Walter Isaacson Great Innovators e-book boxed set: Steve Jobs, Benjamin Franklin, Einstein

by Isaacson, Walter

  INDEX

  Page numbers in italics refer to illustrations.

  Abby Road (Beatles), 412

  ABC, 219, 436, 438

  Academy Awards, 244, 248

  Adams, Ansel, 105, 277, 330

  Adams, Scott, 523

  Adobe, 241, 247, 381, 518

  Apple and, 514–16

  Adobe Director, 363

  Adobe Flash, 380, 514–15, 517

  Adobe Illustrator, 242

  Adobe Photoshop, 380

  Adobe Premiere, 380

  Advertising Age, 165, 418

  Advocate, The, 280, 282

  A4 (microchip), 492–93, 496

  Agnelli, Susanna, 126

  Aguilera, Christina, 418

  Agus, David, 550

  Airborne Express, 359

  Air Force, U.S., 23

  AirPort (base station), 466

  Akers, John, 219, 231, 569

  Akon (performer), 479

  Aladdin (film), 439

  Alcorn, Al, xiii, 42–43, 45, 52, 54, 67, 72, 74, 195

  Ali, Muhammad, 307

  Alinsangan, Susan, 391

  Allchin, Jim, 403

  Allen, Gary, 376

  Allen, Paul, 59, 61

  Allen, Tim, 432

  Allen, Woody, 429

  All One Farm (commune), 39, 50, 53, 59, 63, 103

  All Things Digital conference, 463

  “All Watched Over by Machines of Loving Grace” (Brautigan), 57

  Alps Electronics Co., 146–47

  Altair (personal computer), 59, 173

  Alto (computer), 95

  Amazon, 410, 531, 533

  Kindle of, 503, 534

  SJ on, 503–4

  Amelio, Gil, xiii, 296–97, 327, 332, 335, 336, 341

  Apple-NeXT deal and, 299–303

  Macworld gaffe of, 307–8, 339

  media and, 311–12

  Newton crisis and, 309, 338

  ouster of, 305–15, 324, 326

  ship parable of, 310

  SJ’s first meeting with, 297–98, 304, 316–17

  American Express, 410

  Ames, Roger, 398–99, 401, 402

  Ames Research Center, 8–9

  Anderson, Fred, 313, 316, 317, 332, 349, 459

  backdated stock options controversy and, 450–51

  Angelou, Maya, 330

  “Annie” skunkworks project, 94, 109

  Ansen, David, 290

  “Antennagate,” 519–23

  Antz (film), 427–30

  Anywhere but Here (Simpson), 4, 254–55

  AOL, 502

  AOL Time Warner, 394–95, 398, 407

  Apollo 13 (film), 290

  Appel, Richard, 250, 274, 548

  Apple Computer Co., 54, 90, 132, 207, 239, 295, 306–7, 308, 317–22, 394–95, 409, 512

  Adobe and, 514–16

  Apple Corps lawsuits against, 419–20, 523–24

  applications controlled by, 516–17

  art-technology connection and, 526–27

  badge controversy in, 83

  Blue Box and creation of, 27–30

  business plan of, 76–77

  collaborative culture of, 362–63

  Cook Doctrine and, 488

  Cook’s role in, 360–61

  design mantra of, 127

  design philosophy of, 344–45

  design studio of, 345–47

  desktop concept and, 98–99

  desktop publishing and, 295–96

  incorporation of, 77–78

  Intel chips adopted by, 446–48

  IPO of, 102–4

  logo of, xviii, 68–69, 79–80

  Macintosh deal and, 324–25

  Microsoft out-competed by, 562–63

  motto of, 69

  name of, 63

  NeXT and, 213–15, 217–18, 221–22, 298–300, 305–6

  original partnership of, 63–66, 73

  origins of, 61–63

  product review process of, 336–39

  products of, 565–66

  retreats of, 142–45, 147, 154–55, 175, 398–99

  Sculley’s reorganization of, 205–7

  showcase headquarters of, 534–35

  SJ as interim CEO of, 332–33, 364–65, 367

  SJ ousted from, xvii–xviii, 202–6, 215–16, 217

  SJ’s aesthetic and, 126–27

  SJ-Scott dispute in, 83–84

  SJ’s resignations from, 215–16, 217, 303–4, 557–59, 563–64

  SJ’s return to, 306–8, 317–21

  stock options controversy and, 365–66, 448–51, 477

  turnover of board of, 318–20

  uniforms idea and, 361–62

  Wozniak’s departure from, 192–93

  Xerox “raided” by, 96–97, 98

  Apple Corps, 419–20, 523–24

  Apple Foundation, 263

  Apple I computer, 56, 63, 66, 163

  early competition to, 69–70

  first sales order for, 66–68

  Wozniak and, 60–61, 67–68, 534

  Apple II computer, 91, 93, 94, 109, 114, 125, 137, 138, 154, 173, 189, 192, 200, 207, 565

  brochures of, 79–80

  capitalization of, 72, 75, 77

  circuit board of, 74–75

  Commodore company and, 72–73

  launch of, 80–81

  Markkula and, 80–81

  packaging of, 73–74

  PC sales and, 160

  peripherals and, 74–75

  power supply of, 84, 146

  sales of, 84, 92, 160

  SJ’s vision of, 71–72

  Snow White ad for, 132–33

  VisiCalc feature of, 84

  warranty of, 84

  Wozniak and, 80–81, 84–85, 92, 534, 562

  Apple III computer, 92–94, 154

  failure of, 92–93, 160

  AppleLabs, 196–98, 203, 204–6

  “Apple Marketing Philosophy, The” (Markkula), 78

  Apple products, see individual product names

  Apple Stores, 368–77, 368, 461, 470, 472, 566

  checkout design of, 372

  on Fifth Avenue, 376–77, 514

  first opening of, 374

  floors of, 375

  Gap and, 370

  genius bar in, 375–76

  minimalist nature of, 370

  product organization in, 372–74

  prototypes of, 371–74

  staircases of, 375

  success of, 374, 376

  Apple University, 461

  Arab Spring, 258

  Architectural Digest, 276

  ARM architecture, 492–93

  Arnold Worldwide, 328

  Aspen Institute, xvii, 126

  Associated Press, 293

  AT&T, 27, 136, 521

  Atari, 42–45, 52, 53, 57, 63, 72, 74, 81, 217

  SJ hired by, 83–84

  Atkinson, Bill, xiii, 93–94, 95, 96–97, 99, 101, 110, 111, 113, 117, 118, 122–23, 128–32, 134, 144, 179, 181, 207, 385, 470, 474, 555

  Lisa Computer and, 99–101

  overlapping windows concept of, 100, 323

  QuickDraw program of, 169–70, 180

  SJ’s worldview described by, 119–20

  Atom (microchip), 492

  Augmentation Research Center, 57

  Auletta, Ken, 256

  Autobiography of a Yogi (Yogananda), 35, 46–47, 527

  Avon, 321, 481

  Axelrod, David, 497, 547

  Bach, Johann Sebastian, 413

  Badu, Erykah, 479

  Baez, Joan, 57, 153, 168, 261, 269, 412, 415

  SJ’s romance with, 250–53

  Ballmer, Steve, 375, 474, 569

  Bank of America, 83

  Barnes, Susan, 204, 212, 216

  Barnicle, Mike, 312

  Barrett, Craig, 448

  Bartz, Carol, 545

  BASIC (computer language), 59, 61, 66, 84, 94, 173, 174–75

  Batman Forever (film), 290

  Bauhaus
movement, 126, 265, 372

  Baum, Allen, 26, 60, 67, 77

  Bay, Willow, 438

  Bayer, Herbert, 126, 127

  Beatles, 402, 412–13, 415, 418–19, 570

  in move to iTunes, 523–24

  Beauty and the Beast (film), 439

  Beck, Glenn, 508

  Be company, 297–301

  Be Here Now (Ram Dass), 34, 37, 52

  Belleville, Bob, 99, 145–47, 190, 200, 204

  Bellini, Mario, 126

  Bell Labs, 9

  Bell System Technical Manual, 27–28

  Berg, Paul, 211–12

  Berkeley Barb, 61

  Bertelsmann, 395

  Bertolucci, Bernardo, 126

  Betrayal (Pinter), 204

  Bewkes, Jeff, 506–7

  Bezos, Jeff, 503

  Big Mac (computer), 212, 214

  Billboard, 418, 423

  bitmapping concept, 95, 97, 111

  BlackBerry, 469

  Black Eyed Peas, 392, 413

  Black-Scholes valuation, 449

  Blade Runner (film), 163

  Blood on the Tracks (Dylan), 52, 208, 412

  Bloomberg News, 479, 497

  Blue Box design, 27–30, 73

  SJ-Wozniak partnership and, 29–30

  Blue Van, 498

  Bob Dylan (Dylan), 412

  Bohlin, Peter, 430

  Bohlin Cywinski Jackson, 375

  Bohr, Niels, 171

  Boich, Mike, 177

  Boing Boing, 563

  Bono, 58, 180, 402, 406, 411, 424, 459–60

  iPod deal and, 420–23

  “Book of Macintosh, The” (Raskin), 109

  Boston Globe, 312

  “Both Sides Now” (song), 414

  Bourke-White, Margaret, 330

  Bourne Ultimatum, The (film), 527

  Bowers, Ann, 121, 537

  Brand, Stewart, 58–59

  Brandenburg Concertos (Bach), 413

  Braun company, 132, 343

  Brautigan, Richard, 57

  Breaking Away (film), 126

  Breakout (game), 118

  Brennan, Chrisann, xiii, 5, 31–32, 41, 49, 86, 103, 104, 119, 257, 259, 265, 279, 280–81, 486

  pregnancy of, 88–90

  SJ’s relationship with, 86–91

  Brennan-Jobs, Lisa, xiii, 90, 140, 256, 257, 270, 542

  Mona Simpson and, 282

  SJ’s relationship with, 259–61, 265, 266, 278–81, 315, 486, 542, 551–52

  Brilliant, Larry, 47, 106, 453

  Brin, Sergey, 511–12

  Brother Bear (film), 437

  Brown, Bryar, 477, 549

  Brown, John Seeley, 471

  Brown, Tim, 32

  “Brown Eyed Girl” (song), 411

  Buffalo Springfield, 413

  Buffett, Warren, 442

  Bug’s Life, A (film), 427–30

  Bumiller, Elisabeth, 411–12

  Burge, Frank, 79

  Burroughs company, 20

  Burton, Bill, 497

  Bush, George H. W., 209

  Bush, George W., 411, 516

  Bushnell, Nolan, xiii, 42–44, 52–53, 54–55, 72, 75, 217

  BusinessWeek, 141, 160, 166, 225, 236, 311, 320, 374, 406

  Buyer, Lise, 463–64

  Byron, George Gordon, Lord, 224

  Byte Shop, 66–67, 68, 71, 368

  Calder, Alexander, 151, 183

  Calhoun, Greg, 5, 39, 51, 86–87, 88

  California Motor Vehicle Department, 24

  Callas, Maria, 330

  Callaway (publisher), 502

  Campanile, The, 279

  Campbell, Bill, xiii, 164, 202, 206, 212–15, 320–21, 481, 482, 515, 557, 558

  Cannavino, Jim, 232

  Canon, 294

  Cat computer of, 113

  Capps, Steve, 144–45, 161

  CAPS (Computer Animation Production System), 242, 284

  Captain Crunch, see Draper, John

  Carey Mariah, 399

  Carlton, Jim, 307

  Carroll, Lewis, 235

  Cars (film), 435, 441

  Carter, Matt, 182–83

  Cash, Berry, 138

  Cash, Johnny, 413, 487

  Casone, Il (quarry), 375

  “Catch the Wind” (song), 414

  Catmull, Ed, xiii, 238–39, 238, 240, 241, 243, 245–48, 284–85, 287, 288, 430, 440–41, 442

  Cave, Ray, 140–41

  CBS News, 400

  cell phones, 465–66

  “Centerfield” (song), 411

  Cera, Michael, 499

  Chambers, John, 545–46

  Chang, Gareth, 319

  Chaplin, Charlie, 330

  Chapman, Tracy, 280

  Chariots of Fire (film), 167, 169

  Charlie Rose (TV show), 290

  Chart (app), 176

  Chiat, Jay, 187–88, 262

  Chiat/Day advertising agency, 162, 164, 225–26, 327

  Chicago Tribune, 233, 423

  China, People’s Republic of, 200, 201, 546

  Chinatown (film), 527

  Chino, Kobun, xiii, 49, 50, 86, 87, 262, 274

  Christensen, Clayton, 408–9, 532

  Christie’s, 69

  Chrysler, 321, 482

  Cinderella II (film), 435

  Cingular, 466

  Cisco, 545

  CIT, 6

  City of Hope (charity), 479

  Clinton, Bill, 39, 278, 323, 330, 553

  Clinton, Hillary, 278

  Clow, Lee, xiii, 162, 164, 187, 327, 364, 374, 391, 392, 417–18, 452, 458, 462–63, 498, 500, 521, 524, 547

  iMac and, 351, 352–53

  “Think Different” campaign and, 328–32

  CNBC, 474

  CNN, xvii

  Coast Guard, U.S., 1–2, 6, 106

  Coates, George, 233

  Cocks, Jay, 139

  Cohen, Larry, 463

  Coldplay, 410, 413

  Cole, David, 404

  Coleman, Deborah “Debi,” xiii, 119, 122, 124, 145, 183–84, 187, 189, 202, 204–5, 252

  College Track, 543

  Colorado, University of, 24

  Comcast, 439, 489

  Commodore, 72–73, 135

  PET computer of, 73

  Compaq Computers, 232, 360, 369, 374, 381, 446

  CompuServe, 502

  Computer Animation Production System (CAPS), 242, 284

  computers, computing, 57–59

  closed-open debate and, 513, 554, 561–62

  desktop concept and, 95, 98–99

  digital hub and evolution of, 379–81

  first portable, 123

  Consumer Reports, 520

  Cook, Tim, xiii, 345–46, 358–59, 362, 408, 455, 460, 461, 473, 480–81, 485, 487, 489, 521, 526, 549, 557–58

  “Doctrine” of, 488

  role of, 360–61, 458–59

  Copeland, Michael, 496

  Copland operating system, 297

  Corliss, Richard, 290, 429

  Corning Glass, 471–72

  Corzine, Jon, 270

  Coster, Danny, 349

  Cotton, Katie, 521

  Couch, John, 95, 99, 101, 112, 116, 136, 141, 150

  Cramer Electronics, 67

  Crandall, Richard, 273

  “Crazy” (song), 329

  Cream Soda Computer, 25

  Crimson, The, 280

  Crittenden Middle School, 13

  Crow, Cheryl, 402, 413

  Crow, George, 117, 212

  Cue, Eddy, xiii, 398, 403, 452, 460, 487, 524, 531, 533

  Cuisinart food processor, 73, 129

  Cult of the Mac (Kahney), 138

  Cunningham, Andrea “Andy,” xiii, 93, 114, 188, 215, 218

  Cutting Through Spiritual Materialism (Trungpa), 35

  Daily, The, 507

  Daily Show, The (TV show) 518

  Dalai Lama, 332

  “Dark Eyes” (song), 208

  Darwin (operating system), 366

  Dating Game (TV
show), 159

  Dead Poets Society (film), 329–30

  Dean, James, 1, 6

  De Anza Community College, 24, 32, 354

  Defender (video game), 142

  Defiant Ones (film), 286

  Dell, Inc., 232, 369, 371, 374, 381, 446, 515

  Dell, Michael, 334, 360, 479

  Desire (Dylan), 418

  desktop publishing industry, 131, 187, 515

  Desperate Housewives (TV show), 438

  Devo, 498

  Dido, 413

  Diet for a Small Planet (Lappé), 36

  Digital Equipment PDP-8, 24

  digital hub concept, 383, 463, 489, 530, 532–33, 562

  computer evolution and, 379–81

  iPod and, 384–85

  Dilbert (cartoon), 523

  Disney, Roy, 242, 432, 434–36, 439, 441

  Disney, Walt, 242–43, 248, 284, 434, 442, 443, 569

  Disney Channel, 291

  Disney Co., 248, 284, 321

  ant movies rivalry and, 427–30

  Pixar’s cobranding proposal and, 291–92

  Pixar’s merger with, 432–43

  Pixar’s Toy Story deal with, 284–88, 290–91

  Toy Story premieres and, 289–90

  Disneyland, 243, 439

  Disney on Ice, 437

  Disney Studios, 242–43

  Disney World, 433

  Doctorow, Cory, 563

  Doerr, John, 275, 501–2, 544, 546

  Dr. Dre, 402, 406

  Donovan, 413, 414

  Doonesbury (comic strip), 309

  Doors, 413

  Draper, John (Captain Crunch), 27, 29

  Dream Act, 546

  DreamWorks SKG, 427–29

  Drexler, Millard “Mickey,” 321, 370, 371–72, 558

  Dreyfuss, Richard, 330–31

  Dudman, Jack, 40

  DuPont, 310, 318

  Dylan, Bob, 25–26, 52, 153, 168, 189, 207–8, 212, 251, 330, 400, 402, 403, 412, 413, 421, 494, 561, 570

  complete boxed set of, 416–18

  SJ’s visit with, 415–16

  Dynabook project, 95, 475

  Eames, Charles and Ray, 127

  Earhart, Amelia, 330

  Eason, James, 483–85, 487, 493–94, 550

  eBay, 321

  ebooks, 503

  Economist, 493

  Eddie Bauer (store), 369

  Edge, The, 411, 411, 420, 421, 423

  Edison, Thomas A., 330, 566

  education reform movement, 543–44

  Egan, Jennifer, 261–63, 438

  Egypt, 258

  Ehret, Arnold, 36, 548

  Eichler, Joseph, 7, 125

  Einstein, Albert, xvii, xviii, xix, 91, 119, 171, 330, 332

  Eisenhower, Dwight D., 8

  Eisenstat, Al, 122, 198, 201, 202–3, 209–10, 216, 221

  Eisner, Michael, xiv, 242, 289–92, 428, 432–38, 441

  Disney-Pixar merger opposed by, 442

  ouster of, 426–27

  Senate testimony of, 432–33

  SJ’s feud with, 432–35

  Electric Kool-Aid Acid Test, The (Wolfe), 58

  Electronic Data Systems, 227

  Electronic Frontier Foundation, 280

  Electronic News, 10

  Elias, John, 469

  Eliot, T. S., 98