Annals of the Former World
Page 77
Caledonian Orogeny
California: and ambitions of Lansford Hastings assembling Coast Ranges creating state geological survey earthquake predictions frequency of earthquakes future as island geologic history geologists from Loma Prieta earthquake maps of mythic-island past newness of physiographic cross section and plate tectonics in Triassic period see also Great Central Valley, California; San Andreas Fault; San Francisco Bay Area; Sierra Nevada
California, Gulf of
California gold rush impact on Civil War life in gold camps role of Marshall role of Sutter see also gold mining
Calistoga, California
Cambrian period: characteristics of dispute over Cambro-Silurian line naming of North America in and oolites and Ordovician period transcontinental physiographic time line
Canada: glaciation in and Great Meteor Hot Spot and Greenland Northwest Territories in Precambrian time Quebec diamond pipes
Canadian Shield: characteristics of creation of and hot spots : as Indiana glacial drift naming of
Candlestick Park, San Francisco
Cape Mendocino, California
Cape Verde Islands: as hot spot
carbon: impact on atmospheric oxygen
carbonate rocks: defined response to hydrochloric acid see also dolomite; limestone
carbon dioxide, discoverer of
Carboniferous period: characteristics of see also Mississippian period; Pennsylvanian period
Caribbean Plate
Carlin Canyon, Nevada: angular unconformity in as part of exotic terrane Strathearn formation Tonka formation tunnel
Carquinez Strait, California
Carroll, Jerry
Carson, Kit
Carson Creek, California
Carson Sink, Nevada and Lake Lahontan
Cascade Mountains
Cash, Tom
Cassidy, Butch
catastrophism
Catskill Mountains, New York
Cayman Trench
Celebes Sea
Celestial Scenery; or, the Wonders of the Planetary System Displayed: Illustrating the Perfections of Deity and a Plurality of Worlds
Cenozoic era: characteristics of divisions of Tertiary υs. Quaternary periods
Central America: plate tectonics
Central Creeping Zone, San Andreas Fault
Central Pacific Railroad
Central Valley, see Great Central Valley, California
Chabot, A.
Chamberlin, Rollin T.
Charpentier, Jean de
chert: origin of in San Francisco Bay Area
Cheyenne, Wyoming: naming of Union Pacific station
Cheyenne Belt
Cheyenne Indians: and Gen. Dodge
Chicxulub Crater
Chile: as exotic terrane
China: movement of Australia toward movement of Taiwan toward and plate tectonics
China Plate
Chinese Geological Survey
Choco Terrane
chromite
Chukchi Sea
Cincinnati, Ohio: paleontological influence
cinder cones
cinnabar
cirque glaciers
Civil War: effect of California gold rush on
Clappe, Louisa Amelia Knapp Smith
clastic wedges
Clerk, John
clinker
clinoptilolite
Cloverly formation
coal: anthracite bituminous Bridger (Jim) electric generating plant in Colorado gasification of naming of Carboniferous period origins of vs. peat in Pennsylvania red clinker beds resource issues strip mining in Wyoming
Coalinga earthquake
Coast Range Ophiolite
Coast Ranges, California as accretionary berm described geologic history map of Napa Valley San Andreas family of faults in
Cocos Plate
Coit Tower, San Francisco
Coleman, R. G.
Collins, Bill
Colorado: age of crust Cañon City Embayment and Cheyenne Belt crustal comparison with Nebraska dating dinosaur discoveries and Grenville Orogeny hot spots in Colorado Plateau in Precambrian time
Colorado River: age of
Columbia River basalt
comets, see asteroids
Composite Magnetic Anomaly Map of the United States, impact on view of Precambrian geology
compression: vs. extension Grenville Orogeny and plate boundaries
compressional basins: defined
Comstock Lode
Concord Fault
Coney Island, New York
conglomerate: and braided rivers creation from alluvial fans Hammer Creek Conglomerate on Laramie Plains, Wyoming
Congo Craton
Conklin, Frank
Connecticut River Valley: creation of
conodonts: and Anita Harris defined interest in at Ohio State in Nevada and plate tectonics Scandinavian vs. North American significance of color use in oil and gas exploration in Utah
Conrad, Joseph
Constantinou, George
continental crust, see crust, continental
Continental Divide pumping water over
continental drift: background of hypothesis and evolution as misnomer role of Abraham Ortelius role of Alfred Wegener role of Thomas Dick and supercontinents see also plate tectonics
continental escape map of
continental glaciation: acceptance of theory Agassiz study characteristics of ice-sheet aftermath and Delaware Water Gap early theories in eastern United States evidence of future expectations for and golf courses impact on topography measuring amount of ice and mineral deposits observable overview of theory in Pennsylvanian period in Pleistocene epoch and variations in sea level Wisconsinan ice sheet
continents: collisions between Gondwanaland Laurasia origins of Pangaea and polar wander Rodinia (Protopangaea) supercontinents see also continental drift; North America; plate tectonics
Conybeare, William Daniel
Cool, Aaron
Copernicus, Nicolaus
copper: on Cyprus mining in area of Delaware Water Gap
corals
Cordes, Bill
cowboys: and Love Ranch
Cox, Allan
coyoting
cratons: Archean defined and kimberlite mantle under origins of as thickest part of plates see also midcontinent; shield rock
creation
Crédit Mobilier
creep, tectonic
Cretaceous Extinction
Cretaceous period: characteristics of Great Meteor Hot Spot in India in naming of subdivisions of
Crocker, Charles
Crook, Brig. Gen. George
Crooks Gap, Wyoming
Crowheart Butte, Wyoming
Crown King, Arizona
Crozet Hot Spot
crust, continental: in Basin and Range chemical changes in Colorado floating on the mantle Nebraska vs. Colorado vs. ocean crust thickness of see also ocean crust
Crystal Springs reservoir
Culligan, Emmett J.
Currier & Ives
Cuvier, Georges
Cuyahoga River, Ohio
cyanide
cyclothems
Cyprus: copper on geologic history McPhee with Moores on Moores on and ophiolites
Daly, Reginald Aldworth
Dalziel, Ian
dams: and earthquakes site of Auburn Dam
Dana, Richard Henry, Jr.
Darwin, Charles adopts Agassiz’s glaciation theory Agassiz’s view of The Origin of Species in Cape Verde Islands and geologic time scale as geologist influence of Charles Lyell on Lyell’s view of The Origin of Species response to The Origin of Species view of Agassiz
dating: accuracy vs. precision earth’s magnetic reversals formation of Basin and Range radiometric dating of Precambrian rock role of iron see also radiometric dating
Davies, Hugh
Davis, California: geology of home of Eldridge Moores Moores’ backyard geologic column Universi
ty of California see also Great Central Valley, California
Death Valley, California: and exploding rock and future western seaway geology of and Lake Manlius turtlebacks in
de Buffon, G. L. L.
Deccan Plateau, India: flood basalts
deep time, comprehending see also geologic time
Deffeyes, Kenneth: in California and Carlin Canyon chewing shale described at Golconda Summit roadcut in Jersey Valley McPhee initial explorations with McPhee introduction to as oceanographer piano-wire analogy in Pleasant Valley predicts Nevada seaway and secondary silver recovery as skier tenured waistline as uniformitarian view of plate-tectonics revolution and W. Jason Morgan work in oil fields
Deffeyes, Nancy
Delaware, Lackawanna & Western Railroad
Delaware River
Delaware Water Gap as Appalachian fragment
deltas: common to pairs of rivers in Great Central Valley Mississippi River Delta
Deluc, Jean André
de Roever, W. P.
deroofing, mountain
Desnoyers, Jules
Devonian period: naming of Ohio in Pennsylvania in and Pequops
Devonshire
d‘Halloy, J. J. d’Omalius view of Darwin’s The Origin of Species
diabase: association with serpentine, gabbro, and basalt in Auburn Ravine defined in ocean crust in ophiolitic sequence in Palisades Sill in Slate Creek, Sierra Nevada see also sheeted dikes
Diablo, Mt.
diamonds: and hot spots in Indiana instability of relationship to graphite source of
diapirs
diatreme
Dick, Thomas
Dickinson, William
dinosaurs: Colorado discoveries extinction of and Morrison formation in Wyoming
diorite: vs. andesite
divides: Continental Divide as geographic borders
docking: defined see also sutures
Dodge, Maj. Gen. Grenville: and Cheyenne
Indians and route for
Union Pacific Railroad
dolomite: in Appalachian region changing limestone into and conodonts in Stansbury Mountains roadcut testing for transforming into marble
Dolomites (Italy)
Donner party
Donner Pass
Donner Summit on
Dougherty, Peggy
Drake, Col. Edwin
Drake, Sir Francis
drill cores
Dry Cottonwood Creek, Wyoming
dunes, Indiana
dunite
Durand, Asher B.
Dyson, Freeman
earthquakes: 1906, San Francisco 1915, Pleasant Valley, Nevada 1959, Yellowstone Park region 1983, Coalinga, California 1983, Jackson Hole, Wyoming 1987, Whittier Narrows 1989, Loma Prieta 1989, San Francisco 1992, Big Bear, Landers, Joshua Tree, new faults 1994, Northridge, California animal behavior Anita Harris experience in Basin and Range and building codes and dams elastic rebound theory and freeways frequency of occurrence and Golden Gate Bridge in Great Central Valley and landfill McPhee experience and mechanics of fault motion and mid-ocean rifts and Parkfield, California and plate tectonics precursors predicting and principle of least astonishment Richter scale right-lateral vs. left-lateral slippage role in assembling of California and San Francisco skyscrapers seismic gaps shallow υs. deep statistics “the big one,” 589; and Watsonville, California see also San Andreas Fault
earthquake weather
East African Rift
eastern North America: in Cenozoic era continental glaciation in in Mesozoic era in Paleozoic era and plate tectonics rivers in see also Appalachians
East Pacific Rise
East Taiwan Ophiolite
Edelman, Steve
Edinburgh, Scotland
Egypt
Ehler, George
elastic rebounds
electron probes
electrum
elephant and blind men (fable)
Ellinwood, Rev. F. F.
Elliott, David
Ellis, Charles
Eltanin
Emerson, Ralph Waldo
Emigrant Gap
emigrants: and Great Salt Lake Desert in Pequots and Pine Bluffs in Sierra Nevada wagon trails and watercress see also Donner party
Emperor Seamounts
Eocene epoch: California fossil riverbeds first horse gold deposits transcontinental physiographic time line
epeirogeny, see exhumation of the Rockies
epicontinental seas epicratonic
Epstein, Anita, see Harris, Anita
Epstein, Jack
equator: in Cambrian period in Devonian period in Mississippian period movement over time in Ordovician period in Precambrian time in Silurian period
Erie, Lake: Kelleys Island
erionite
erosion: glacial impact hydraulic mining as and Manhattan Island of mountains by wind
erratic boulders: defined and early glaciation theorists in Sierra Nevada
erratics, see glacial erratics
escarpments: San Andreas Fault family in Sierra Nevada in Wasatch Mountains White Mountain, Wyoming
eskers: defined
Etna, Mt.: as hot spot
Eurasian Plate and North American Plate
Europe: geologic history
Evans, Albert S.
Everest, Mt.
Ewing, Maurice
exhumation of the Rockies
exotic terranes: in Africa Alaska as attachment to western edge of North America and Colorado defined at latitude of I-8o overview questions about in San Francisco Bay Area Smartville Block Sonomia South American
exploding rock
extensional basins: defined
extensional faulting
extinctions: Cretaceous Permian
F-1 Fault
fans, alluvial
Farallon Ocean
Farallon Plate consumption of triple junction with North American Plate and Pacific Plate
Fathometers
fault blocks: in Basin and Range discerning historical differences floating tilting of
faults: Almadén Winery and Quien Sabe Fault asperities in creeping displacement Hayward Fault and hot spots inactive maps of in Mother Lode belt prominent restraining bends right-lateral vs. left-lateral role in unveiling of plate-tectonic theory strike-slip ; tectonic knots as type of plate boundary and wells where basin meets range see also earthquakes; San Andreas Fault; transform faults
fault scarps
Feather River, California
Ferguson, Adam
ferrous iron, see iron
field geology: vs. Big Picture and David Love and geologic maps Hastings Triplet hand lens importance to geologists vs. laboratory geology and time for thinking
Fifth Avenue, New York City
fill, see basin fill; landfill
Findlay Arch
First Watchung Mountain, New Jersey
Fish Creek, Wyoming
Fishman, Anita, see Harris, Anita
Fishman, Harry
flake tectonics
Flaming Gorge, Wyoming
Flatirons: in Front Range, Colorado
flood basalts: in Coast Ranges Columbia River Deccan Plateau and hot spots Siberian
floodplains: in Great Central Valley
Florida: origins of
fold-and-thrust belts, see anticlines
folding: in Appalachians New Jersey vs. African foldbelts in Tertiary rock see also anticlines; synclines
formations: Bloomsburg Cloverly Fort Union Frontier Hammer Creek Hanna Juniata Madison Martinsburg Morrison Mowry Nugget Ogalalla Old Red Sandstone Shawangunk Strathearn Sundance Tensleep Tonka see also Franciscan mélange
Fort Union formation
fossil assemblages
fossils: and Basin and Range dating diversity of and geologic time scale horseshoe crabs index fossils marine life mass extinctions of species megascopic in New Jersey oysters Precambrian in Wyoming see also conodonts
Founders of Geolog
y, The
Four Corners area
4004 B.C.
Franciscan mélange: along I-80 in Coast Ranges creation of defined Mt. Diablo as part of and San Andreas Fault in San Francisco Bay Area
Franklin, Benjamin
Franklin, Ida
freeways: in earthquakes see also Interstate
Freiberg Mining Academy
French and Indian Wars
Friends of the Earth
Frontier sandstone
Front Range, Rocky Mountains
gabbro: along San Andreas Fault association with serpentine, diabase, and basalt vs. basalts defined in ophiolitic sequence in Rough and Ready roadcuts in Sierra Nevada
Gales, French
Galileo
gangplank, in Wyoming
gaps, mountain see also Delaware Water Gap
Garlock Fault
gas: resource issues
Gas Hills, Wyoming
Gehrels, George
Geikie, Sir Archibald
Genesis: and geologic time scale six days of creation as figure of speech and Werner’s theories see also religion
geochemistry: and metal deposits and oil exploration trace-element
Geological Society of America: and Anita Harris and David Love Moores edits Geology magazine Moores elected president
geologic maps: Composite Magnetic Anomaly Map of the United States creating and field work in magnetic and gravity analysis remapping surface nature of as textbooks on one sheet of paper
geologic time: ability to comprehend and angular unconformities argot for Precambrian dates and Basin and Range and conodonts Conrad metaphor development of scale dispute over Cambro-Silurian line “early” and “late” vs. “upper” and “lower,” geologists’ view of vs. human time language of Moores’ view of and principle of least astonishment representations of role of Hutton and variations in sea level Wyoming Mesozoic snapshot see also time lines, physiographic
geologists: and Big Picture black-box vs. field geology from California as catastrophists decision-making from data development of time scale early U.S. influence of where they grow up left-handed vs. marijuana growers miners’ view of need for inference overview of McPhee’s travels with reconnaissance response to Darwin’s The Origin of Species response to plate-tectonics revolution role of field experience subjectivity among time for thinking while doing field work uniformitarian school value of roadcuts value of streamcuts view of time from Wyoming see also names of individual geologists
geology: black-box vs. field geology branches of dermatology analogy as descriptive science glacial Hutton as modern founder importance of geosynclinal cycle in laboratories laboratory-dating methods language of literary quality of medical effects origins of word repetition in significance of plate tectonics state geological surveys subjectivity of vs. theology