by John Granger
4 On detective fiction as moral literature, see W. H. Auden, “The Guilty Vicarage,” in The Dyer’s Hand (Vintage, 1948), pp. 146-158.
5 Wright, Willard Huntington. “Twenty Rules for Writing Detective Fiction,” first published in the American Magazine, September 1928, and subsequently incorporated in the omnibus Philo Vance Murder Cases (1936). See http://www.sfu.ca/english/Gillies/Engl38301/rules.htm; cited by David Stroud at http://hogwartsprofessor.com/?p=457#comment-37190.
6 Ibid.
7 Sayers, Dorothy. “Gaudy Night,” originally published in Titles to Fame (1937, ed. Denys Roberts), reprinted in The Art of the Mystery Story (New York: Carroll & Graf, 1992), pp. 208-209. See http://www.sfu.ca/english/Gillies/Engl38301/sayquotes.htm; cited by David Stroud at http://hogwartsprofessor.com/?p=457#comment-37210.
8 Wright, “Twenty Rules for Writing Detective Fiction.”
9 Sayers, “Gaudy Night.”
10 Sayers, Dorothy. Busman’s Honeymoon, cited in Barbara Reynolds’s Dorothy Sayers: Her Life and Soul (St. Martin’s, 1993), p. 270; thanks to Robert Trexler, editor of CSL, for this find.
11 Sayers, Dorothy. Private letter, cited in Barbara Reynolds’s Dorothy Sayers: Her Life and Soul, p. 188.
12 Renton, “The Story Behind the Potter Legend.”
13 Coleridge, Samuel Taylor. Biographia Literaria (New York: Harper & Brothers, 1868), Chapter 13.
Chapter Two: Pride and Prejudice with Wands
1 Rowling, J. K. “From Mr Darcy to Harry Potter by Way of Lol ita.” Sunday Herald, May 21, 2000; the transcript of JKR’s statements for a BBC Radio4 show about famous people and their favorite books. See http://www.accio-quote.org/articles/2000/0500-heraldsun-rowling.html.
2 Boquet, Tim. “J. K. Rowling: The Wizard Behind Harry Potter,” Reader’s Digest, December 2000. See http://www.accio-quote.org/articles/2000/1200-readersdigest-boquet.htm.
3 Cf. Delasanta, Rodney, “Hume, Austen, and First Impressions,” First Things, June/July 2003, pp. 24-29, http://www.firstthings.com/article.php3?id_article=502.
Chapter Three: Setting: The Familiar Stage and Scenery Props of the Drama
1 Wikipedia: The Free Encyclopedia, “Enid Blyton.” See http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Enid_blyton#Statistics.
2 Byatt, A. S. “Harry Potter and the Childish Adult.” The New York Times, July 11, 2003. See http://www.accio-quote.org/articles/2003/0711-nyt-byatt.html.
3 My discussion of the formula and specific elements of the schoolboy novel and Harry Potter as an example of same is largely taken from my understanding of Karen Manners Smith’s “Harry Potter’s Schooldays: J. K. Rowling and the British Boarding School Novel,” in Reading Harry Potter: Critical Essays, ed. Giselle Lisa Anatols (Greenwood Publishing/Praeger, 2003), pp. 69-88, and David K. Steege’s “Harry Potter, Tom Brown, and the British School Story: Lost in Transit?” in The Ivory Tower and Harry Potter, ed. Lana A. Whited (University of Missouri Press, 2004), pp. 140-156.
4 Hattenstone, Simon. “Harry, Jessica and me,” The Guardian, July 8, 2000. See http://www.accio-quote.org/articles/2000/0700-guardian-hattenstone.htm.
5 Renton, “Wild About Harry.”
6 Mack, Edward C. (1941), quoted in John Reed, Old School Ties: The Public School in British Literature (New York: Syracuse University Press, 1964), p. 18; cited in Steege, “Harry Potter,” p. 156.
7 Steege, “Harry Potter,” pp. 143-145.
8 Smith, K., “Harry Potter’s Schooldays,” p. 74.
9 Ibid., p. 77.
10 Ibid., p. 78.
11 Ibid., p. 82.
12 Steege, “Harry Potter,” p. 151.
13 Hughes, Thomas. Tom Brown’s Schooldays (New York: Oxford University Press, World Classics, 1989), pp. 374-376.
14 Steege, “Harry Potter,” p. 150.
15 Smith, K., “Harry Potter’s Schooldays,” pp. 69-88.
16 Ibid., p. 76.
17 Ibid., p. 77.
18 Hughes, from the preface to Tom Brown’s Schooldays.
19 Simpson, Anne. “Face to Face with J. K. Rowling: Casting a Spell over Young Minds,” The Herald, December 7, 1998. See http://www.accio-quote.org/articles/1998/1298-herald-simpson.html.
20 Grossman, Lev. “J. K. Rowling Hogwarts and All,” Time, July 17, 2005. See http://www.accio-quote.org/articles/2005/0705-time-grossman.htm.
21 J. K. Rowling Official Site, FAQ section, “What Exactly Happened When Voldemort Used the Avada Kedavra Curse on Harry in the Forest?” See http://www.jkrowling.com/textonly/en/faq_view.cfm?id=122.
22 Edinburgh “cub reporter” press conference, ITV, July 16, 2005. See http://w w w.accio-quote.org/articles/2005/0705-edinburgh-ITVcubreporters.htm .
23 J. K. Rowling on “The Diane Rehm Show,” WAMU Radio, Washington, D.C., October 20, 1999 (rebroadcast December 24, 1999). See http://www.accio-quote.org/articles/1999/1299-wamu-rehm.htm.
24 Lewis, C. S. A Preface to Paradise Lost (London: Oxford University Press, 1962), p. 55.
25 This was excerpted from an ITV press conference on July 6, 2005. The entire press conference can be seen at www.accio-quote.org/articles/2005/0705-edinburgh-ITVcubreporters.htm.
26 Bloom, Harold. “Can 35 Million Book Buyers Be Wrong? Yes,” The Wall Street Journal, July 11, 2000. See http://www.accio-quote.org/articles/2000/0711-wsj-bloom.html.
Chapter Four: Gothic Romance: The Spooky Atmosphere Formula from Transylvania
1 My thanks to Dr. Amy H. Sturgis, Belmont University, for the distinction between real and late gothic preferred in the academy.
2 Tracy, Ann B. Patterns of Fear in the Gothic Novel, 1790-1830 (New York: Ayer Company, 1980), pp. 8-16, 328.
3 Tracy, Ann B. “Gothic Romance,” in The Handbook to Gothic Literature , ed. Marie Mulvey-Roberts (New York: New York University Press, 1998), p. 104.
4 Tracy, Patterns of Fear in the Gothic Novel, p. 316.
5 Ibid., pp. 315, 327.
6 Ibid., p. 315.
7 Ibid., p. 328.
8 Ibid., p. 326.
9 Sage, Victor. “Gothic Novel,” in The Handbook to Gothic Literature, ed. by Marie Mulvey-Roberts (New York: New York University Press, 1998), p. 82.
10 “Living with Harry Potter.” Interviewer: Stephen Fry from BBC Radio4 Broadcast, December 10, 2005. See http://www.accio-quote.org/articles/2005/1205-bbc-fry.html.
11 Correspondence with Dr. Amy H. Sturgis. “Ann Radcliffe, in her discussion of ‘The Supernatural in Poetry’: ‘Terror and horror are so far opposite, that the first expands the soul, and awakens the faculties to a high degree of life; the other contracts, freezes, and nearly annihilates them. I apprehend, that neither Shakespeare nor Milton by their fictions, nor Mr. Burke by his reasoning, anywhere looked to positive horror as a source of the sublime, though they all agree that terror is a very high one . . . ’ ”
12 MacDonald, George. Preface to The Letters from Hell by Valdemar Adolph Thisted (New York: Funk and Wagnall’s, 1887), pp. vi-vii, viii-ix. (Thanks to Robert Trexler.)
13 Sturgis, Dr. Amy H., ed. The Magic Ring by Baron de la Motte Fouque (Chicago: Valancourt Books, 2006), pp. 343-344.
Chapter Five: Harry Potter as Postmodern Epic
1 Goldschmidt, Rick. “Rudolph: Behind the Scenes.” See http://www.tvparty.com/xmasrudolph.html.
2 See http://www.filespie.com/rudolph-the-red-nosed-reindeer/.
3 Grossman, “J. K. Rowling Hogwarts and All.”
4 “Living with Harry Potter.” sections of the following postmodern discussion are taken from The Deathly Hallows Lectures (Zossima Press, 2009) and used with permission.
5 Gibbs, Nancy. “Person of the Year 2007 . . . Runners-Up.” Time 2008. See http://www.time.com/time/specials/2007/personoftheyear/article/0,28804,1690753_1695388_1695436,00.html.
6 Vieira, Meredith. “Harry Potter: The Final Chapter.” Date-line (NBC), July 29, 2007. See http://www.accio-quote.org/articles/2007/0729-dateline-vieira.html.
7 Grossman, “J. K. Rowling Hogwarts and All.”
Chapter Six
: The Satirical Harry Potter
1 Bloom, Allan, trans. The Republic of Plato (New York: Basic Books, 1965), p. 189.
2 Bloom, Allan, trans. Plato’s Republic (New York: Basic Books, 1968), VII, 514a-520a, pp. 193-197; VI, 508e, p. 189.
3 Eliade, Mircea. The Sacred and the Profane (New York: Harvest Books: 1968), p. 205.
4 Johnston, Ian. “Lecture on Swift’s Gulliver’s Travels,” (Nanaimo, B.C.: Malaspina University College, 1994). See http://records.viu.ca/~johnstoi/introser/swift.htm.
5 Ibid.
6 Lepore, Jill. “The Lion and the Mouse: The Battle That Reshaped Children’s Literature,” The New Yorker, “Lives and Letters,” July 21, 2008. See http://www.newyorker.com/reporting/2008/07/21/080721fa_fact_lepore/?currentPage=all.
7 “Living with Harry Potter.”
8 Gibbs, “Person of the Year.”
9 Vieira, “Harry Potter.”
10 “Harry Potter and Me.” (BBC Christmas Special, British version), BBC, December 28, 2001. See http://www.accio-quote.org/articles/2001/1201-bbc-hpandme.htm.
11 Solomon, Evan, moderator. “J. K. Rowling Interview,” CBCNews-World: Hot Type, July 13, 2000. See http://www.accio-quote.org/articles/2000/0700-hottype-solomon.htm.
12 UPI. “Rowling Donates $1.8 Million to Labor Party,” September, 20, 2008. See http://www.upi.com/Entertainment_News/20 08/09/20/Rowling_donates_18M _to_Labor_Part y/ UPI-53161221945425/.
13 Olbermann, Keith. “Countdown with Keith Olbermann,” October 22, 2007, updated October 24, 2007. See online transcript: http://www.msnbc.msn.com/id/21456011/.
14 Cruz, Juan. “Ser invisible...eso sería lo más,” Edimburgo, August 2, 2008. See http://www.elpais.com/articulo/cultura/Ser/invisible/seria/elpepicul/20080208elpepicul_1/Tes; and see also http://www.the-leaky-cauldron.org/2008/2/9/jk r-discusses-dursley-family -religion-us-presidential-election-and-more-in-new-interview.
15 Solomon, “J. K. Rowling Interview.”
16 Telegraph, U.K. “Harry Potter Lives in Thatcher’s Britain,” October 19, 2007. See http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/worldnews/1567536/%27Harry-Potter-lives-in-Thatcher%27s-Britain%27.html.
17 CNN. “Harry Potter Author: I Considered Suicide,” March 23, 2008. See http://edition.cnn.com/2008/SHOWBIZ/03/23/rowling.depressed/index.html. Jerry Bowyer notes (private correspondence, December 15, 2008): “Rowling is a deeply hurt lady. There’s a great deal of therapeutic material in her books: light to dispel devil’s snare, humor to resist boggarts, happy images to dispel dementors, chocolate to recover. Clearly, she’s had counseling. She’s been hurt, and she associates that hurt with the political right, I think.”
18 Wyman, Max. “ ‘You can lead a fool to a book but you can’t make them think’: Author has frank words for the religious right,” The Vancouver Sun (British Columbia), October 26, 2000. See http:// w w w.accio-quote.org/articles/2000/1000-vancouversun-w yman .htm.
19 Lumley, James. “J .K. Rowling Wins Appeal in Lawsuit Over Child Photos,” Bloomberg, May 7, 2008. See http://www.bloomberg.com/apps/news?pid=20601102&sid=aFg6lRR9kmuw&refer=uk.
20 J. K. Rowling at Carnegie Hall Reveals Dumbledore Is Gay; Neville Marries Hannah Abbott, and Much More, “Edward,” The Leaky Cauldron (fan website transcript), October 20, 2007. See http://www.the-leaky-cauldron.org/2007/10/20/j-k-rowling-at-carnegie-hall-reveals-dumbledore-is-gay-neville-marries-hannah-abbott-and-scores-more/page/6.
21 Cf. Marjorie Hope Nicholson and Nora M. Mohler, “The Scientific Background of Swift’s Voyage to Laputa,” in Science and Imagination, ed. Marjorie Hope Nicholson (Cornell University Press), cited in Gulliver’s Travels, ed. John Chalker (New York: Penguin Classics, 1985), p. 356 n. 25.
22 Claude Rawson. Introduction to Gulliver’s Travels by Jonathan Swift (New York: Oxford University Press, 2005), p. xliv.
23 I neglect here the positive solutions Ms. Rowling offers within her satire of schools, media, and government in the Cave. I can do this because it is covered so well in Travis Prinzi’s Harry Potter and Imagination (Zossima, 2008), especially the chapters on education and on the members of the Order of the Phoenix as Fabian Socialists, Ms. Rowling’s proper political designation.
Chapter Seven: Harry Potter as an Everyman Allegory
1 Lewis, C. S. Letter to Ms. Hook, December 29, 1958, and The Allegory of Love (II), quoted in Walter Hooper’s C. S. Lewis: Companion and Guide (New York: HarperSanFrancisco, 1996), p. 551.
2 Lepore, “The Lion and the Mouse.”
3 Robertson, D. W., Jr. A Preface to Chaucer: Studies in Medieval Perspective (New Jersey: Princeton University Press, 1962), pp. 366-367.
4 Robertson, D. W., Jr. Essays in Medieval Culture, “The Allegorist and the Aesthetician” (New Jersey: Princeton University Press, 1980), pp. 99-100.
5 The allegorical meaning of the Chamber scene is explained in detail in “Harry Potter and the Inklings: The Christian Meaning of The Chamber of Secrets,” which I wrote in 2002. The article in its entirety is posted at http://www.george-macdonald.com/harry_potter_granger.htm.
6 The allegorical meaning of Harry’s walk into the forest is given in step-by-step detail in chapter three of The Deathly Hallows Lectures (Zossima, 2008).
7 Bunyan, John. The Pilgrim’s Progress (Chicago: Donohue, Henneberry, 1907), pp. 80-82.
8 Robertson, Preface, pp. 315-316.
9 See Bloomsbury.com. “J. K. Rowling and the Live Chat,” July 30, 2007 (2:00-3:00P.M., BST).
10 See “Hagrid’s Tale” (Order of the Phoenix, chapter twenty), “Elf Tails” (Half-Blood Prince, chapter nineteen), and “Kreacher’s Tale” and “The Prince’s Tale” (Deathly Hallows, chapter ten and chapter thirty-three), not to mention “The Tale of the Three Brothers” (Deathly Hallows, chapter twenty-one).
11 “The Tale of the Three Brothers” and the fates of Voldemort, Dumbledore, and Harry are obviously meant to be read in parallel. Voldemort dies as does the older brother because he is unworthy of the Death Stick, Dumbledore dies in a story echo of the second brother after he rashly tries to use the Resurrection Stone to see his late sister, and Harry’s story is largely about his becoming the Unseen All Seeing-Eye/I beneath the Invisibility Cloak (about which, see chapter ten).
12 Robertson, Preface, p. 334.
13 Ibid.
14 From The Idiot (1868) the character speaking is Prince Myshkin the hero of the piece, who is, however, overexcited, naïve, and prone to epileptic fits, not unlike Dostoevsky: “Roman Catholicism is even worse than Atheism itself, in my opinion! Yes, that’s my opinion! Atheism only preaches a negation, but Catholicism goes further: it preaches a distorted Christ, a Christ calumniated and defamed by themselves, the opposite of Christ! It preaches the Antichrist, I declare it does, I assure you it does!”
15 Not unlike the “emblems” and images in the “House of the Interpreter” Bunyan’s Christian understands before being freed of his backpack loaded with sins in Pilgrim’s Progress’s “Place of Deliverance.”
16 Landow, George P. “Closing the Frame: Having Faith and Keeping Faith in Tennyson’s ‘The Passing of Arthur,’ ” Bulletin of the John Rylands University Library of Manchester 56 (1974), 423-442. Cited in “The Passing of Arthur” and “In Memoriam.”
17 See http://bulfinch.englishatheist.org/idylls/chapter12.html.
18 Vieira, “Harry Potter.”
19 Ruskin, John. The Queen of the Air (New York: John Wiley and Sons, 1873), pp. 15-18.
Chapter Eight: The Magical Center of the Circle
1 Ruskin, The Queen of the Air, pp. 15-18.
2 Cited at http://en.wikiquote.org/wiki/Mark_Twain#Education.
3 Lewis, C. S. The Literary Impact of the Authorised Version. The Ethel M. Wood Lecture delivered before the University of London on March 20, 1950 (London: The Athlone Press, 1950), p. 26.
4 Lings, Martin. Shakespeare’s Window into the Soul: The Mystical Wisdom in Shakespeare’s Characters (New York: Inner Traditions, 2006), pp. 193-195.
5 Gilson, Nancy. “A Fantastic Suc
cess for J. K. Rowling,” Columbus Dispatch (Ohio), October 28, 1999. See http://www.accio-quote.org/articles/1999/1099-columbusdisp-gilson.html.
6 Fraser, Lindsay. “Harry Potter—Harry and Me,” The Scotsman, November 2002. See http://www.accio-quote.org/articles/2002/1102-fraser-scotsman.html.
7 America Online chat transcript. AOL.com, October 19, 2000. See http://www.accio-quote.org/articles/2000/1000-aol-chat.htm.
8 J. K. Rowling at the Edinburgh Book Festival, Sunday, August 15, 2004. See http://www.accio-quote.org/articles/2004/0804-ebf.htm.
9 Prinzi, Travis. “Dumbledore, the Order of the Phoenix, and the Fabian Society,” June 2006; Prinzi credits David Colbert (Magical Worlds of Harry Potter) for spotting the Fabian Society/Order of the Phoenix name and garb connection. See http://thehogshead.org/fabian-society-post/.
10 Quoted in Cutsinger, James. That Man Might Become God: Lectures on Christian Theology. Unpublished, p. 48: available at www.cutsinger.net.
11 Adler, Shawn. “Harry Potter Author J. K. Rowling Opens Up About Books’ Christian Imagery,” MTV.com, October, 17, 2007. See http://www.mtv.com/news/articles/1572107/20071017/index.jhtml. See also: http://hogwartsprofessor.com/?p=196.
12 Burnett, Frances Hodgson. “Mrs. Burnett Not a Christian Scientist,” Chicago Post, April 10, 1909; cited in Gerzina, Frances Hodgson Burnett, p. xxvii. This 1909 article is a statement by Burnett; it is cited in The Annotated Secret Garden, ed. Gretchen Holbrook Gerzina (New York: W. W. Norton, 2007), and printed in full in The Secret Garden: A Norton Critical Edition, ed. Gretchen Holbrook Gerzia (New York: W. W. Norton, 2006) pp. 249-250.
Chapter Nine: Harry Potter as Alchemical Reading Magic
1 Simpson, Anne. “Face-to-Face with J. K. Rowling: Casting a Spell Over Young Minds,” The Herald, December 7, 1991. See http://www.accio-quote.org/articles/1998/1298-herald-simpson.html.
2 Much of what follows is based on the three chapters of Unlocking Harry Potter (Zossima, 2007) that explore literary alchemy in depth and from the chapter in The Deathly Hollows Lectures (Zossima, 2008) devoted to that book’s intricate and involved alchemical artistry. Readers wanting to lean more about the subject should go to these books first.
3 Cf. Stanton J. Linden’s Darke Hieroglyphicks: Alchemy in English Literature from Chaucer to the Restoration (University of Kentucky Press, 1998); Lyndy Abraham’s A Dictionary of Alchemical Imagery (Cambridge University Press, 1998); Cauda Pavonis, an academic journal devoted to literary alchemy; and an alchemical website: See http://www.levity.com/alchemy/index.html.