The Tango War
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Quiet Passages program and
Rockefeller, Nelson, and
“secret map” and
Stephenson, William, and
Welles, Orson, and
Roschmann, Eduard “Butcher of Riga”
Rosemblatt, Mauricio
Rossi, Pedro
rubber industry
Batalha da Borracha (Battle for Rubber)
flagelados (whipped ones)
Hevea brasiliensis (rubber tree)
history of
latex
Rubber Soldiers
seringueiros (tappers)
synthetic rubber
U.S. Rubber Development Corporation (RDC)
vulcanizing
Russia
Jews in
October Revolution (1917)
rubber industry
See also Soviet Union
Saint-Exupéry, Antoine de
Salazar, António
samba
Santos, Eduardo
Santos-Dumont, Alberto
Sapper family
Sargent, Francis
SCADTA (Sociedad Colombo-Alemana de Transportes Aéreos)
Schaefer, Paul
Schaffrick, Horst
Schlebrügge, Friedrich Karl von “Morris”
Schroeder, Gustav
Schuler, Friedrich
Schwend, Friedrich
Scliar, Judith
Scliar, Moacyr
Seabrook Farms
Seeger, Alan
Seelmann, Gunter
Shimomura family
Sinclair, Harry
Sindicato Condor
Singlaub, John
Skolnick, Paul
Skolnick, Saul
Smith, R. Harris
soft power
Soviet Russian Pictorial, The
Soviet Union
Cold War
embassy in Mexico
MiG-15
Non-Aggression Pact
synthetic rubber industry
World War II
See also Russia
Special Intelligence Service (SIS)
Stalin, Joseph
Stangl, Franz
Stephenson, William “Intrepid”
Sterling, George
Suggs, Solomon
Suggs, Solomon, Jr.
Taft, William Howard
tango
“Caminito”
“Chile by Night”
“El Gato”
“Night Flight”
Tank, Kurt
Tello Pineda, Héctor
Tisserant, Eugène
Tochio, Taijiro
Torres, Luis de
Treaty of Versailles
Triana, Rodrigo de
Trippe, Juan
Triumph of the Will (film)
Trujillo, Rafael
Truman, Harry
Truscott, Lucien
Tsuneshige, Cesar
Tsuneshige, Makoto
Tsuru, Kiso
Tunney, Gene
U-513 (German submarine)
Ubico, Jorge
Ugarte, Marta
Unger family
United States
“America First” movement
American Jewish Joint Distribution Committee
FCC’s Radio Intelligence Division (RID)
Immigration Act (1924)
internment camps
Mexico and
Model Eugenic Sterilization Law
National Security Doctrine
Office of Strategic Services (OSS)
Prohibition
Quiet Passages (prisoner exchange program)
Uruguay
airline travel to
Battle of the River Plate and
Jewish emigration to
neutrality of
Operation Bolívar and
Plate River and
Vargas, Getúlio
Vargas Llosa, Mario
Venezia (cargo steamer)
Venezuela
oil industry
Rockefeller and
Vidal, Gene
Vidal, Gore
von Collenberg, Rüdt
von Cossel, Hans Henning
Wagner, Gustav “The Beast”
Wagner, Regina
Walmsley, Walter 65
Walters, Vernon
war on terror
Watanabe, José
Wehrle, Erna
Weisblat, Edgard S.
Weizmann, Chaim
Welles, Orson
Citizen Kane
It’s All True
“My Friend Bonito”
Welles, Sumner
Whitney, John Hay “Jock”
Wiazovski, Taciana
Wickham, Henry
Wilkinson, Xenia
Wilson, Richard
Wilson, Woodrow
Winkler-Koch Engineering
Wolf, Max
Wolff, Emil
World Anti-Communist League (WACL)
World War I
Battle of Coronel
Battle of Heligoland
Battle of the Falkland Islands
Battle of the Somme
Black Tom explosion
Canaris, Wilhelm, and
Daniels, Josephus
Davis, William Rhodes, and 32
Donovan, William J., and
Dresden and
Hudal, Alois, and
Mexico and
Morrow, Dwight, and
oil as resource
Phillips, Wallace, and
postwar German emigration to Latin America
SCADTA airline and
Stephenson, William, and
Sterling, George, and
Treaty of Versailles
Unger, Ludwig
weaponry
Zimmerman Telegram
World War II
annexation of Czechoslovakia
Ardeatine massacre
Battle of the Atlantic
Battle of the Caribbean
Battle of the River Plate
bombing of Dresden
Casablanca Conference
Évian Conference
invasion of Austria
invasion of Poland
invasion of Sicily
Operation Bernhard
Operation Bolívar
Plan Rubber
Rio Conference (1942)
Washington Accords
“Winter Storm” campaign
Wright, Orville
Wright, Richard
Wright, Wilbur
xenophobia
Yamamoto, Isoroku
Zannoni, Elmo Gaetano
Zenóbio da Costa, Euclides
Zionism
Zophel, Hans
ALSO BY MARY JO MC CONAHAY
Maya Roads: One Woman’s Journey Among the People of the Rainforest
Ricochet: Two Women War Reporters and a Friendship Under Fire
ABOUT THE AUTHOR
Born in Chicago, MARY JO MCCONAHAY is an award-winning reporter who covered the wars in Central America and economics in the Middle East. She has traveled in seventy countries and has been fascinated by the history of World War II since childhood, when she listened to the stories of her father, a veteran U.S. Navy officer. A graduate of the University of California, Berkeley, she is the author of two memoirs and covers Latin America as an independent journalist. She lives in San Francisco. You can sign up for email updates here.
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CONTENTS
Title Page
Copyright Notice
Dedication
Map of Latin America, 1939–1945
&n
bsp; Introduction: Stormfront
PART I. THE PRIZES
1. The Fight for Southern Skies
2. Black Gold, Oil to Fuel the War
3. White Gold, the Story of the Rubber Soldiers
PART II. THE UNDESIRABLES
4. “Where They Could Not Enter”: Jewish Lives
5. Nazis and Not Nazis, in the Land of the White Butterfly
6. In Inca Country, Capturing “Japanese”
7. Inmates, a Family Affair
PART III. THE ILLUSIONISTS
8. Seduction
9. Spies, Masters of Spies
10. Operation Bolívar, German Espionage in South America
PART IV. THE WARRIORS
11. The Battle of the Atlantic: Southern Seas
12. Smoking Cobras
PART V. THE END WITHOUT AN END
13. Ratlines
14. Connections, the Cold War
Acknowledgments
Sources
Index
Also by Mary Jo McConahay
About the Author
Copyright
THE TANGO WAR. Copyright © 2018 by Mary Jo McConahay. All rights reserved. For information, address St. Martin’s Press, 175 Fifth Avenue, New York, N.Y. 10010.
www.stmartins.com
Cover design by Danielle Fiorella
Cover illustrations: Sudamerika poster © Bernd Steiner/Bridgeman Images; planes © Lazzaro, Umberto di/Bridgeman Images
The Library of Congress Cataloging in Publication Data is available upon request.
ISBN 978-1-250-09123-9 (hardcover)
ISBN 978-1-250-09124-6 (ebook)
eISBN 9781250091246
Our ebooks may be purchased in bulk for promotional, educational, or business use. Please contact the Macmillan Corporate and Premium Sales Department at 1-800-221-7945, extension 5442, or by email at MacmillanSpecialMarkets@macmillan.com.
First Edition: September 2018