Comrade Haldane Is Too Busy to Go on Holiday
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Gregory, F. G., 169–170
GRU (Soviet Military Intelligence), 26, 55, 102, 105, ix
the Gulag, 38, 127, 152, 165, 173, 219, 233–234, 236–237
Gulag Archipelago, 236
Haldane, Charlotte (first wife), 6, 85, 204; autobiography of, 60, 118; China and, 60; Communist Party and, 57; death of, 45; first visit to the Soviet Union, 33–37, 345n84; Kahle and, 111; London and, 43; MI5 and, 57, 120; Nazi-Soviet pact and, 93; political views of, 28–29; relationship with Haldane, 26–28, 60–61, 290–292; second visit to the Soviet Union, 121–124, 130; Spanish Civil War and, 46–48, 56–57, 59. See also Spurway, Helen (second wife)
Haldane, Elizabeth Sanderson (aunt), 9
Haldane, John Burdon Sanderson, 230; animal behavior and, 219, 221, 227; ARP and, 89–91, 97; autobiography of, 6, 8, 246–298; on Barbarians at the Gate, 95; Berkeley and, 43; the Black Watch and, 18–19, 249–253, 257–258; Bonner on, 224–225; Cambridge and, 26–27, 29, 41, 43, 143; cancer diagnosis, 230–232; Carlson on, 239; chemical weapons and, 18, 47; childhood of, 10, 16; communism and, 5–6, 8, 29, 60, 74, 206, 227, 238–239, 244–245; Copeman on, 51–52; Cowles on, 53–54; CPGB and, 1, 6, 47, 99, 148–149, 152–153, 180, 190–195, 217; CSIR and, 229–230; the Daily Worker and, 148, 190, 195; Darlington on, 44; death of, 198, 232; Dronamraju on, 239; on economic systems, 39–40, 94; emigration to India, 225–227, 228; on Engels, 66–68; Eton and, 11–12, 246–249, 339n2; eugenics and, 203–206, 209, 211–215; experiments and, 16–17, 30, 273–281; family of, 9; father’s death and, 46; financial troubles and, 190, 195, 347n14; on Finland, 96; genetics and, 17, 42–43; Greenhalgh on, 56; Harland on, 31; Huxley on, 239; impotency and, 28, 220; India and, 263–271; Indian Statistical Institute and, 229; John Innes Institute and, 293–294; Kahle and, 111–112, 114; Kevles on, 240; London and, 43; Luck on, 30; Lysenko and, 4, 159–160, 163, 166–169, 171–172, 176–180, 182–184, 186, 188–189, 195–198; Majumder on, 240; Marler on, 223; Marxism and, 6, 61–62, 70, 72–73, 146; on May, 117; Mayr on, 239; Medawar on, 222–223, 240; on medicine, 283–284; MI5 and, 2–3, 6–8, 33, 40, 45, 50, 57, 60, 69, 108, 184, 193–194, 195, 347n14; military service and, 17–20, 251–272; The Modern Quarterly and, 48; Montagu on, 5; mother’s passing and, 230; move to Hungary, 151; Muller on, 51; on the Nazi-Soviet Pact, 299–305; Neel on, 241; New College and, 249–251; obituary of, 30, 44, 230, 240, 306–311; Oxford and, 12–15, 20, 229; the People’s Convention and, 98; Philby and, 116; Pirie on, 239; political agitation, 13–14; political propaganda and, 49–51, 70–76, 84–85, 94–99, 130, 222; politics and, 5, 12–13, 29, 44–46; on Pontecorvo, 117; population growth and, 288–289; relationship with Charlotte, 26–28, 60–61, 290–292; relationship with Spurway, 61, 99, 193, 218; on research, 296–298; resignation from the Admiralty, 115, 117; Roberts on, 241; the Royal Society and, 41; trip to Russia, 33–38; scientific credentials of, 5–6; scientific papers and, 42, 216; scientific propaganda and, 133–142, 134, 164, 199; Smith and, 217–218; Soviet Academy of Science and, 2–4; on the Soviet Union, 39–40; Spanish Civil War and, 46–53, 56, 58, 60; Stalin and, 156–157, 238; Stern and, 130–132; submarine research and, 108, 112–113; Trinity College and, 23, 285–286; twenty-first birthday of, 15; UCL and, 43, 225, 294–295; United States and, 229; on universities, 286–287; Vavilov and, 123–125, 128; Vavilov on, 87; VENONA and, 101; on war, 45, 271–272; Wiener on, 41, 238; Woolf and, 143–148; X Group and, 105–108, 110, 118–119, 195, 238, 348n7. See also Haldane Papers; specific works
Haldane, John Scott (father), 9, 15–16, 46, 112, 246, 248–249
Haldane, Louisa Kathleen (mother), 9–10, 47, 219, 339n2
Haldane, Naomi (sister), 9, 17, 23, 38, 127, 219, 339n2
Haldane, Richard Burdon (uncle), 9
Haldane, Robert (grandfather), 9
Haldane, Sir William (uncle), 9
Haldane Papers, 8, 76
Hamnett, Nina, 43
Hardy, G. H., 12, 72
Harland, Sydney Cross, 31, 124, 128, 164–165, 177–179, 354n28
Haynes, John, 104
Head of Professor Dowell, The (Beliaev), 141
Heartfield, John, 111
Heijenoort, Jean van, 67
Hemingway, Ernest, 53–55, 112, 114
Herbert, Godfrey, 113
Hereditary Genius (Galton), 213–14
Heredity and Its Variability (Lysenko), 171–73
Heredity and Politics (Haldane), 209, 211
Herrnstein’s syllogism, 213
Herron, Alec Rowan, 13–14
Hill, A. V., 42
Hinduism, 226–227
Hinshelwood, Cyril, 196–197
Hiss, Alger, 103
History of the Communist Party (Stalin), 70
Hitchcock, Alfred, 25
Hitler, Adolph, 44, 91–92, 244
HMS Thetis, 112
Hogben, Lancelot, 143–414
Hollis, Christopher, 14
homosexuality, 11
Hopkins, Frederick Gowland, 29, 42
Horsley, Victor, 128
Hungary, 233–234, 237
Hutt, Allen, 29, 193
Huxley, Aldous, 14–15, 22–23, 27. See also specific works
Huxley, Julian, 11, 21, 43, 187, 220, 239, 339n2
Huxley, Noel Trevelyan, 339n2
Hyde, Douglas, 91, 93, 96–97
Ibárruri, Dolores, 60
“In Defence of Genetics” (Haldane), 183
India, 225–226, 263–271
Indian Statistical Institute, 226
Inequality of Man, The (Haldane), 205, 218
Inge, Dean, 45
Institute for Biochemistry in Moscow, 35, 86
Institute for Experimental Biology, 77
Institute of Applied Botany, 35
Institute of Experimental Physiology, 140
Institutes of Plant Breeding and Genetics, 34
INTELLIGENSTIA. See Montagu, Ivor
International Aid to Democratic Greece, 153
International Medical Congress, 151
interrogations, 125–126
Island Hell, An (Malsagoff), 236
Ives, George, 112
JBS. See Haldane, John Burdon Sanderson
Jefferis, Millis Rowland, 113
Jermyn, Elizabeth, 113
Jerzfeld, Helmut Franz Josef, 111
Jewish Anti-Fascist Committee, 131–132
John, Augustus, 43
John Innes Horticultural Institute, 17, 34–35, 43, 293–294
Johnson, Hewlett, 151
Joliot-Curie, Irène, 151
Jones, Mary, 153
Joravsky, David, 129
Joseph, Harriet Augusta (great-grandmother), 10
Joseph, Samuel (great-greatgrandfather), 10
Journal of Genetics, 218, 226
Journal of Heredity, 125
Journal of Hygiene, 144, 148
Kahle, Gertrude Ernestina, 54
Kahle, Hans, 7, 54–55, 93, 111–115, 348n18, 348n26
Kammerer, Paul, 356n90
Karpechenko, Georgii Dmitrievich, 35, 127–128
Katz, Otto, 25, 45, 110–111, 153–156
Keatinge, Harriet Augusta (grandmother), 10
Keatinge, Richard (great grandfather), 10
Kevles, Daniel, 240
Keynes, John Maynard, 22, 35
KGB. See Soviet Security Police
Khrushchev, Nikita, 88, 199, 231, 238
Khvat, Aleksandr, 125–126, 129
King Solomon’s Ring (Lorenz), 221
Kinsey Report, 215
Klehr, Harvey, 104
Klugmann, James, 180
Koestler, Arthur, 237
Koltsov, Nikolai Konstantinovich, 77–80, 85–86. See also eugenics
Korean War, 30
Kosygin, Alexei, 229, 231
Krementsov, Nikolai, 141
Kremer, Simon Davidovich (Semion Dawidowicz), 105–109, 348n8
Krivitsky, Walter, 53, 344n52, 348n8
Kuczynski, Jürgen, 111
Kuczynski, U
rsula, 114, 349n29
Labour Monthly, 5, 114, 123
Lamarck, Jean-Baptiste, 64, 88, 166, 334
Lamarckism, 79, 211
Lamarxism, 159, 219. See also Lysenko, Trofim Denisovich
Lange, Johannes, 204–205
Laptev, Ivan, 171, 173
Laski, Harold, 13–14, 203
Lawrence, D. H., 22
Lederberg, Joshua, 227–229
Left Book Club, 89, 95, 207
Lenin, Vladimir, 35, 37, 69, 149–150, 226, 234, 236
Leninism, 72
Lenin Memorial Meeting, 149
Lerner, A. P., 65
Levit, Solomon Grigorievich, 35, 50, 79–80, 86, 164–165
Levy, Hyman, 45
Lewontin, Richard, 228
Life, 114
limpet mines, 113
linkage, 17
Little-Bittner anomaly, 168
Llanstephan Castle (ship), 121
Lorenz, Konrad, 219–221
Lowry, Malcolm, 27, 43
Luck, James Murray, 30
Lysenko, Trofim Denisovich: Bernal and, 185–186; concept of variety and, 83; CPGB and, 181–185, 188–189, 331–337; criticism of, 131, 165, 170–171, 175–179, 197, 200–201; death of, 200; Haldane’s support for, 1, 4, 159–160, 163, 166–169, 171–172, 178–180, 182–184, 186, 188–189, 195–198; Stalin’s support of, 76, 80; VASKh-NIL and, 86; Vavilov and, 84–85, 87; vernalization and, 81–82, 161–163, 165, 168, 170, 185, 201.See also agriculture; genetics; Lysenkoism
Lysenkoism, 129, 170, 188. See also Lysenko, Trofim Denisovich
Lysenko Is Right (Fyfe), 189
Maclean, Donald, 104
Macleod, Alison, 193, 195
Macmillan, Harold, 11
Mahalanobis, Prasanta Chandra, 226, 229
Majumder, P. P., 240
Manhattan Project, 103, 114, 117
Mannerheim, Carl, 96
Man Who Knew Too Much, The (film), 25
Margolin, D. S., 86
Marler, Peter, 223
Martin, Kingsley, 14
Marty, André, 55
Marx, Karl, 65–67
Marxism: genetics and, 87–88; Haldane and, 6, 61–62, 69–70, 72–73, 146; Kolstov and, 79; Lysenko and, 175; van Heijenoort and, 67; Vavilov and, 88
Marxism and Science (Haldane), 87
Marxist Philosophy and the Sciences, The (Haldane), 61–63
mathematics, 65–67, 72
Mather, Kenneth, 171
Mathews, Herbert, 53
May, Alan Nunn, 92, 108, 115, 117
Mayr, Ernst, 220, 239
Mechnikov Institute of Infectious Diseases in Moscow, 36
Medawar, Peter, 156, 218, 220, 222–223, 228, 240
Medical Biological Institute, 80
medicine, 283–84
Meister, G. K., 86
Mendel, Gregor, 5, 17, 178–79
Mendelism, 42–43, 181, 182, 196, 198, 333
Merseyside Aid to Spain Committee, 60
Mesopotamia, 19, 128
MGB. See Soviet Security Police
MI5 (UK domestic military intelligence), ix; Bernal and, 187; Charlotte and, 57; Communist Party of Great Britain and, 1, 8, 189; Haldane and, 2–3, 6–8, 33, 40, 45, 50, 56–57, 60, 69, 108, 184, 192–194, 194, 195, 347n14; Kahle and, 54–55, 111, 114; Montagu and, 7, 24–26; Philby and, 104; Pontecorvo and, 117; Spycatcher and, 101; VENONA and, 8, 101–110; X Group and, 118, 120
MI6, 7
Michurin, Ivan, 82, 196–198
Mikhoels, Solomon, 131
Mitchison, Naomi. See Haldane, Naomi (sister)
MMTV virus, 169
Modern Quarterly, The, 30, 48, 88, 183, 185, 189
“Modern Synthesis” (Huxley), 43
Montagu, Ivor: career of, 25; on Haldane, 5; Haldane and, 23–24; MI5 and, 7, 24–26; propaganda and, 60, 130, 133, 141, 153–156, 237; X Group and, 26, 101–102, 105–108, 110, 120
Montagu, Owen, 101
Morrell, Lady Ottoline, 21–22
Morris, Desmond, 220
Morton, A. L., 29, 189
Moscow Society of Physiology, 131
Moscow University, 77
Moscow University Clinic, 35
Moscow Zoo Biological Institute, 79
Muller, Hermann Joseph: Agol and, 80; on Haldane, 51; Haldane and, 85, 173; Levit and, 80, 165; Soviet Academy and, 176; eugenics and, 205, 207–209, 211; Spanish Civil War and, 50, 56
Münzenberg, Willi, 24, 45, 154–155
Muralov, A. I., 86
Mussolini, Benito, 244
My Friend Mr. Leakey (Haldane), 29, 195
Nature, 84, 124, 140, 171
Nazis, 44–45
Nazi-Soviet Pact, 92–94, 96, 122, 130, 233, 299–305
Needham, Joseph, 30
Neel, James V., 241
Negrín, Juan, 52–53, 58, 113
New Century, 26
New College, 12–15, 18, 249–251, 273–281. See also Oxford
Newman, Horatio, 205
New Masses, 57
New Statesman, 25, 94–95, 230
newts, 196
New York Times, 38, 84
Nin, Andreu, 58
Nineteenth Century, 173
NKVD. See Soviet Security Police
NOBILITY, 105, 108–109, 120, 156
Odessa Institute of Selection and Genetics, 82
OGPU. See Soviet Security Police
one-time pad, 102–103. See also embassy communications; VENONA
Oparin, Aleksandr, 35
Orbeli, Leon, 132
Orlov, Alexander, 55, 58
Orwell, George, 233
Out of the Night (Muller), 207, 209, 211
Oxford, 203, 229. See also New College
Palchinsky, Peter, 38, 90
Pavlov, Ivan, 131
Pearson, Egon, 143
Pearson, Karl, 143, 145
Penrose, Lionel Sharples, 183, 187–188, 355n54, 356n68
People’s Convention of January 1941, 97–98
Philby, Kim, 104, 116
Picasso, Pablo, 151
Pirie, N. W., 30, 239
Poland, 92, 94
Pollitt, Harry: Charlotte and, 60, 119; Haldane and, 1–4, 45, 47, 50, 57, 69, 184–185, 189–192; Nazi-Soviet Pact and, 93; Spanish Civil War and, 58. See also Daily Worker
Pollitt, Marjorie, 69
Pontecorvo, Bruno, 115, 117–118
Pontecorvo, Gillo, 117
Pontecorvo, Guido, 117
population genetics, 42–43, 206, 213, 216
Possible Worlds (Haldane), 204–205, 218
POUM (the Workers’ Party of Marxist Unification), 53, 58, 233
Pravda, 171, 176
Prezent, Isak, 79, 82–84, 86
Prince of Wales (Edward VIII), 19
prison camps. See the Gulag
propaganda: capitalist, 235, 244; CPGB and, 93, 111; Haldane and, 49–51, 70–77, 84–85, 94–99, 130, 133–142, 164, 191, 199, 222; Montagu and, 60, 130, 133, 141, 153–156, 237; Soviet Union and, 24, 30, 33, 76, 133–142, 152; YMCA and, 41
Pryanishnikov, Dmitry, 128–129
Punnett, R. C., 42
race, 210, 214
Redgrave, Michael, 98
reduplication, 17
Reichstag Fire trial, 44–45
Reid, Arnold, 57
Relief Committee for the Victims of German Fascism, 44–45
Renton, Donald, 112
RESERVIST, 105. See also VENONA
RESIDENT, 107. See also VENONA
“Retreat from Science in Soviet Russia, The” (Darlington), 173
Roberts, Edwin, 241
Robeson, Ellie, 59
Robeson, Paul, 59
Romania, 92
Rosenberg, Ethel, 103
Rosenberg, Julius, 103
Rothman, Kajsa, 50
Royal Society, 41, 123, 127–128
Russell, Bertrand, 22, 43, 128, 237
Russell, Dora, 27, 43
Russia: eugenics and, 77–79; Haldane
’s visit to, 33–35, 38; Hungary and, 233–234, 237; interrogations and, 125–126; punishment of scientists in, 36–37, 76, 79, 83–86, 123, 125, 127, 129, 131, 171, 175–176, 234; religious freedom and, 76, 123; science in, 34; Second World War and, 91–94, 96; show trials and, 25, 37–38, 77–78, 110, 132, 233–235, 352n31; timber exports, 236; torture and, 55. See also Communist Party; the Gulag; Soviet Union
Russian Eugenics Society, 78. See also eugenics
Russia Puts the Clock Back (Davies), 186
Rust, Bill, 57, 59, 61, 114, 123, 180
Sabotage (film), 25
Saratov, 127
SAUSAGE-DEALERS, 106, 110. See also VENONA
Sax, Karl, 170–171
Science (journal), 171
Science and Society (journal), 48, 167
Science of Science, The, 215
Science Service of Washington, D.C., 210
Second World War, 89–94, 96–99
Secret Agent (film), 25
Shakhty Trial, 37–38
Shaw, George Bernard, 141
Sherrington, Charles, 42
show trials, 25, 37–38, 77, 79, 110, 132, 233–235, 352n31. See also the Gulag; Russia; Soviet Security Police; Soviet Union
Simone, Andre. See Katz, Otto
skew distributions, 144
Slansky, Rudolf, 153–154, 352n31
SMERSH, 7. See also VENONA
Smith, John Maynard, 64, 188, 217–218, 235, 237
Smith, William Robertson, 10
socialism, 69, 73
Society for Cultural Relations with the USSR, 153
Society for the Study of Racial Pathology, 78. See also eugenics
Society of Materialist Biologists (OBM), 79
Society of Materialist Physicians, 79
Solovetsky Islands, 236. See also the Gulag
Solovki (film), 237
Solzhenitsyn, Alexander, 152
Soviet Academy of Science: Haldane and, 2–3, 232
Soviet Genetics (Morton), 189
Soviet Science Snipits (film), 133
Soviet Security Police: arrests of scientists by, 79, 84, 86; Charlotte’s first visit to the Soviet Union and, 35; Charlotte’s second visit to the Soviet Union and, 122–123; espionage and, 102; Kahle and, 55, 111; Katz and, 45; Muller and, 50; names for, ix; Negrín and, 58; passports and, 57; Stern and, 131; Vavilov and, 88, 125, 127. See also the Gulag; Russia; Soviet Union
Soviet Studies (journal), 132
Soviet Union: agriculture and, 80–82, 160–163, 170, 188, 198–199; Civil War of, 233–234; coded communications and, 102–103; disillusionment of Charlotte with, 122–123; disillusionment with, 233–235, 237–238; espionage and, 101–102, 105, 114; eugenics and, 207; executions and, 55, 58, 85–86, 126–127, 129, 131–132, 165, 209, 234; genetics and, 50, 159, 166, 171, 197–198; Germany and, 92–93, 108; Haldane on, 39–40, 69–73; propaganda and, 24, 30, 33, 76, 133–142, 152. See also Communist Party; the Gulag; Russia; Soviet Security Police