by Hugh Brogan
Sheridan, Gen. Philip Henry, 62, 341, 343, 344
Sherman, Gen. William Tecumseh, 340, 341–2
quoted, 69, 656
S.’s march to the sea, 68, 342
Sherman Anti-Trust Act, 445, 451, 455, 459, 530, 532
Sherman Silver Purchase Act, 429
Shevardnadze, Eduard, 692
Shiloh, Battle of, 325
Ship-building, 84, 92, 566, 616
Shipping lines, 392, 396, 397
Shriners, 418
Shultz, George, 692
Siamese twins, 277
Siberia, 496
Sierra Nevada mountains, 241n
Sihanouk, Prince Norodom, 654, 661
Silver (see also Currency), 5, 24n, 276, 427, 429
mining, 430
politics of s., 430–33, 557
Simpson, ‘Sockless’ Jerry, 428
Sinclair, Upton, 454
Sitting Bull, 68, 246, 247
‘Skraelings’, 4, 5
Slave codes, colonial, 100
Slave patrols, 284, 286, 619
‘Slave Power, The’, 298, 302, 305, 308
Slave states, 199, 245, 287n, 305, 307, 317
Slave Trade, Atlantic, 4, 47, 83, 99–103, 106, 107, 175n, 198–9, 396
outlawed, 282, 283
ended, 324
Slave trade, internal, 283, 287, 299, 352–3, 358
Slave-holders see Planters
Slavery, political, idea of, and the A. Revolution, 116, 133, 148, 162
Slavery (see also Anti-Slavery; Fugitive Slave laws), 11, 192, 199, 236, 243, 244, 279, 280–90, 291, 292, 293, 295-6, 306, 311, 351, 352, 357, 361, 365, 366, 372, 389, 403, 407, 409, 412, 627, 646
abolition of s.: in District of Columbia, 324; in North, 280; in the Union, 307, 338, 343
extension of s., question of, 245, 294, 296, 298-307 passim, 313, 314
introduction of s., 27-8, 99-103, 106-7
slave rebellions, 107
Southern commitment to, 310
Slaves, 62, 101-2, 107, 226, 243, 244, 277n, 280, 287, 295
in Civil War, 329-30, 332 ‘contrabands’, 329, 332
response to Emancipation Proclamation, 332
and emancipation, 358
fugitive s., 128, 304
s. rebellions, 199, 284
Slidell, John, 324-5
Slovaks, 394
Slovenes, 394
Small Business Administration, 640
Smeal, Eleanor, 680
Smith, Gov. Alfred Emanuel, 491, 502, 504, 523, 531
Smith, Sen. Ellison DuRant (‘Cotton Ed’), 549
Smith, Gerald L. K., 556
Smith, Hyrum, 236
Smith, Capt. John, 20-23, 34, 37, 38, 47, 60-61, 74, 491, 502, 504, 523, 531
Smith, Joseph, 232-7
Smith, Sir Thomas, 13, 24-5
Smith-Connolly Act, 568
Smuggling, 92, 112, 157
and the A. Revolution, 114, 118, 130, 146
and prohibition, 502
Snake Creek, 69
Snider, Christopher, 152
Social Security Act, 541
Social workers, 447, 465
Socialism, 242, 389, 415, 418, 419, 421, 463, 488
Socialist party, 459, 517
Soil Conservation and Domestic Allotment Act (1936), 538, 546-7
Soil erosion and exhaustion, 103, 108
Somalia, 681
‘Sons of Liberty’ (see also Patriots), 130, 132, 135, 136, 153, 156, 179, 265, 275
South Africa, 430
South America, 3, 5, 11, 450
South Braintree, Mass., 497
South Carolina (see also Carolinas, the)
colony, 52, 57, 84, 85, 103, 106, 108, 118; in the A. Revolution, 131, 131n, 178, 183
state, 196, 272, 274, 304, 426, 596, 635; and slavery, 175n, 199, 202, 283, 284, 289, 295; secession from the Union, 311; in Civil War, 343, 359; under Reconstruction, 360-61, 369
South Dakota, 246
South Pass, 220, 241
South Sea see Pacific Ocean
South, the, 183, 197, 198, 199, 205, 213n, 229, 235, 237, 243, 271, 272, 273, 274, 277, 279, 280-90, 293-314 passim, 396, 404, 443, 465
and civil rights movement, 615-37
in Civil War, 314-15 passim
the Deep S., 308, 310, 311-12,627-8, 632, 635, 636, 672
in the Depression, 513
in the New Deal, 538-9, 547
the New S., 350, 627
the Old S., 286n, 287
the S. in the Populist era, 425
post-1918, 488, 503
post-1945, 587
pseudo-nationalism, 310
Reconstruction, 347-72 passim
the Upper S., 277, 283, 311, 313,315-16
the ‘Solid S.’, 371, 433, 609, 625, 660-61, 674
the S. and First World War, 469, 482
and Second World War, 621
South-East Asia Treaty Organization, 648
Southern Christian Leadership Conference (SCLC), 630, 633, 643, 675
Southern Homestead Act, 359
Southern Pacific Railroad, 448, 457
Southern whites see Whites, southern
Soviet Union (see also Russia), 499, 502, 503, 512, 558, 561, 563, 571, 612, 648, 652, 663, 680, 681
in Second World War, 571-2, 573, 575, 58o and postwar settlement, 577, 578-82, 590
in cold war, 584-5, 587, 590-94, 595-7, 600, 601, 609, 630-31, 646, 647, 651
collapse of, 645, 692, 693
and nuclear weapons, 586
and Korean War, 606, 607
and detente, 611
and Vietnam War, 653
human rights, 671, 681
invasion of Afghanistan, 681, 690, 692
and Nicaragua, 691
disarmament negotiations, 692
Space exploration, 612
Spain, Spanish (see also Spanish-American War), 5, 6, 7, 11, 12, 13, 34, 52, 53, 55, 63, 66, 85, 110-11, 156, 203, 204, 219, 225, 241, 250, 251, 394
and A. Revolution, 133, 165, 168, 181, 185, 1793-1820, 186-7
Spanish Civil War, 554, 555
Spanish America, 28, 52, 85, 102
Speaker of the House of Representatives, 408, 456, 618, 667
Spice-trade, 4–5
Spies, atomic, 586, 596
Spindletop, Texas, 392
Spoils system (see also Patronage), 265, 267–9, 278, 301, 354, 399, 408, 410, 426
Spotsylvania Court-House, Battle of, 340
Springfield, Ill., 433, 620
Springfield, Mass., 190, 193
Spruance, Admiral Raymond, 571
Squatters, land, 112
Stalin, Josef, 549, 556, 561, 571, 575, 579–82, 586, 589, 590, 591, 593, 604, 605, 648
Stalinism, 577, 600
Stamp Act, Colonial, 153, 161
passage through Parliament, 115–16
provisions, 116, 143
colonial objections to, 116–17
resistance to, 125–32, 146
repeal of, 132–3, 142, 192
Stamp Act Congress, 126, 131
Stamp Act crisis, 80, 114–34, 136, 137, 143, 144, 146, 148, 303
Standard Oil, 389, 390, 391, 411, 424, 431, 453, 455
Standard Oil New Jersey, 558
Standing army, distrust of, 119, 146, 150, 152, 154, 193
Stanford, Leiand, 423
Stanton, Edwin, 313, 314, 321, 326, 347, 355
‘Star-spangled banner’, 619
Stassen, Gov. Harold, 608
State Department, 553, 554, 556, 563, 581, 594, 598, 599, 602, 603, 608, 611
State, Secretaries of, 249, 255, 271, 300, 305, 553, 651, 663
State sovereignty, 315
States’ rights, 205, 243, 317, 335, 348, 35O, 615, 628
r. to secede (see also Secession), 314
Steamboats, 229, 250, 378, 379, 453
Steel industry, 385, 390–91, 420, 445, 567
Steerage, 396, 397–8
Stephens, Alexander Hamilton, 33
5
Stevens, Cong. Thaddeus, 350, 355, 358, 359
Stevenson, Gov. Adlai Ewing, 608, 612
Stewart, James, 220
Stilwell, Gen. Joseph Warren, 650
Stimson, Henry Lewis, 513, 559
Stock market, 387, 390, 446, 464, 495, 514, 688
‘water’, 387n
Stone, Chief Justice Harlan Fiske, 546, 548
Stonewall riots (1969), 677
Stowe, Harriet Beecher, 285, 293, 300, 332
Strategic Air Command, 587
Stuart, Gen. James Ewell Brown (‘Jeb’), 336
Stuart, house of, 76, 155, 162n
Student Non-Violent Coordinating Committee (SNCC), 630
Submarine warfare, 471, 473–7 passim, 474, 555
Suburbs, 401, 494, 612, 642, 643
Suffolk Resolves, 163
Suffrage, black, 363
Sugar, 83, 84, 100–101, 226
Sugar Act, 114, 117, 16
unpopularity of, 122, 124–5
provisions of, 124
and price of rum, 129
Sumner, Sen. Charles, 285, 301, 350, 351
beaten up, 305
Sun Belt, 587, 595
Sun Yat-sen, 597
Sunbelt, 672
Supreme Court of the United States (see also Judicial Supremacy), 211–13, 306, 308, 409, 414, 429, 455, 476, 532–4, 538, 541, 545, 568, 569, 623, 644, 665, 676, 678
F. D. Roosevelt’s attack on, 546–8, 550
and racial discrimination, 620, 621, 623, 624–5, 628
Susan Constant, Godspeed, Discovery, 18
Susquehanna river, 95, 95n
Sutherland, Mr Justice George, 546
Sweden, Swedes, 12, 95n, 108, 246, 395, 402
Swedenborg, Emanuel, 232
Symington, Sen. Stuart, 613
Taft, Sen. Robert Alonso, 575, 592, 594, 600, 608, 609, 686
Taft, William Howard (Pres. 1909–31), 455, 459, 460, 463, 468, 483, 575
Chief Justice, 546, 600
Taft–Hartley Act, 594
Taiwan (Formosa), 596, 651
Tallmadge, Cong. James, 294
Tallulah, Louisiana, 404
Tammany Hall, 399–400, 410, 412, 414, 502
Tammany, Saint, 399n
Taney, Chief Justice Roger, 306
Tariffs, 264, 271, 278, 298, 308, 340, 381, 443, 456, 492, 535–6, 553
state, 188
of Abominations, 295
and Civil War, 312, 384
and the parties, 429
McKinley, 429
Underwood, 461, 464, 492
Fordney-McCumber, 492, 496, 512
Smoot-Hawley, 512
and New Deal, 529
and Japan, 562
Tarleton, Banastre, 183
Taxation (see also Stamp Act Crisis), 45, 78, 112, 113, 142–3, 169, 358, 359, 394, 401, 402n, 423, 492, 493, 515, 670, 687
land tax, British, 86, 143, 166
customs, 193
and US Constitution, 199, 203, 205, 214, 430
income tax, federal, 212, 426, 429, 477
New Deal and t., 528, 541 1920s, 492, 505
as political issue, 193, 427, 429
processing t., 537
tax–revolt, 675
unpopularity of in A., 189, 265, 322
Taylor, Frederick Winslow, 447
Taylor, Gen. Zachary (Pres. 1849–50), 297, 298–9
Tea Act, 157–60, 303, 304
Tea duty (see also Townshend laws), 147, 158, 192
Teapot Dome affair, 500
Technology (see also Industrial Revolution), 5, 220, 385, 404, 405, 423, 437, 438, 494, 554, 586, 587, 637, 655, 663
and Civil War, 322
Tecumseh, 55, 65, 254
Teenagers, 679
Tehran hostages, 682–3
Telegraph, electric, 246, 301, 378, 394, 427, 500
Telephones, 427, 544
Television, 268, 595–6, 598, 603, 656–7, 659
Temperance movement (see also Prohibition), 292, 304, 465
Tenancy, Southern, 365–6, 396, 422, 539, 617, 618, 622
‘Tenement Trail’, 401
Tennessee, 223, 226, 229, 232, 270, 271, 275, 303, 319, 349, 355, 418, 432, 504
in Civil War, 245, 316, 325, 333, 340, 342
Tennessee Iron and Coal Co., 445
Tennessee river, 187, 325
valley, 226
Muscle Shoals, 526
Tennessee Valley Authority (TVA), 526, 544, 558, 570, 618, 621
Tenure of Office Act (1820), 268
Territories see Government, territorial
Texas, 40, 240, 241, 246, 247, 279, 296–7, 299, 305, 310, 311, 379, 380, 392, 422, 425, 433, 504, 513, 538, 587, 634, 661, 672
Textile industry, 381, 503, 532, 616, 618
Thailand, 648, 651
Thames River, Battle of, 254
Thomas, Gov. George, 59
Thomas, Gen. George
Henry, 342
Thompson, Mayor William
Hale, 503n
Thoreau, Henry David, 285, 297, 309
Thorfinn, Karlsefni, 3
Three Counties see Delaware
Thurmond, Sen. Strom, 596
Tidewater, 145, 176, 182
Tilden, Samuel, 369, 410
Tilden, William T., Jr, 491
Till, Emmett, 627
Tillage, 10, 13
Tillman, Sen. Benjamin
Ryan (‘Pitchfork Ben’), 426, 428
Timberline Lodge, 542
Time magazine, 588, 597, 598
Times, The, 324
Tippecanoe, Battle of, 254, 276
Tito, Josip Broz, 604
Tobacco (see also Enumerated Products), 26–7, 28, 29, 82, 84, 103, 106, 108, 199, 226, 287, 380
and Parson’s case, 123–4
cigarettes, 616
in Depression, 617
Tocqueville, Alexis de, 74n, 75, 233, 278, 278n
Tojo, Gen., 563, 564
Tokyo fire–raids, 585
Toledo, Ohio, 464, 540
Toleration, Act of, 91n
Tories, American see Loyalists
Tourism, 397
Town–meetings, 156, 159, 176
Towns see Cities and towns
Townshend, Charles, 141–4, 146, 157, 303
Townshend laws
provisions of, 143
resistance to, 146–51
repeal, 151, 153, 161
Townships, 145, 192
Trade, 10, 13, 75, 198–9, 438, 442; First World War, munitions, 469–70; seaborne, 220, 251, 252, 254, 262, 319; world, 276, 513, 528–9
Trade, Board of, 79, 83, 85, 90, 90n, 95, 142
and 1763 Proclamation, 120
Trade, triangular, 101
Trade Agreement Act, 529
‘Trail of Tears’, 68, 238, 568
Transport (see also Steamboats), 394
air, 268
rail see Railroads
road, 250, 271, 494
water, 75, 271, 290, 507
Treasury, US, 278, 359, 429, 430, 463, 493, 577
Secretary of, 462, 492
Tredegar Ironworks, 334
Trent incident, 324, 474
Trenton, New Jersey, Battle of, 180
Trial by jury, 103, 144, 161
Truman, Harry S. (Pres, 1945–53), 236n, 491, 541, 569, 582, 591, 592, 594, 602, 605, 606, 607, 613, 647–8, 650, 667
and atomic bomb, 585–6
and blacks, 621, 623, 625
Fair Deal, 596
and China, 650
and 1948 election, 596
second term, 596–609
passim
quoted, 590, 602, 603, 609
Truman Doctrine, 592, 594
Trusts, business (see also Anti-Trust), 390
Tryon, Gov. William, 153
Tudor, house of, 30
Tugwell, Rexford, 537
Turkey, Turks (Ottoman), 5, 592
Turner, Frederick Jackson, 393
Tuskegee I
nstitute, 372
Twain, Mark (Samuel Clemens), 383n
Tweed, William Marcy, 410
Tyler, John (Pres. 1841–5), 277, 297
Ukraine, Ukrainians, 394
Uncle Tom’s Cabin, 285, 285n, 293, 300, 332
Unemployment, 389, 400, 416, 430, 443, 496, 511, 540, 544, 548, 556, 671, 673, 675n, 683, 687
u. benefits, 541
black u., 639
in the Depression, 515, 516, 525, 529; statistics, 514
in 1933, 540,
relief, 515, 530, 539–42, 54
Union, the American (see also Albany Plan), 202, 243, 279, 294, 299, 300, 301
‘U cause’, the, 414
in Civil War, 317–19
defence of, 315
economic aspects, 319
emergence of, 163–4, 169, 178
A. Jackson on, 275
A. Lincoln on, 337–8
the North and, 310, 312
organization, 191–2, 194, 198
restored, 344, 364
secession from see Secession
the South and, 306, 307, 308, 310–11, 318
support for, 186, 188, 195, 200, 264
threats to, 255, 293, 295–6
Union League, 361, 367
Union Pacific Railroad, 384, 387
Unions, labour see Labour unions
Unitarianism, 130n, 291
United Automobile Workers, 595, 634
United Fruit Co., 610
United Mineworkers, 531
‘United Nations’ (1941–5), 576, 624
United Nations Organization (UN), 576, 581, 585, 597–8, 605, 625, 652
charter, 652
Universal Negro Improvement Association, 619
Universities (see also Yale, etc.), 657–9
Up-country see Back-country
Urban settlement houses, 448
Urbanization, 404, 439, 447, 491, 622
US Forest Service, 456
US Steel, 391, 392, 445, 459, 494, 510, 512
US v. Butler el al., 538
USSR see Soviet Union
Utah, 235, 243, 297, 299, 688n
Valley Forge, Pennsylvania, 235, 243, 297, 299
Van Buren, Martin (Pres. 1837–41), 266, 269, 271–2, 274, 275–7, 279, 296, 298
Van de Water, Frederic F., 494
Vance, Cyrus, 680, 683
Vance, Zebulon Baird, 335
Vandenberg, Sen. Arthur Hendrick, 593, 594
Vanderbilt, ‘Commodore’ Cornelius, 387, 411
Vanderbilt, William Henry, 453
Vanzetti, Bartolomeo, and Sacco, Nicola, 497–8
Veracruz, Mexico, 468
Vergennes, Charles, Comte de, 180
Vermont, 118n, 231, 232, 422n, 500, 545
Verrazano, Giovanni, 6–7
Versailles, chateâu of, 104, 180
Versailles conference, 480, 481–6
Versailles, treaty of (see also Reparations question), 484, 485–8, 512, 561, 575
Vesey, Denmark, 284
Veterans
of the Revolutionary war, 259
of Civil War, 363, 385, 390, 391
of First World War, 491, 495, 516, 525