329, 330, 333
Appalachian mountains, 13n, 66, 88, 104, 120, 183, 221, 223, 237, 259, 308
Appomattox Court House, 69, 344, 346, 348–9, 364, 377, 425, 615
Apprentices, 127
Argall, Samuel, 23
Argentina, 513
Argonne, Battle of the, 479
Aristocracy
in America, 104–6, 268
in Britain, 77–80
in Europe, 6, 105, 106
Arizona, 279, 587, 635
Arkansas, 316, 368, 568, 628, 661
Armada, Spanish, 7, 12
Armour Co., Philip D., 422
Army, British
in America, 112, 113, 119, 143
during Seven Years War, 118–20
and New York riots, 136
withdrawn from West, 149
in Boston, 149, 150, 151–3
in War of the Revolution, 168, 170, 172, 183, 184
Army of the Cumberland, 340, 343
Army of Northern Virginia, 335–7, 34O, 346
Army of the Potomac, 321, 325–7, 333, 335–7, 340–41, 426
Army, US, 68, 203, 245, 251, 264–5, 3O9, 385, 441, 552, 558, 603, 611, 625, 632
origins of, 119
in War of the Revolution, 169–70, 171–2, 195
in Civil War, 317, 319–21
during Reconstruction, 360, 361–2, 369
in First World War, 475, 479, 616, 619
in Second World War, 568, 581–2, 622
since 1945, 587, 599–600, 628
in Korean War, 605–6
blacks in, 619, 622
in Vietnam War, 654–6
Arnold, Benedict, 181, 182
Arthur, Chester Alan (Pres. 1881–5), 408, 693
Articles of Confederation, 178, 191–8 passim, 205, 206, 207, 208, 209, 249
Asia, Asians, 5, 404, 438, 468, 561, 649, 690
Assassinations, 268, 345–8, 404, 408, 409, 420, 449, 488, 544, 633, 634, 660, 664
Japanese, 563
Assemblies, colonial, 177
Hillsborough and, 148
Massachusetts General Court, 45, 89, 125–6, 137, 138
New York, 134, 136, 143
Pennsylvania, 99, 145
in A. Revolution, 163
rise of, 143–7
South Carolina, 118, 150
and Stamp Act crisis, 144
taxation by, 116
and Townshend crisis, 148, 149–50
and Tea Act, 159, 161
Virginia House of Burgesses, 25, 105, 125, 144, 146, 148, 150, 156, 162, 170
Assemblies, revolutionary, 105n, 165, 195
Association, Continental, 164
Astor, John Jacob, 383
Atchison, Topeka & Santa Fe Railroad, 387
Atl
anta, Georgia, 341, 617, 630, 637, 639
Atlanta University, 362
Atlantic alliance, 602
Atlantic, Battle of the, 560, 571–2
Atlantic Charter, 576, 581
Atlantic City, New Jersey, 535
Atlantic Ocean, 3, 15, 37, 75, 106, 108n, 181, 237, 246, 251, 271, 342, 394, 440, 468, 472, 476, 538, 560
Attorney-General, US, 302, 313, 421, 488, 500, 568, 630, 635
Attucks, Crispus, 152
Auden, W. H., 55
Austen, Jane, 50, 101
Australia, 503, 513, 571, 648
Austria, 295, 554
Austria-Hungary, 470, 472
Automobile industry, 445, 493, 567, 588, 611–12, 624, 638
Back-country, 235, 244
Bacon, Francis, quoted, 1
Bacon, Nathaniel, 29
B.’s Rebellion (1676), 29
Bahamas, 131
Bahamas Channel, 52
Bailey, John, 613
Bakke, Allan, 676
Ballinger, Richard Achilles, 457
Ballot, secret (‘Australian’), 414, 427
Baltimore & Ohio Railroad, 378
Baltimore, George Calvert, Earl of, 52
Baltimore, Maryland, 95, 226, 254, 310–11, 328, 378, 414
Bank of England, 77, 258, 513
Bank of the United States, First, 259, 262, 270, 463
Bank of the United States, Second, 270, 274, 384, 460, 463, 543
Bank War, 275
Bankhead, Speaker William Brockman, 618
Banking Act, Emergency (1933), 524
Banking Act (1935), 543 Banking Act, Glass-Steagall, 526
Banks, 228, 234, 269–70, 278, 384, 388, 428, 430, 446, 462, 470, 507, 508–9, 510, 517, 617, 639
country b., 536
and New Deal, 524–5, 542–3
Banks, Gen. Nathaniel Prentiss, 339
Baptist Church, 303, 388
Barbados, 28
Barter, 189
Bartram, John, 87, 96
Baruch, Bernard, 477, 531
Baseball, 363, 400, 488–9, 491
Basques, 394
Bay of Pigs, 631, 649
Beauregard, Gen. Pierre Gustave Toutant, 314, 316, 319, 343
Bedford, John, Duke of, 148
Begin, Menachem, 674
Belgium, 461, 469, 473, 499, 555
Bell, John, 311
Benèt, Stephen Vincent, quoted, 519
Benson, Ezra Taft, 611
Benton, Sen. Thomas Hart, 266, 270
Bering Straits and landbridge, 2, 3
Berkeley campus, Univ of California, 658
Berkeley, George, baron, 29, 52
Berlin, 613
airlift, 595
B. Wall, 692
Bernard, Gov. Francis, 130, 137, 150
Bethlehem Steel Co., 446
Bible Belt, 465