115ASD 147.
116ASD 490.
117Bruno Vercier, ‘Les livres qui ont marqué la pensée de notre époque,’ Réalités, August 1971.
118‘Libération des femmes, année zéro’, Partisans 54–55: 1970, Maspero.
119Beauvoir claimed that they approached her in ASD; Anne Zelinsky claimed that Beauvoir approached them (in ‘Castor for ever’, in Le cinquantenaire du ‘Deuxième Sexe’, 310–13).
120According to Sylvie Le Bon de Beauvoir, Beauvoir never had an abortion. She believed that abortion should be freely available, but that the availability of contraception would mean that abortion would play ‘only a marginal role’ (Schwarzer, p. 30).
Chapter 15
1ASD 131.
2From Gide’s old character, la Pérouse: quoted in OA 237.
3Woolf, 29 December 1940, cited in OA 514.
4OA 244.
5OA 410.
6OA 547.
7Revue des livres, Vie Sociale, March 1970, pp. 157–160. http://gallica.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/bpt6k62832097/f34.item.r=beauvoir
8Henry Walter Brann, review of ‘La Vieillesse by Simone de Beauvoir’, The French Review 44(2), December 1970: 396–7.
9Edward Grossman, ‘Beauvoir’s Last Revolt’, Commentary 54(2), 1 August 1972: 56–9, here 56.
10ASD 147.
11OA 148.
12Simone de Beauvoir, in A Walk Through the Land of Old Age, in PolW 363.
13Schwarzer, Introduction, p. 13.
14See A 10–11.
15‘Response to Some Women and a Man’, FW 209.
16‘Response’, FW 210.
17‘Response’, FW 210.
18‘Beauvoir’s Deposition at the Bobigny Trial’, FW 220.
19‘Beauvoir’s Deposition at the Bobigny Trial’, FW 226.
20‘Beauvoir’s Deposition at the Bobigny Trial’, FW 226.
21‘Abortion and the Poor’, FW 217.
22ASD 134.
23Jean-Marie Domenach, ‘Simone de Beauvoir: Tout compte fait’, Esprit 1972 (December): 979–80.
24ASD 154.
25See ASD 57ff, 163.
26Carlo Jansiti, Violette Leduc, Paris: Grasset, 1999, 447–8.
27ASD 193.
28ASD 484.
29ASD 489.
30ASD 500.
31November 1949 interview with Clodine Chonez, retransmitted by the radio programme ‘Les jours du siècle’, France Inter, 17 February 1999.
32Francis Jeanson, Simone de Beauvoir ou l’entreprise de vivre, suivi d’entretiens avec Simone de Beauvoir, Paris: Seuil, 1966, p. 258.
33FC 202.
34Alice Schwarzer, ‘I am a feminist’, in Simone de Beauvoir Today: Conversations 1972–1982, London: Hogarth Press, 1984, p. 16. See also pp. 29ff. For an excellent discussion of the continuity of Beauvoir’s feminism in 1949 and the 1970s see Sonia Kruks, ‘Beauvoir and the Marxism Question’, in Laura Hengehold and Nancy Bauer (eds), A Companion to Simone de Beauvoir, Oxford: Wiley-Blackwell, 2017.
35Schwarzer, p. 34.
36Schwarzer, pp. 37–8.
37‘Preface to Stories from the French Women’s Liberation Movement’, trans. Marybeth Timmermann, FW 260.
38Alice Schwarzer, ‘The Rebellious Woman – An Interview with Alice Schwarzer’, trans. Marybeth Timmermann, FW 197.
39Sylvie Chaperon, ‘Introduction’ to ‘The MLF and the Bobigny Affair’, FW 189.
40Claire Etcherelli, ‘Quelques photos-souvenirs’, Les Temps Modernes 63(647–8), January–March 2008: 60. Lanzmann introduced Beauvoir to Etcherelli’s book Élise ou la vrai vie: it was a story of forbidden love between an Algerian man and a female factory worker during the War of Independence. The book went on to win prizes, and in the 1970s Etcherelli joined Beauvoir and Lanzmann as editorial staff at Les Temps Modernes.
41Etcherelli, ‘Quelques photos-souvenirs’, p. 61.
42Bair, p. 676 n. 13.
43A 54.
44A 63.
45Cohen-Solal, Sartre, p. 500.
46Preface to ‘Everyday Sexism’, Les Temps Modernes 329 (December 1973), trans. Marybeth Timmerman, in FW 240.
47Simone de Beauvoir, ‘Preface to Divorce in France’, trans. Marybeth Timmerman, FW 248. First published in Claire Cayron, Divorce en France, Paris: Denoël-Gonthier, 1974.
48‘Introduction to Women Insist’, trans. Marybeth Timmerman, FW 250.
49See ASD 499.
50Gerassi, p. 30. December 1970 interview.
51Gerassi, p. 32. December 1970 interview.
52This interview appeared in weekly instalments in Le Nouvel Observateur, 23, 30 June and 7 July, 1975. Cited in Hazel Rowley, Tête-à-tête, p. 333.
53‘Simone de Beauvoir interroge Jean-Paul Sartre’, in Situations X, ‘Politique et autobiographie’, Paris: Gallimard, 1976, pp. 116–17.
54Schwarzer, p. 73.
55‘My Point of View: An Outrageous Affair’, trans. Debbie Mann and Marybeth Timmermann, FW 258.
56‘When All the Women of the World …’, trans Marybeth Timmermann, FW 256.
57A 100.
58A 110–11.
59‘D’abord, je ne donnais pas à lire mes manuscrits – à personne sauf à Simone de Beauvoir – avant qu’ils sont imprimés: par consequent, elle avait un rôle essentiel et unique.’ (Michel Sicard, ‘Interférences: entretien avec Simone de Beauvoir et Jean-Paul Sartre’, Obliques 18–19 (1979): 326.)
60Xavier Delacourt, ‘Simone de Beauvoir adaptée: Une fidélité plate’, Le Monde, 1978. http://www.lemonde.fr/archives/article/1978/01/30/simone-de-beauvoir-adaptee-une-fidelite-plate_3131878_1819218.html#YOXP2bX45I01dulu.99
61WT, pp. 74–5.
62Josée Dayan and Malka Ribowska, Simone de Beauvoir, text published by Gallimard: Paris, 1979; based on a film made in 1978. http://www.ina.fr/video/CAB7900140801
63Video: ‘Film “Simone de Beauvoir”’ sur Samedi et demi, Institut National de l’Audiovisuel, France, https://www.ina.fr/video/CAB7900140801/film-simone-de-beauvoir-video.html
64Julien Cheverny, ‘Une bourgeoise modèle: Simone de Beauvoir’, Figaro Magazine, 17 February 1979, p. 57.
65Schwarzer, p. 103.
Chapter 16
1Charles Hargrove, ‘Thousands escort Sartre’s coffin’, The Times [London, England] 21 April 1980: 4. The Times Digital Archive. Online, 27 March 2018.
2Bair, p. 587.
3Bair, p. 588.
4Sylvie Le Bon de Beauvoir, interview with Magda Guadalupe dos Santos, ‘Interview avec Sylvie Le Bon de Beauvoir’, Sapere Aude, Belo Horizonte, v. 3, n. 6, pp. 357–65, 2 semestre 2012, p. 364.
5Bair, p. 512.
6A 3.
7Bair, p. 595.
8‘La fin d’un philosophe’, Le Point, 23–29 November 1981.
9A 254, 353.
10Hazel E. Barnes, ‘Beauvoir and Sartre: The Forms of Farewell’, Philosophy and Literature 9(1): 28–9.
11Cohen-Solal, Sartre, p. 518.
12FC 328.
13Beauvoir, cited in interview with Alice Schwarzer, p. 107.
14http://www.lemonde.fr/archives/article/1980/05/12/la-mort-de-jean-paul-sartre_2822210_1819218.html?xtmc=jean_paul_sartre_deces&xtcr=11
15https://www.lexpress.fr/culture/livre/sartre-face-a-son-epoque_486893.html
16‘Jean-Paul Sartre dies in Paris hospital,’ The Times [London, England] 16 April 1980: 1. The Times Digital Archive. Online, 27 March 2018.
17‘Obituary’, The Times [London, England] 16 April 1980: 16. The Times Digital Archive. Online, 27 March 2018.
18Schwarz, W. (1980, 16 April). ‘Sartre, sage of left, dies’, The Guardian (1959–2003).
19J-P Sartre: As influential as Rousseau (1980, 16 April), The Guardian (1959–2003).
20https://archive.nytimes.com/www.nytimes.com/learning/general/onthisday/bday/0621.html
21https://www.washingtonpost.com/archive/local/1980/04/16/jean-paul-sartre-existential-author-dramatist-dies/120a0b98-9774-4248-a123-1efab2d68520/?utm_term=.2cad98e8c74e
22Simone de Beauv
oir to Bianca Lamblin, autumn 1982, cited in Lamblin, A Disgraceful Affair.
23Bair, p. 598.
24See Lanzmann, Patagonian, p. 352.
25Bair, p. 601.
26Michèle le Doeuff, ‘Sartre; l’unique sujet parlant’, Esprit – changer la culture et la politique, 5: 181–91.
27SdB in Beauvoir, Simons and Todd, ‘Two Interviews with Simone de Beauvoir’, p. 24.
28SdB in Schwarzer, Simone de Beauvoir Today, p. 210.
29‘Foreword to Deception Chronicles’, FW 272.
30‘Women, Ads, and Hate’, FW
31‘The Urgency of an Anti-Sexist Law’, trans. Marybeth Timmermann, FW 266. First published in Le Monde as ‘De l’urgence d’une loi anti-sexiste’, March 18–19, 1979.
32‘Women, Ads, and Hate’, FW 275.
33Lanzmann, Patagonian, p. 257.
34Cited in Lanzmann, Patagonian, pp. 258–9.
35Schwarzer, p. 110.
36Bair, p. 604.
37Etcherelli, ‘Quelques photos-souvenirs’, p. 61.
38Beauvoir, in SdB, Simons and Todd, ‘Two Interviews with Simone de Beauvoir’, p. 20.
39Beauvoir, ibid.
40The opening of The Ethics of Ambiguity, the concluding pages of All Said and Done, and the pages of Beauvoir’s student diaries all refer to Pascal, who described human life as ambiguous in a similar sense.
41Even Sartre excised or downplayed the influence of these thinkers from his published works, in favour of more fashionable philosophical currents like phenomenology (and, later, psychoanalysis and Marxism). See Kate Kirkpatrick, Sartre on Sin, Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2017; The Mystical Sources of Existentialist Thought, Abingdon: Routledge, 2018.
42HdB, Souvenirs, p. 8.
43HdB, Souvenirs, p. 12; Lanzmann, Patagonian, p. 525.
44Claude Jannoud, ‘L’Œuvre: Une vulgarisation plus qu’une création’, Le Monde, 15 April 1986.
Chapter 17
1Voltaire, ‘Première Lettre sur Oedipe’ in Oeuvres (1785) vol. 1.
2‘Simone De Beauvoir’, The Times [London, England] 15 April 1986: 18. The Times Digital Archive. Online 24 March 2018.
3Appreciation, Michael Dobbs, 15 April 1986, The Washington Post. https://www.washingtonpost.com/archive/lifestyle/1986/04/15/appreciation/39084b0c-a652-4661-b226-3ad12385b4d3/?utm_term=.55d325922220
4Liliane Lazar, ‘Simone de Beauvoir (9 January 1908–14 April 1986)’, Dictionary of Literary Biography Yearbook: 1986, edited by J. M. Brook, Gale, 1987, pp. 199–206, here pp. 200, 201.
5P. de Boisdeffre, ‘LA REVUE LITTERAIRE: Deux morts exemplaires, un même refus: Jean Genet et Simone de Beauvoir’, Revue des deux mondes (1986): 414–28, here pp. 416, 419, 420.
6Richard Heller, ‘The Self-centered Love of Madame Yak-Yak’, Mail on Sunday, 1 December 1991, p. 35.
7Lanzmann, Patagonian p. 351. In 1990, Beauvoir’s letters to Sartre were published by Sylvie Le Bon de Beauvoir. Claude Lanzmann wrote that: ‘I know that Castor would never have published them nor allowed them to be published like that. I know this because she told me so, because she states as much in her introduction to the edition of Sartre’s letters published in 1983, and because I shared her life.’ For Sylvie’s reasons for publishing see Ursula Tidd, ‘Some Thoughts on an Interview with Sylvie le Bon de Beauvoir: Current issues in Beauvoir studies’, Simone de Beauvoir Studies 12 (1995): 17–26.
8Lamblin, p. 137.
9‘Simone de Beauvoir interroges Jean-Paul Sartre’, in Situations X, ‘Politique et autobiographie’, Paris: Gallimard, 1976, pp. 116–17.
10ASD 143.
11See Cohen-Solal, Sartre, p. 261. See also Marine Rouch 2018 on the way Beauvoir’s readers idolized her (‘“Vous êtes descendue d’un piédestal”: une appropriation collective des Mémoires de Simone de Beauvoir par ses lectrices (1958–1964),’ Littérature 191 (September 2018)).
12SdB in Alice Schwarzer, Simone de Beauvoir Today, p. 93.
13ASD 144.
14Simone de Beauvoir, film by Josée Dayan and Malka Ribowska, text published by Gallimard: Paris, 1979; film made in 1978.
15Schwarzer, Simone de Beauvoir Today, p. 37.
16Moi, 2008, p. 39.
17Beauvoir in SdB, Simons and Todd, ‘Two Interviews with Simone de Beauvoir’, p. 24.
18Sorokine found The Blood of Others boring (see SdB to Sartre, 27 January 1944, LS 384). Algren said it had ‘too much philosophy’ (SdB to NA, Friday, 20 August 1948, TALA 210, 212).
19SdB to Schwarzer, Simone de Beauvoir Today, p. 110.
20FC 283. Emphasis added.
21PL 606. Recent decades have seen scholars reconsider the question of influence between Sartre and Beauvoir which gives greater attention to Beauvoir’s ‘I’ than previous generations have shown. According to Sylvie le Bon de Beauvoir, Beauvoir described her relationship with Sartre with the image of ‘astres jumeux’, twin stars, claiming it was one of ‘absolute fraternity’ and mutual support. All the same, Le Bon de Beauvoir published Beauvoir’s Cahiers in French in 2008 because she believed they would enable us to do greater justice to who Beauvoir was, ‘intellectually and personally, to what she thought, wanted, and planned for herself, before meeting Sartre, before becoming the Simone de Beauvoir that we know’. Sylvie Le Bon de Beauvoir, in Magda Guadalupe dos Santos ‘Interview avec Sylvie Le Bon de Beauvoir’, Sapere Aude, Belo Horizonte, 3(6), 357–65, 2 semestre 2012, p. 359.
22ASD 235.
23ASD 619.
24See DPS 58–61, 66 especially 16 August 1926.
25Nietzsche, ‘Schopenhauer as Educator’, in Untimely Meditations, trans. R. J. Hollingdale, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1997, 163.
26See Plato’s Symposium.
27SS 166.
28Elizabeth Fallaize, The Novels of Simone de Beauvoir, ‘Introduction’, p. 1.
29PC 120.
Select Bibliography
Algren, Nelson, ‘Last Rounds in Small Cafés: Remembrances of Jean-Paul Sartre and Simone de Beauvoir’, Chicago, December 1980.
Algren, Nelson, ‘People’, Time, 2 July 1956.
Altman, Meryl, ‘Beauvoir, Hegel, War’, Hypatia 22(3) (2007): 66–91.
Anon. ‘Views and Reviews’, New Age 1914 (15/17).
Arp, Kristana, The Bonds of Freedom: Simone de Beauvoir’s Existentialist Ethics, Chicago: Open Court, 2001.
Audry, Colette, ‘Portrait de l’écrivain jeune femme’, Biblio 30:9 (November 1962).
Audry, Colette, ‘Notes pour un portrait de Simone de Beauvoir’, Les Lettres françaises 17–24 December 1954.
Aury, Dominique, ‘Qu’est-ce que l’existentialisme? Escarmouches et patrouilles’, Les Lettres françaises, 1 December 1945.
Bair, Deirdre, Simone de Beauvoir: A Biography, London: Jonathan Cape, 1990.
Barrett, William, Irrational Man: A Study in Existential Philosophy, New York: Doubleday, 1958.
Barron, Marie-Louise, ‘De Simone de Beauvoir à Amour Digest. Les croisés de l’émancipation par le sexe’, Les lettres françaises, 23 June 1949.
Baruzi, Jean, Leibniz: Avec de nombreux textes inédits, Paris: Bloud et cie, 1909.
Battersby, Christine, ‘Beauvoir’s Early Passion for Schopenhauer: On Becoming a Self’, forthcoming.
Bauer, Nancy, Simone de Beauvoir, Philosophy, and Feminism, New York: Columbia University Press, 2001.
Bauer, Nancy, ‘Introduction’ to ‘Femininity: The Trap’, in Simone de Beauvoir, Feminist Writings, ed. Margaret A. Simons and Marybeth Timmerman, Urbana: University of Illinois Press, 2015.
Beauvoir, Hélène de, Souvenirs, Paris: Séguier, 1987.
Beauvoir, Simone de – see Abbreviations on pp. xii–xiv for all primary sources cited.
Beauvoir, Simone de, in discussion with Claudine Chonez, ‘Simone de Beauvoir: Le Deuxième Sexe’ (actualité du livre), 30 November 1949, Institut National de l’Audovisuel, France. https://www.ina.fr/audio/PH806055647/simone-de-beauvoir-le-deuxieme-sexe-audio.html
Beauvoir, Simone de, in intervie
w with Madeleine Gobeil, ‘The Art of Fiction No. 35’, Paris Review 34 (Spring–Summer 1965).
Beauvoir, Simone de, in Interview with Margaret A. Simons and Jane Marie Todd, ‘Two Interviews with Simone de Beauvoir’, Hypatia 3:3 (1989).
Bergson, Henri, Time and Free Will: An Essay on the Immediate Data of Consciousness, trans. F. L. Pogson, New York: Dover, 2001.
Bergson, Henri, The Creative Mind: An Introduction to Metaphysics, trans. Mabelle L. Anderson, New York: Citadel Press, 1992.
Blanchet, A., ‘Les Prix littéraires’, Études 284 (1955): 96–100.
Boisdeffre, P. de ‘LA REVUE LITTERAIRE: Deux morts exemplaires, un même refus: Jean Genet et Simone de Beauvoir’, Revue des deux mondes (1986): 414–28.
Boulé, Jean-Pierre, Sartre, Self-formation, and Masculinities, Oxford: Berghahn, 2005.
Carter, Angela, ‘Colette’, London Review of Books, 2:19, 2 October 1980.
Challaye, Félicien, letter to Amélie Gayraud, in Les Jeunes filles d’aujourd hui, Paris: G. Oudin, 1914.
Chaperon, Sylvie, ‘The reception of The Second Sex in Europe’, Encyclopédie pour une histoire nouvelle de l’Europe, 2016.
Charensol, G. ‘Quels enseignements peut-on tirer des chiffres de tirage de la production littéraire actuelle?’, Informations sociales (1957): 36–45.
Churchwell, Sarah, The Many Lives of Marilyn Monroe, New York: Picador, 2005.
Cleary, Skye, Existentialism and Romantic Love, Basingstoke: Palgrave Macmillan, 2015.
Cohen-Solal, Annie, Sartre: A Life, London: Heinemann, 1987.
Collingnon, A. ‘Bouches inutiles aux Carrefours’, Opéra, 31 October 1944.
Conant, James, ‘Philosophy and Biography’, lecture given at ‘Philosophy and Biography’ symposium, 18 May 1999, published online by the Wittgenstein Initiative: http://wittgenstein-initiative.com/philosophy-and-biography/
Cottrell, Robert D., Simone de Beauvoir, New York: Frederick Ungar, 1975.
Crosland, Margaret, Simone de Beauvoir: The Woman and Her Work, London: Heinemann, 1992.
Dayan, Josée and Malka Ribowska, Simone de Beauvoir, Gallimard: Paris, 1979.
Deguy, Jacques and Sylvie Le Bon de Beauvoir, Simone de Beauvoir: Ecrire la liberté, Paris: Gallimard, 2008.
Delacourt, Xavier, ‘Simone de Beauvoir adaptée: Une fidélité plate’, Le Monde, 1978.
Becoming Beauvoir Page 44