Admiral Collingwood
Page 33
Index
Aboukir Bay, battle of 32, 167, 200
Achille, the 331
Achille, HMS 208–210, 309
Achilles, HMS 219
Addington, Henry 173, 202, 203
Admiralty Board 46
Adriatic, the 263, 265, 282–3
Africa, HMS 309
Agamemnon, HMS 128, 309
Aikenhead, Midshipman 217–8
Ajaccio 149
Ajax, HMS 309
Ajuntament, the, Mahon 19–20
Alexander, HMS 140
Algiers 238–9
Allemand, Admiral 262
American Revolutionary War 60–76, 77–8, 90, 299
Amiens, Treaty of 20
Andreossi, General 192
Anson, Admiral Lord George 42–3
Antigua 86–90
Ardent, HMS 111
Atlas, HMS 168
Aubrey, Jack 13, 16, 44, 96, 120, 253
Audacious, HMS 133
Austen, Jane 25, 171, 199
Austerlitz, battle of 230, 235
Austria 19, 40, 116, 178, 282
Badger, HMS 78, 79, 80, 338
Ball, Captain Alexander 232, 277, 287
Baltic Coalition, termination of 184
Bantry Bay 186
Barcelona, relief convoy 284–6
Barfleur, HMS 131, 134, 135–37, 137–8, 178, 179, 187, 338
Barham, Lord 210, 211, 238
Bastia 147, 151
Bellerophon, HMS 219, 309, 333
Bellisle, HMS 219, 232, 309, 332
Berkeley, Captain 59
Blackett, Sir Edward 114, 150, 152
Blackett, John Erasmus 113, 249, 277
Black Gate, Newcastle 36
Blackwood, Captain Henry 24, 216, 224, 227
Bligh, Captain William 106
blockade strategy 177–8, 196
Bonaparte, Napoleon
early life 146
at Toulon 129
rise of 140–1
Italian campaign 148–9, 150, 151
Collingwood on 149, 177, 250–1
Egyptian campaign 165, 167, 169, 185
declared First Consul 175
peace negotiations 177
British plot to overthrow 192
military buildup 193
demands evacuation of Malta 195
prepares to invade England 196, 202
proclaims self Emperor 203
combines French and Spanish fleets 205
abandons invasion plans 211
and Sicily 232
bans trade with Britain 248
invades Portugal 254
orders Toulon squadron out 262
and Spain 266
Boreas, HMS 91
Boscawen, Admiral Edward 42
Boston 60–61, 64, 67, 69
Boston and Country Gazette and Journal (newspaper) 62
Boston Port Bill 62
Boston Tea Party 60, 61, 62
Boswell, James 145
Botany Bay 106
Boulogne 185, 203–4
Boulton, Matthew 123
Bounce (dog) 17–18, 26, 111, 113, 191, 211, 229–30, 246, 250–1, 269–70, 287–88
Bounty, HMS 106, 107
Bowyer, Rear-Admiral Sir George 109, 119, 120, 131, 136, 137–8
Boyne, HMS 64
Bradley, Thomas 58–9
Braithwaite, Richard 41, 44, 47, 54, 204
Brest, blockade of 176, 178–79, 183, 197
Bridport, Lord 162, 176
Bristol, HMS 77, 79, 338
Britannia, HMS 309
Bucentaure, the 223, 329, 337
Bullard, Thomas 57–8
Bunker’s Hill, Battle of, 1775 24, 66-9
Buonaparte, Carlo 146
Burgoyne, General John 78–9
Byng, Admiral Sir John 16-17, 40
Cadiz 54, 206, 267-70, 270-2
blockade of 24, 164, 166, 207–212, 232, 235, 247
action off 207–10
Franco–Spanish fleet leaves 215–6
Caesar, HMS 137
Calder, Sir Robert 215, 236
Caldwell, Admiral 137
Calvi 147
Camperdown, battle of 107, 165
Canada 39
Cape St Vincent, battle of 24, 32, 154–60, 159–60
Captain, HMS 32, 155, 156-57, 157, 158
careening 55
Caribbean Sea 57
Carlyle, Alexander 114, 141, 186, 194–5, 207
Cartagena 232, 234, 265
Castle Street, London 70–71
Castlereagh, Viscount 255
casualties
the Glorious First of June 134–35
Cape St Vincent 158
Trafalgar 222, 308–11
Cawsand Bay 181, 199, 204
Chalmers, William 221
Channel fleet 79, 173–4, 177–78
Charlestown 24, 61, 66–7, 68
Charlotte Dundas, the 189
Chatham, Lord 109
Chesapeake, USS 254
Chester-le-Street 39
Chirton, North Shields 21–22, 246, 265, 287
Clarence, Duke of 291
Clark Russell, William 298
Clas, Captain Edward le 69
Clavell, First Lieutenant John 18, 210–11, 217, 222–23, 242
Clay, Richard 178
Cochrane, Admiral Thomas, Earl of Dundonald 85, 112–3, 270, 274, 291
Codrington, Captain Edward 25, 214
Collingwood, Admiral Cuthbert, Baron
appearance 15, 191
telescope 15
comparison with Nelson 15–16, 303
control 18
ghost 18
role 18, 33, 34, 312
staff 18
expenses 18–19
in Menorca 19
survey of Port Mahon 20
homesickness 20–21, 45, 165
daughters 21
wife 21
patronage 21–2, 125–25
humour 22
discipline 22–3, 24, 59, 84, 95–6, 177, 202, 255
treatment of men 22–4
courage 24
tactical ability 24
strategic ability 24–5
critics of 25
memorials 26-7, 36, 294
neglect of 34
family background 35
birth 35, 36
siblings 35-6
choice of a naval career 40–43
education 41
prize money 43
service aboard the Shannon 44–5, 47
first visit to the Mediterranean 47, 47–53
service aboard the Gibraltar 47–8
rated midshipman 48
promotion to master’s mate 50
log entries 50–53, 57
service aboard the Liverpool 50–54
service aboard the Lennox 55–6
service aboard the Portland 56–9
voyage to the West Indies 56–7
in Jamaica 57–9
return to England 59–60
first meets Nelson 60
arrival in Boston 63
service aboard the Preston 63, 69–70
on Boston 66
at Bunker’s Hill 24, 68
promotion to Lieutenant 24, 69
stay in London 69–70
service aboard the Hornet 70, 72–5
on the press gang 70–72
first court martial 76
Nelson’s influence 79
promotion to second lieutenant 80
promotion to master and commander 79
promotion to post-captain 79, 80
and the San Juan River expedition 80
loss of the Pelican 81–82
second court martial 81
return to England (1782) 82–3
sense of humour 82–3
returns to the West Indies (1783) 84–6
service aboard the Mediator 84–6, 90–91, 98–9
relationship with Mary Moutr
ay 88–9, 92, 95
enforces the Navigation Acts 90–91, 92–96
diplomacy 92
Nelson’s portrait of 92
portrait of Nelson 92
on Nelson 95, 168, 179–80, 181–2, 231
loyalty to Nelson 95
treatment of midshipmen 96–7
Mediator struck by lightning 99
return to England (1786) 99
in London (1786) 101–2
return to Newcastle 99–100
care for crews’ health 100
informed of Wilfred’s death 105–6
attempts to get ship 109–10
necessaries 110–11
turns down command of the Ardent 111
recruitment methods 111–12
command of the Mermaid 110–14
courtship of Sarah Blackett 113–14
marriage 114
birth of daughters 115, 126
house in Morpeth 115
political affiliation 117
on European political instability 117
service aboard the Prince 119, 125–26
appointed flag captain 119–20
attack on ‘interest’ 126–7
on the fall of Toulon 129
service aboard the Barfleur 131, 134, 135–36, 137–8
on the war 131, 179, 283–4, 301
at Glorious First of June 133–4, 135, 136–37, 137–8
on the loss of Bowyer 136
Bowyer on 137–8
and the King’s visit to the fleet 140
visit north 140
takes command of the Excellent 141
concerns about the state of the navy 141
on Corsica 144
return to the Mediterranean 147–8
at Corsica 147–51
on Napoleon 149, 176, 251–2
opinion of Paoli 150
on Napoleon’s Italian campaign 150
evacuation of Corsica 151
and Jervis 153, 153–4
and midshipmen 155
at Cape St Vincent 24, 154, 156, 157–59
recognition for actions at Cape St Vincent 159–60
medal for Cape St Vincent 160
personal authority 162–3
at Cadiz 24, 164, 166, 267–40, 270–72
promotion to commodore 167
promotion to rear-admiral 168
visits home 168
at Morpeth, 1799 169–73
on French strategy 170
on his family 170
on royalty 171
service with the Channel fleet 173–7
blockade duty at Brest 175, 177–79, 183
on Napoleon’s coup 175
disapproval of Lady Hamilton 180
on Hyde Parker 184
on peace treaty 185
off Ireland 186
on French Republican government 187–8
sense of duty 187, 201, 238, 276–77
and the Téméraire mutiny 187
returns home 188–89
in retirement 190–93
on the breakdown of relations with France 193–4
recalled to service 196
on the invasion threat 198
returns to blockade duty at Brest 197
on the condition of the Venerable 199
Hay on 200–202
command style 202
desire to serve at Cadiz 204
on Pitt 203
on Bonaparte’s threat 204
depression 204
Secret Letter book 206, 227
on Villeneuve’s voyage to the West Indies 207
action off Cadiz 207–9
reliance on Clavell and Cosway 210–211
Robinson on 210, 221, 246
preparations for Trafalgar 211–5
relationship with Nelson 212–3, 296
at Trafalgar 18–19, 216, 217–8, 218–24
engagement with the Santa Anna 221–22
informed of Nelson’s death 16, 223
takes command at Trafalgar 223
aftermath of Trafalgar 224–8
orders destruction of captured vessels 225
Trafalgar dispatch 227–8, 294, 327–37
on Trafalgar 311
appointed Commander-in-Chief of the Mediterranean fleet 230
elevated to Baron 20, 231, 241–2
on the death of Nelson 231, 331
correspondence with d’Alava 233–34
and money 235–6
and Sicily 238, 241, 242–43
letter to Pacha of Algiers 239–40
inherits coal mine 244–45
coat of arms 247–8
blockades Cadiz 247, 249
and Turkey 248, 252–3
thoughts of home 249–50
command 255
diplomatic mission to Turkey 254–9
on diplomats 257
at Syracuse 258, 260–63
search for French fleet 262–3, 267
bowel problems 264
assistance to Spanish uprising 268–72
Sorcevani portrait 272–3
and the blockade of Toulon 273–4, 281
on Spain 274
request to return home turned down 258–9
at Malta 277–78
appointed Major-General of Marines 277
visit to Palermo 278–80
on army leadership 280–2
the Barcelona convoy 283–7
death of Bounce 26, 285–86
final days 287–91
resigns commission 21, 26, 288
death of 21, 26, 290, 294
funeral 24, 291–2
will 292
status 293–6, 296
achievement 296–7
biographies 295–99, 306
letters 296–8, 298–302
possible future 302–5
reputation 305–6
commissions 338–9
Collingwood, Sir Cuthbert 35
Collingwood, Cuthbert (father) 35, 44, 102
Collingwood, Dorothy 36, 102
Collingwood, Edward 113, 301
Collingwood, Eleanor 36
Collingwood, George 35
Collingwood, John 36, 41, 102, 299
Collingwood, Mary 36, 102, 112
Collingwood, Mary Patience 116, 126, 140
Collingwood, Sarah (daughter) 116
Collingwood, Sarah (née Blackett)
courtship of 113–14
marriage 114
Collingwood on 171
feelings 171–2
letters 171, 299
journeys to Plymouth 181–2
in Plymouth 185
returns to Morpeth 185
receives news of Trafalgar 228
introduces daughters to society 246
society lifestyle 265–66
and the Sorcevani portrait 272–3
spending 287
reaction to Collingwood’s death 292
Collingwood, Wilfred 36–7, 41, 56–7, 92, 94, 100, 104–106, 253
Collingwood House, Mahon 14–15, 17–20, 26, 27
Colossus, HMS 208–9, 219, 309
Concord, battle of 66
Conqueror, HMS 309
Constitution, USS 61
Continental System 170, 248
Conway, Captain 109
Cook, James 49, 103, 106–7
Cooke, Captain John 219, 331
Copenhagen 254
Copenhagen, battle of 32-33, 107, 183–4
Cordova, Admiral Don Jose 155
Corfu 262, 282–3
Corset, Nathaniel 65
Corsica
Collingwood on 47–8
strategic importance 143, 148
economy 143–4
history 144–47
Paoli’s reforms 145
French occupation of 145–46
British ‘liberation’ of 146–47
British occupation of 147–8
evacuation of 150–51
Corunna, retreat to 270
Cosway, William 18, 209–210, 289
courts martial 58–9, 59–60
Craig, General Sir James 237
Crawford, Abraham 279, 285, 297
Creevey, Thomas 286, 295–6
Culloden, battle of 36
Culloden, HMS 156, 157–58, 199–203, 339
Currell, Tom 273
Curtis, Sir Roger 137–8, 138, 230
Cuthbert, St 36
d’Alava, Vice-Admiral Ignatius Maria 233–34
Dalling, Major-General John 79
Danae, HMS 177
Davidson, John 22
Davies, William 56–7
Defence, HMS 219, 309
Defiance, HMS 219, 309
Defoe, Daniel 39
Denmark 40, 254
Deseada 98
devils bolts 199–200
Diamond, HMS 81
Diamond, HMS (second vessel of that name) 195, 339
Diligence, HMS 58
discipline
floggings 56–7, 58, 59, 96–7, 254–55
death penalty 58
acceptance of 162
Dog Leap Stairs, Newcastle 36
Dolphin, the 94
Domenica 57
Dos de Mayo uprising 33, 267–8
Douglas, Sir Andrew 137
Douglas, Sir Charles 123
Dreadnought, HMS 203, 208–210, 212, 219, 309, 339
Duckworth, Sir John 235, 248–9, 252–3
Duff, Captain George 219, 336
Duncan, Admiral Adam 163, 165
Dundas, Henry, Viscount Melville 203, 210
Dunn, Alexander 53
Dutch, the 39
East India Company 107
Eddystone Lighthouse 56
Edinburgh 115–16
Egypt 166, 167, 169, 185, 252–53, 254–5
Eldon, Lord 41, 225
Elliot, Anne 171
Elliot, Sir Gilbert 148, 238
English Harbour, Antigua 86–7
English Lion dismembered, The (cartoon) 16–17
Euryalus, HMS 216, 216–7, 224, 333, 337
Excellent, HMS 141, 149, 154–5, 156, 157–58, 168, 339
false signalling 209–10
Fenn, Waldemar 14
Ferdinand, King 174, 240, 243, 274, 279–80
Ferrol 207
flag captains 119–20
food 161
France
strategic interests 39
and the American Revolutionary War 78, 90
economic collapse 108–9
political instability 117–18
declares war on Austria and Prussia 116
invades the United Provinces 117
declares war on Britain 118
the Terrors 128–9, 141–2
Spain allies with 151
Republican government 187–8
breakdown of relations with Britain 193–4
Frederick, Duke of York 175, 196–7
Fremantle, Captain Thomas 25, 214
French navy
condition, 1793 128
Brest fleet 131–37, 174–5, 175
and the Invasion of Ireland 152
invasion fleet 184
strength 188
quality 205
Nelson pursues 206–7, 207–8
retires to Cadiz 207–9
at Trafalgar 218, 223, 310