2. Rennell. The Last Days of Glory, p. 268.
3. Daily Telegraph, 5.2.01.
4. Rennell. The Last Days of Glory, p. 227.
5. Ibid.
6. Westminster Gazette, 5.2.01.
7. Lawrence (ed.). Collected Letters of Bernard Shaw, p. 216.
8. Daily Chronicle, 7.2.01.
9. Rennell. The Last Days of Glory, p. 197.
10. Ibid., p. 198.
11. Daily News, 28.1.01.
12. Gilmour. Curzon, p. 234.
13. Ibid.
14. The Times, 6.2.01.
15. Kaplan. Henry James, pp. 180–1, p. 350.
16. Victor Cavendish diaries, 23.1.01.
17. Rennell. The Last Days of Glory, p. 287.
Chapter 2: The Spirit of the Age
1. Heffer. Power and Place, p. 21.
2. Foot (ed.). The Gladstone Diaries, p. 123.
3. Royal Archives, R229, Windsor Castle.
4. Heffer. Power and Place, p. 35.
5. Royal Archives, Z449/94, Windsor Castle.
6. Ibid., 449/69.
7. Ibid., 449/74.
8. Ibid., 449/80.
9. Ibid., 449/86.
10. Rowland Evans diaries, 24.6.02.
11. Fisher. Joseph Lister, p. 315.
12. Ibid.
13. Ibid.
14. Magnus. King Edward VII, p. 268.
15. Priestley. The Edwardians, p. 65.
16. Heffer. Power and Place, p. 50.
17. Magnus. King Edward VII, p. 267.
18. Cecil. Life in Edwardian England, p. 111.
19. Magnus. King Edward VII, p. 274.
20. Cecil. Life in Edwardian England, p. 8.
21. Cardigan, Countess of. My Recollections, p. 174.
22. Portland, Duke of. Men, Women and Things, p. 227.
23. Athlone, Countess of. For My Grandchildren, p. 30.
24. Magnus. King Edward VII, p. 123.
25. Ibid., p. 315.
26. Lee. Edward VII, p. 153.
27. Magnus. King Edward VII, p. 301.
28. Ibid., p. 313.
29. Ibid.
Chapter 3: The Powers Behind the Throne
1. Royal Archives, 42/61, Windsor Castle.
2. Mackay. Balfour, p. 40.
3. Gordon. The Victorian School Manager, p. 207.
4. Churchill. Great Contemporaries, p. 183.
5. Ibid., p. 45.
6. Mackay. Balfour, p. 124.
7. Greenville. Lord Salisbury and Foreign Policy, p. 421.
8. Mackay. Balfour, p. 124.
9. Gilmour. Curzon, p. 185.
10. Ibid., p. 186.
11. Ibid., p. 428.
12. Ibid., p. 166.
13. Churchill. Great Contemporaries, p. 71.
14. Ibid., p. 9.
15. Rhodes James. The British Revolution, p. 154.
16. Churchill. Great Contemporaries, p. 1.
17. Ibid., p. 7.
18. Jenkins. Asquith, p. 259.
19. Indian budget debate 1907.
20. Magnus. King Edward VII, p. 308.
21. Ibid.
22. Royal Archives, 45/59, Windsor Castle.
23. Ibid., 45/72.
24. Heffer. Power and Place, p. 224.
25. Ibid.
26. Esher papers, 10/57, Churchill College, Cambridge.
27. Heffer. Power and Place, p. 285.
28. Ibid., p. 216.
29. Ibid., p. 213.
30. Massie. Dreadnought, p. 406.
31. Ibid., p. 457.
32. Churchill. Great Contemporaries, p. 266.
33. Magnus. King Edward VII, p. 346.
34. Royal Archives, George V, AA 24/31, Windsor Castle.
35. Magnus. King Edward VII, p. 348.
36. Ibid., p. 260.
37. Ibid., p. 386.
38. Lee. Edward VII, p. 180.
39. Royal Archives, George V, AA 24/42, Windsor Castle.
40. Royal Archives, R27/21.
41. Magnus. King Edward VII, p. 353.
42. Ibid., p. 348.
Chapter 4: The Condition of England
1. Masterman. The Condition of England, p. 17.
2. Haggard. Rural England, p. 536.
3. Drummond and Wilbraham. The Englishman’s Food, p. 403.
4. Johnson (ed.). Twentieth-Century Britain, p. 23.
5. Altimrah. Economic Elements of Pax Britannica, p. 37.
6. Johnson (ed.). Twentieth-Century Britain, p. 24.
7. Hawkins. The Death of Rural England, p. 8.
8. Johnson (ed.). Twentieth-Century Britain, p. 65.
9. Ashworth. An Economic History of England, p. 3.
10. Bourke. Dismembering the Male, p. 13.
11. Kershen. Henry Mayhew and Charles Booth, p. 105.
12. Davis. Life in an English Village, p. 45.
13. Rowntree and Kendall. How the Labourer Lives, p. 312.
14. Dundee Social Union. Report on Housing and Industrial Conditions 1905, p. 24.
15. John. At the Works, p. 11.
16. Gazeley. Poverty in Britain, p. 10.
17. Bowley. Wages and Income since 1860, p. 42.
18. Reeves. Round About a Pound a Week, p. 114.
19. Ibid., p. 65.
20. Report upon the Study of the Diet of the Labouring Classes in the City of Glasgow, 1911.
21. Reeves. Round About a Pound a Week, p. 149.
22. Ibid., p. 210.
23. John. At the Works, p. 47.
24. Thane. Old Age in English History, part III, p. 292.
25. Johnson (ed.). Twentieth-Century Britain, p. 95.
26. Davies (ed.). Maternity: Letters from Working Women, p. 60.
27. Gazeley. Poverty in Britain, p. 19.
Part Two: ‘Enough of this Tomfoolery’
Chapter 5: Unfinished Business
1. Thomas. Rhodes: The Race for Africa, p. 234.
2. Rhodes-James. The British Revolution, p. 175.
3. Ibid., p. 192.
4. Ibid., p. 173.
5. Ibid., p. 182.
6. Ibid., p. 189.
7. Ibid., p. 194.
8. Ibid., p. 189.
9. Jenkins. Asquith, p. 114.
10. Ibid.
11. Ibid.
12. Rhodes James. The British Revolution, p. 197.
13. Grigg. The Young Lloyd George, p. 262.
14. Rhodes James. The British Revolution, p. 198.
15. Ibid.
16. Mackay. Balfour, p. 82.
17. Thomas. Rhodes, p. 343.
18. Grigg. The Young Lloyd George, p. 258.
19. Ibid.
20. Ibid., p. 201.
21. Rhodes James. The British Revolution, p. 260.
22. Grigg. The Young Lloyd George, p. 264.
23. Jenkins. Asquith, p. 119.
24. Rhodes James. The British Revolution, p. 203.
25. Grigg. The Young Lloyd George, p. 270.
26. Jenkins. Asquith, p. 121.
27. Rhodes James. The British Revolution, p. 277.
28. Jenkins. Asquith, p. 128.
29. Grigg. The Young Lloyd George, p. 286.
Chapter 6: A Preference for Empire
1. Joseph Chamberlain Papers. University of Birmingham, note by J. S. Sanders, 16.10.28.
2. Cabinet papers, 41/28, No. 4, letter 10.3.03, Public Record Office.
3. Balfour. Essays and Addresses, p. 139.
4. Mackay. Balfour, p. 137.
5. Cabinet papers, 41/29, No. 8, 12.5.03, Public Record Office.
6. Balfour papers, 49770, H66741, 27.8.03, British Library.
7. Annual Register, 1903
8. Fitzroy. Memoirs, p. 143.
9. Hansard, 28.5.03, column 123.
10. Mackay. Balfour, p. 146.
11. Ibid., p. 149.
12. Cabinet papers, 41/28, No. 19, 15.8.03, Public Record Office.
13. Gollin. Balfour’s Burden, p. 153.
14. Devonshire mss, series 340, 2902, Chatsworth House,
Derbyshire.
15. Ibid.
16. Fitzroy. Memoirs, p. 152.
17. Holland. Life of Spear Compton, pp. 342ff.
18. Royal Archives, R23, No. 85, Windsor Castle.
19. Gollin. Balfour’s Burden, p. 162.
20. Victor Cavendish diaries, 18.9.03.
21. Holland. Life of Spear Compton, p. 352.
22. Gollin. Balfour’s Burden, p. 172.
23. Ibid., p. 174.
24. Ibid.
25. The Times, 18.8.07.
26. Royal Archives, R23, No. 100, 1.10.03, Windsor Castle.
27. Churchill. Great Contemporaries, p. 194.
28. Holland. Life of Spencer Compton, p. 369.
29. Fitzroy. Memoirs, p. 150.
30. Gollin. Balfour’s Burden, p. 182.
31. Royal Archives, R23, No. 103, 4.10.03, Windsor Castle.
32. Gollin. Balfour’s Burden, p. 184.
33. Jay. Joseph Chamberlain, p. 257.
34. Fraser. Evolution of the British Welfare State, p. 257.
35. Cabinet papers, 41/30, No. 10B, 21.3.05, Public Record Office.
36. Fraser. Evolution of the British Welfare State, p. 261.
37. Mackay. Balfour, p. 251.
38. Ibid., p. 213.
39. Ibid.
40. Ibid., p. 215.
41. Ibid., p. 226.
42. Jenkins. Asquith, p. 148.
Chapter 7: Uniting the Nation
1. Cabinet papers, 41/30, No. 5B, 28.2.05, Public Record Office.
2. Ibid. No. 30, 1.8.05.
3. Ibid.
4. Webb. Our Partnership, p. 322.
5. Fraser. Evolution of the British Welfare State, p. 173.
6. Royal Commission on Poor Law, 1902, Minutes of Evidence, Q 2230.
7. Hollis. Ladies Elect, p. 250.
8. Rhodes James. The British Revolution, p. 240.
9. New Review, December 1903.
10. Webb. The Diaries of Beatrice Webb, 30.10.01
11. Addison. Churchill on the Home Front, p. 56.
12. Ibid., p. 71.
13. Harris. William Beveridge, p. 139.
14. Cabinet papers 37/98/159, 30.11.09, Public Record Office.
15. Fraser. Evolution of the British Welfare State, p. 186.
16. Ibid., p. 169.
17. Addison. Churchill on the Home Front, p. 74.
18. Fraser. Evolution of the British Welfare State, p. 109.
19. Addison. Churchill on the Home Front, p. 75.
20. Ibid., p. 78.
21. Masterman. The Condition of England, p. 135.
22. Rhodes James. The British Revolution, p. 244.
23. Jenkins. Churchill, p. 147.
24. Soames (ed.). Speaking for Themselves, p. 21.
25. Ibid.
26. Ibid.
27. Addison. Churchill on the Home Front, p. 86.
28. Ibid.
29. Ibid., p. 111.
30. Jenkins. Churchill, p. 179.
31. Addison. Churchill on the Home Front, p. 115.
32. Ibid., p. 116.
33. Howard. Rab, p. 255.
34. Addison. Churchill on the Home Front, p. 114.
35. Jenkins. Churchill, p. 184.
Chapter 8: Who Shall Rule?
1. Jenkins. Asquith, p. 179.
2. Ibid., p. 162.
3. Balfour papers, 49729, 31.3.06, British Library.
4. Jenkins. Asquith, p. 197, note 1.
5. Grigg. The People’s Champion, p. 178.
6. Ibid.
7. Ibid.
8. Ibid.
9. Mallet. British Budgets, p. 298.
10. Fraser. Evolution of the British Welfare State, p. 177.
11. Pearce. Lines of Most Resistance, p. 249.
12. Ibid., p. 246.
13. Hansard, 29.5.08, column 395.
14. Dangerfield. The Strange Death of Liberal England, p. 30.
15. Ibid.
16. Grigg. The People’s Champion, p. 173.
17. The Times, 3.5.09.
18. Ibid., 4.5.09.
19. Grigg. The People’s Champion, p. 198.
20. Jenkins. Asquith, p. 406.
21. Grigg. The People’s Champion, p. 198.
22. The Times, 16.6.09.
23. Ibid., 17.7.09.
24. Ibid.
25. Addison. Churchill on the Home Front, p. 89.
26. Jenkins. Asquith, p. 160.
27. Addison. Churchill on the Home Front, p. 89.
28. Ibid., p. 87.
29. Ibid.
30. Grigg. The People’s Champion, p. 208.
31. Magnus. King Edward VII, p. 421.
32. Jenkins. Asquith, p. 200.
33. Grigg. The People’s Champion, p. 233.
34. Jenkins. Asquith, p. 202.
35. Spender and Asquith, Life of Lord Oxford and Asquith, p. 261.
36. Grigg. The People’s Champion, p. 234.
37. Jenkins. Asquith, p. 209.
38. Nicolson. King George V, p. 213.
39. Jenkins. Asquith, p. 218.
40. Ibid., p. 221.
41. Nicolson. King George V, p. 221.
42. Blake. The Unknown Prime Minister, p. 69.
43. Ibid.
Part Three: ‘The Force Majeure which Activates and Arms’
Chapter 9: Ourselves Alone
1. MacBride. Servant of the Queen, p. 295.
2. Kee. The Green Flag, p. 44.
3. MacBride. Servant of the Queen, p. 321.
4. Ibid., p. 327.
5. Ibid., p. 316.
6. Kee. The Green Flag, p. 458.
7. Ibid.
8. Report into Housing Conditions of Working Class in Dublin. Parliamentary Papers, 1914, vol. xix, p. 66.
9. Kee. The Green Flag, p. 491.
10. Greaves. The Life and Times of James Connolly, p. 23.
11. Ibid.
12. Ibid., p. 133.
13. Kee. The Green Flag, p. 493.
14. MacBride. Servant of the Queen, p. 317.
15. United Irishman, 8.10.1899.
16. Ibid., 6.4.03.
17. Cork Examiner, 3.8.03.
18. Jenkins. Asquith, p. 121.
19. Ibid., p. 132.
20. Ibid., p. 136.
21. Kee. The Green Flag, p. 455.
22. Ibid., p. 22.
23. Ibid.
24. Hyde. Carson, p. 466.
25. Ibid., p. 462.
26. Jenkins. Asquith, p. 276.
27. Hyde. Carson, p. 467.
28. Ibid., p. 510.
29. Pearce. Lines of Most Resistance, p. 402.
30. Rhodes James. The British Revolution, p. 271.
31. Blake. The Unknown Prime Minister, p. 130.
32. Ensor. England 1870–1914, p. 359.
33. The Times, 16.3.14.
34. Hyde. Carson, p. 339.
35. Kee. The Green Flag, p. 479.
36. Ibid., p. 483.
37. Greaves. The Life and Times of James Connolly, p. 248.
38. Report of Dublin Disturbances Committee, Parliamentary Papers, 1914, vol. xviii, p. 647.
39. Dangerfield. The Strange Death of Liberal England, p. 262.
Chapter 10: Votes for Women!
1. Gretton. A Modern History of the English People, p. 185.
2. The Times, 13.6. 1884.
3. Booth. Life and Labour of the People in London, p. 59.
4. Pugh. The Pankhursts, p. 82.
5. Ibid.
6. Lewis. Eva Gore-Booth and Esther Roper, p. 17.
7. Ibid., p. 6.
8. Pugh. The Pankhursts, p. 93.
9. Ibid., p. 107.
10. Ibid., p. 101.
11. John Bruce Glazier, diaries 5.4.02, Sydney Jones Library, University of Liverpool.
12. Labour Leader, 14.3.03.
13. Ibid., 30.5.03.
14. Pugh. The Pankhursts, p. 125.
15. Addison. Churchill on the Home Front, p. 48.
16. Ibid.
17. Pugh. The Pankhursts,
p. 128.
18. Ibid.
19. Ibid., p. 129.
20. Addison. Churchill on the Home Front, p. 49.
21. Jenkins. Churchill, p. 185.
22. Pugh. The Pankhursts, p. 137.
23. Daily Mirror, 2.3.06.
24. Pugh. The Pankhursts, p. 165.
25. Ibid. p. 167.
26. Pugh. The Pankhursts, p. 180.
27. Ibid.
28. Ibid.
29. Scott papers, 128/67/68, Manchester Guardian, 21.5.09.
30. Pugh. The Pankhursts, p. 185.
31. Scott papers, 128/87.
32. Pugh. The Pankhursts, p. 195.
33. Magnus. King Edward VII, p. 396.
34. Ibid., p. 409.
35. Jenkins. Asquith, p. 246.
36. Jenkins. Churchill, p. 186.
37. Pugh. The Pankhursts, p. 213.
38. Scott Papers, 128/190.
39. Pugh. The Pankhursts, p. 230.
40. The Suffragette, 12.11.12.
41. Jenkins. Asquith, p. 249.
42. Ibid., p. 250.
43. Pugh. The Pankhursts, p. 266.
44. The Suffragette, 7.8.14.
45. Jenkins. Asquith, p. 243.
Chapter 11: United We Stand
1. Pelling. The History of the British Trade Unions, p. 125.
2. Webb. History of Trade Unions, p. 568.
3. Dugan. The Shipwrights, p. 120.
4. Mortimer. History of the Boilermakers Society, p. 144.
5. Rhodes-James. The British Revolution, p. 162.
6. Dugan. The Shipwrights, p. 125.
7. Mortimer. History of the Boilermakers Society, p. 145.
8. Challinor. The Lancashire and Cheshire Miners, p. 225.
9. Cabinet papers, 41/29, No. 12, Public Record Office.
10. Ibid., 41/29, N12/37.
11. Ibid.
12. Mackay. Balfour, p. 227.
13. Jenkins. Asquith, p. 170.
14. The Times, 14.8.15.
15. Morgan. Labour People, p. 42.
16. Jenkins, Churchill, p. 408.
17. ‘Colliery Disturbances in South Wales’, parliamentary papers, lxiv, column 5568, 1911.
18. Addison. Churchill on the Home Front, p. 142.
19. Pelling. The History of the British Trade Unions, p. 129.
20. Ibid., p. 131.
21. Ibid., p. 133.
22. Ibid., p. 138.
23. Ibid., p. 140.
Chapter 12: Useful Members of the Community
1. Stephens. Education in Britain, p. 83.
2. Ibid., p. 84.
3. Ibid.
4. Ibid., p. 92.
5. Annual Register, 1890, p. 51.
The Edwardians Page 57