Beneath a Ruthless Sun
Page 43
Jesse Daniels’s hospital commitment and, 125–26, 142
Fruitland Park rape case and, 233–34, 238–39, 244, 250, 322–23, 367–68
Knowles rape case and, 12–13, 125–29, 239, 317, 353
McCall murder trial and, 329
Groveland Boys case, 42–44, 50, 53–54, 71, 80–82, 91, 100, 113–15, 162–63, 167, 183, 239, 249, 272, 288, 316–18, 371, 375
death sentence commutation in, 59–61, 63–64, 77, 293
Groves, Andy, 84–85, 87–89
Gumanis, John, 277–78
Hall, George, 221–22
Hall, W. Troy, Jr., 242–44, 311
Fruitland Park rape case and, 244, 249, 368
Groveland Boys case and, 100, 114–15
Knowles rape case and, 80, 105, 243
McCall murder trial and, 324
McCall’s suspension and, 323
and treatment of juveniles in detention, 99–101
Hardaway, Kiser, 226
Harris, Jerry, 260
Harrison, Lloyd, 163, 331–32, 344, 347
Hawkins, Alice, 96
Hawkins, Ida Frazier, 74–75, 77, 370
Hawkins, Josephine Brown, 73–74
Hawkins, Mary Ellen, 37–39, 332, 334–35, 337–39, 347, 359, 369
Hawkins, Melvin, Sr., 69–71, 81–83, 95–96
Hawkins, Melvin, Jr. “Bubba”
arrest and imprisonment of, 71, 80–83, 93–94, 96, 102, 161, 178, 308, 312
Knowles rape case and, 69–71, 80–83, 91, 93–94, 96–98, 102, 153, 178–79, 308, 349
Hawkins, Virgil W., Sr., 71, 73–76
Hawkins, Virgil W., Jr., 73–82, 312
education of, 73–79, 369–70
interest in law of, 73–74
Knowles rape case and, 80–81, 91
and University of Florida College of Law case, 75–79, 81–82, 251–52, 268, 293, 369–71
Hayling, Robert, 253–55
“Hello Baby” case, 115–17, 124
Henderson, Joe, 221–22
Hener, Mrs. Charles, 62
Herlong, Albert S., Jr. “Syd,” 33, 35–38, 289
Herman, Harley, 370–71
Hernan, Rick, 323, 325–28, 330, 342
Hickman, Margaret M. “Sis,” 128, 310, 313–17, 348–49
Hill, Horace, 75
Hirshberg, Milton J., 294–95, 299
Holloway, Kenneth, 230–31
Hooten, Jack, 242, 327–28
Hoover, J. Edgar, 90, 174–75, 179, 252
Howard, Opal, 157–58, 160, 166, 174, 207, 350
Huett, J. T. “Bud,” 237–38, 240, 247
Huffman, Bobby, 310, 325, 327
Huffman, Jack, 310, 325
Hunter, Jesse, 113–14, 184
Groveland Boys case and, 50, 53, 59, 100, 114
Platt family case and, 50, 53–55
Hunter, Walton B., 184
Hurston, Zora Neale, 141–42
Husfeld, Ted, 307–9
Jesse Daniels’s hospital commitment and, 270–71, 294
Jesse Daniels’s legislative hearings and, 308–9, 311–12
Jesse Daniels’s sanity hearing and, 272–74, 276–82
Knowles rape case and, 291–92, 354
Hyde, Jack, 221
Irvin, Walter Lee, 162
commutation of death sentence of, 59–61, 63–64, 77, 293
Groveland Boys case and, 42–43, 50, 59–61, 63–64, 77, 115, 293
Jackson, Robert, 42–43
Jenkins, Robert, 273–74
Johnson, Glover, 225
Johnson, Lyndon, 253, 255, 261, 267, 347
Johnson, Warren, 10–11
Jones, Willie, 204, 210, 213–14
June, Willis, 310, 325, 327
Justice Department, U.S. (DOJ), 178–79, 183, 248–49, 292, 333–36
Knowles rape case and, 331, 334–36, 344–46
Karl, Frederick, 307, 335–36, 340–41, 343–45
Kennedy, John F., 38, 137, 252–53, 265, 369
Kennedy, Joseph, 137
Kennedy, Rosemary, 137
Kennedy, Walker M., 168–71, 183–84, 189–90, 228
Kinard, William, 255
King, Florence, 290
King, Martin Luther, Jr., 186, 255–58, 260–62
Klaber, Carl, 326
Knowles, Blanche Bosanquet, 17–23, 145, 157–58, 286, 288–94, 361, 371–75
childhood and adolescence of, 26–30
courtship and marriage of, 32, 34–35, 286
and Jesse Daniels’s arrest and imprisonment, 95, 97–99, 101–5
Jesse Daniels’s confession and, 97–98, 103–4, 106–8, 117–19, 121–22, 126–29, 144–46, 151–52, 162–63, 180–82, 275, 277, 283, 291, 296, 308–10, 313–15, 317, 348–49, 352
Jesse Daniels’s hospital commitment and, 143–44, 146–47
Jesse Daniels’s grand jury hearing and, 105–6
Jesse Daniels’s legislative hearings and, 312–13, 315
education of, 26, 30, 32–33, 373
and husband’s alleged deal with rapist, 173–74, 212, 332, 335–36, 339
husband’s mayoralty and, 288–89, 340, 374
Karl’s interview with, 335–36, 340–41, 343–45
medical examination of, 20–21
Odom’s timeline and, 209–11
rape of, 12–14, 17, 19–21, 38–39, 41, 69–71, 79–83, 91, 93–99, 101–8, 111–14, 117–29, 143–45, 147–55, 158, 160–69, 171–75, 178–83, 190, 194–98, 200–217, 231, 239, 243, 251, 260, 266–70, 275, 277, 279, 283, 288, 290–94, 296–99, 302, 305–6, 308–10, 312–18, 325–32, 334–41, 343–55, 357, 359, 369, 371, 373, 375
testimonies of, 146–54, 209, 212, 297–98, 317, 332, 334–35, 344–45, 349, 352
World War II and, 27–30
Knowles, David, 18–21
Knowles, Joe, 17–19, 21, 31–39, 94, 158, 210, 272–74, 365
agricultural business of, 4, 11, 32, 35–36, 177, 210
alleged deal with rapist, 173–74, 212, 332, 335–36, 359
congressional campaign of, 373–74
Jesse Daniels’s employment and, 4, 6–7
mayoralty of, 288–89, 332, 340–41, 374
and wife’s interview with Karl, 336, 340–41
wife’s rape and, 17, 19, 21, 38–39, 41, 104–5, 108, 122, 126–27, 161, 173–74, 181–82, 203–4, 206, 208, 212, 288, 298, 313, 315–16, 328, 332, 334–41, 343–44, 359
wife’s testimony, 147–49, 151–52
womanizing of, 34–35, 37–38, 289, 332, 337–39, 359
World War II and, 31–32
Knowles, Mary, 18–21, 147, 151–52, 211–12, 373
Knowles, Steve, 18–21, 373
Knowles, Tim, 19, 32, 203
Knowles, William G., 31–32, 35
Korean War, 223
Krage, Ben, 334
Ku Klux Klan, 28, 44–47, 58, 242, 327, 330
cross-burnings of, 44–46, 52, 224
Fruitland Park rape case and, 237–38
Groveland Boys case and, 59–60, 80, 82
Knowles rape case and, 350–51
Odom case and, 167, 171
Platt family case and, 54, 56, 223
St. Augustine protests and, 254–55, 257–61
Kynes, James W., Jr., 209–13, 215, 259–61, 332, 344
Lake County, Fla., 17, 29, 33, 40–45, 47–48, 73, 75, 78–79, 154, 158, 223–27, 240, 242, 247–51, 261–62, 265, 305, 330–35, 356–58, 367, 369, 374–75
agriculture in, 4–10, 15–16, 48, 60, 171, 177, 284, 290
Big Scrub cabin case and, 84–86, 89–91
cold weather in, 10, 15–16, 24–25
Jesse Daniels’s hospital commitment and, 268–71, 295
Jesse Daniels’s legislative hearings and, 313–14
Jesse Daniels’s relief claim and, 358, 363, 365
Jesse Daniels’s sanity hearing and, 272–73, 277, 281, 288, 309
Farmer case and, 326–27
Fruitland Park rape case and, 233–34, 244, 247, 249–51, 368
Groveland Boys case and, 42–44, 50, 59–60, 82
gubernatorial elections and, 63–64
Knowles rape case and, 19, 21, 38, 41, 80–81, 93–94, 96–97, 102, 107, 112, 121, 125, 163, 165, 167, 175, 178, 180, 190, 208, 213, 217, 260, 266, 292, 298, 312, 317–18, 325, 328, 331, 334–35, 337–39, 344, 349–51, 353, 371
and McCall, 172, 323–25, 330
Mount Dora Herald’s objectives and, 65
Odom case and, 198, 200
Platt family case and, 50, 52–57
social progress of, 287–88
and treatment of juveniles in detention, 99–101
Vickers case and, 310–11, 322–23, 327
Langley, Richard, 358–59, 363–65, 374
Ledford, Ora Mae Knight, 223, 232, 240–41, 250–51
Ledford, Thomas Lloyd “Buddles,” 221–27, 232–34, 240–41, 247–48, 250–51, 353, 368–69
Dillard’s death and, 242
Dunkers Club and, 223–25, 237
East Town incident and, 221–22
Fruitland Park rape case and, 233–34, 237–38, 247, 250, 252, 368
and suspect/detainee deaths, 225–27
Leesburg, Fla., 3–5, 20–22, 26–28, 31–39, 60, 63, 70, 79, 94, 115, 122, 145, 147, 155, 164, 209–10, 212, 226, 241, 269, 272–74, 288–90, 313, 326, 336–37, 370
agriculture in, 4–5, 12, 32, 36–37
break-ins in, 157–60, 166–68
Fruitland Park rape case and, 233–34
Joe Knowles as mayor of, 288–89, 332, 340–41, 374
Knowles rape case and, 12, 20–21, 38–39, 96, 103, 173, 179–80, 315, 337, 339, 349–50, 371
Odom case and, 190, 194, 216–17
World War II and, 27–28, 31
Lenninger, John, 194–95, 197, 200, 202–4, 206, 208, 212, 215
Lindquist-Dorr, Lisa, 169
Ling, Sally J., 135
Lowry, Sumter, 60–61, 77–79, 82
Lyerly, James, Sr., 138–39
Lyerly, James, Jr., 139
Lynch, Connie, 255, 258–59
Mahorner, James G., 314, 354
Manucy, Halstead “Hoss,” 255, 258, 262
Marshall, Thurgood, 58, 74, 76, 82, 115
Martin, Malachi, 133
McCall, Doris, 59–60, 330
McCall, Douglas, 369
McCall, Malcolm, 47, 63, 328, 330, 368
McCall, Willis V., 37, 46–51, 63, 79–85, 110, 156, 171, 222, 237–43, 247–52, 288, 307, 342, 356–57, 368–69
Big Scrub cabin case and, 84–85, 87–91, 223, 318
and break-ins in Leesburg and Okahumpka, 158, 160, 166
Coronet magazine interview of, 172–73
and Jesse Daniels’s arrest and imprisonment, 97–99, 101–3, 105, 107, 113, 131, 182, 275, 283, 301, 308
Jesse Daniels’s confession and, 97–98, 103–4, 107–8, 117, 162, 275, 277, 283, 291
Jesse Daniels’s hospital commitment and, 125, 131, 141–47, 151–52, 154–55, 167, 179, 270, 318, 339–40
Jesse Daniels’s legislative hearings and, 308–9, 316
Jesse Daniels’s relief claim and, 366
Jesse Daniels’s sanity hearing and, 273, 275, 277, 282–83, 309
Fruitland Park rape case and, 234, 237–38, 247, 249–50, 252, 318, 328, 368
Groveland Boys case and, 42–44, 53, 59–60, 64, 82, 100, 114–15, 163, 167, 183, 272, 318
and Melvin Hawkins Jr.’s arrest and imprisonment, 80–83, 96
Knowles rape case and, 12–14, 17, 20, 79–83, 93–99, 101–8, 111–13, 117–19, 121, 123–25, 144, 160–63, 165–66, 173–75, 178–79, 181–83, 194, 251, 266–67, 275, 277, 283, 291, 298, 308–9, 313, 316–18, 328, 331–32, 334–35, 339–40, 344, 346–47, 350–53, 369
and Joe Knowles’s alleged deal with rapist, 173–74
Ledford’s questionable behavior and, 226–27
Mount Dora Herald’s objectives and, 65–66
murder trial of, 324–25, 327–31
Odom case and, 168, 170, 190
Odom’s execution and, 217, 351–52
Platt family case and, 48–51, 53–55, 66, 183, 318
suspension of, 323–24, 330, 333
and treatment of juveniles in detention, 100–101
Vickers case and, 310–11, 318, 323–25, 327, 329–31, 333
McCollum, Ruby, 141–42
McCormick, John W., 234–37, 336
Meech, Frank, 328
Melvin, Jerry, 364–65
Merritt, Fate, 3, 14, 154
Miller, Ed, 344
Miller, Robert T., 274
Mills, E. R., Jr., 270, 272–73, 275–76, 278, 280–83, 288, 291, 294, 309
Miranda decision, 297, 305
Monson Motor Lodge (St. Augustine), 246, 257–58
Moore, Harry T., 81–82
Morhart, Charles, 93–94
Motley, Constance Baker, 76–77
Mount Dora Herald, 65–66, 178, 239
Mount Dora Topic, 14–15, 42–43, 45–55, 68, 178, 224, 302
demise of, 64–65, 239–40
Groveland Boys case and, 43, 60–61
Knowles rape case and, 97, 104, 166, 174
Mount Dora Herald’s objectives and, 65–66
Platt family case and, 48–55, 61, 66
Mulry, Ray, 273
National Association for the Advancement of Colored People (NAACP), 58, 172, 186, 222, 229, 253–55, 324
Fruitland Park rape case and, 238, 243–44, 248
Groveland Boys case and, 59, 81–82, 115
Knowles rape case and, 81–83, 180, 182
Odom case and, 180, 193–94, 198, 214–15
St. Augustine protests and, 254–55
and University of Florida College of Law case, 75, 78–79
National Association for the Advancement of White People (NAAWP), 47–49, 64, 178
Nelson, Robert “Son,” 213
Newell, David, 25, 290
Newell, Frances Bosanquet, 290
Newell, Priscilla, 28, 33–35, 290
Nibbler, Frank, 279–80
O’Connor, J. B., 277, 294
Jesse Daniels’s hospital commitment and, 145–46, 229, 268–69, 299
Jesse Daniels’s psychiatric evaluation and, 118–22, 124
Blanche Knowles’s testimony and, 146, 151, 297
O’Connor, Tom, 248
Odom, Bettye, 193
Odom, Sam Wiley (Wiley Sam), 176, 361
appeals of, 183–84, 189–90, 196, 198–99, 202
arrests and imprisonments of, 17, 71, 80, 93, 96, 153, 158–61, 163, 166–68, 170, 178–80, 194–217, 260, 349–51
and break-ins in Leesburg and Okahumpka, 158–59, 166–68
death sentence of, 170, 183–84, 189–90, 193–97, 206, 208–9, 213–17, 350–51, 353
execution of, 217, 351–53, 368
Knowles rape case and, 17, 71, 80, 93, 96, 153, 158, 160–61, 163, 174, 178–80, 182, 194–97, 200–212, 214, 216–17, 260, 269, 328, 332, 334–35, 348–53, 359
threats against, 167–68, 171
timeline of, 209–12
trial of, 168–71, 184, 190, 228
Okahumpka, Fla., iv, xiii, 42, 69–73, 75, 92, 132, 147, 263, 293, 301, 370, 372
agriculture in, 4–7, 9–13, 21, 35, 93, 154, 167, 169, 350, 360
black quarters of, 6, 13, 16–17, 20, 69–71, 92, 96–97, 103–4, 126, 158–59, 177–78, 205, 209, 312, 351, 353, 361
break-ins in, 157–60, 166–68
Fruitland Park rape case and, 234
Knowles rape case and, 12–14, 38, 41, 71, 79–81, 91, 93, 96–98, 107–8, 111, 122, 126–27, 144, 158, 161, 167, 173, 180–81, 198, 201, 207–9, 213, 298, 312, 317–18, 339, 341, 349–50, 371
Odom case and, 169, 190, 194–95, 214
Odom’s execution and, 217
Odom’s timeline and, 209–10
Oldham, Gordon G., Jr., 37, 79, 171, 192, 289, 316, 332–36, 369, 374
and Jesse Daniels’s arrest and imprisonment, 95, 97, 105
Jesse Daniels’s confession and, 106, 146, 296, 310, 352
Jesse Daniels’s hospital commitment and, 146–47, 243, 295–96, 312, 358, 366
Jesse Daniels’s relief claim and, 363–66
Jesse Daniels’s sanity hearing and, 272–75, 277–83, 288, 291
Dillard’s death and, 241–42
and dropping of charges against Jesse Daniels, 302, 305–6
Fruitland Park rape case and, 237–39, 247, 249–50, 323, 328, 333, 368
and Melvin Hawkins Jr.’s arrest and imprisonment, 83, 96
Knowles–Karl interview and, 340–41
Knowles rape case and, 79–80, 83, 91, 95–98, 105–6, 117, 123–24, 175, 190, 198, 203–4, 208–10, 212–13, 215–16, 260, 266–67, 269, 296–99, 305–6, 312, 317, 332, 335–36, 339–41, 344, 346–47, 351–53
Blanche Knowles’s testimony and, 146–47, 151–53, 209, 317, 332, 335, 349, 352
Odom case and, 169–70, 184, 190, 198–200, 216–17
Oldham, “Kat” Robinson, 289
Owens, Betty Jean, 184–89, 193–94
Padgett, Charles, 159
Padgett, Norma, 42–43, 59, 64, 163, 288
Parker, Ty, 224–25
Parks, L. L., 251–52
Pattillo, Mary Alice Herlong, 289–90
Peabody, Mary Parkman, 255–56
Peacock, J. E., 91
Peters, William, 172–73
Phillips, Herbert S., 53–54
Platt, Allen, 40, 48–49, 52–57, 367
Platt, Denzell, 40, 48, 56
Platt, Laura, 40, 48–49, 53, 56
Platt family, 40, 48–57, 61, 66, 113–14, 183, 223–24, 318, 367, 375
Powell, Sam, 21, 38–39, 334, 337, 339, 344–45, 374
Rawley, Harold, 14–15
Rawlings, Marjorie Kinnan, 22–23
Reed, Harrison, 132
Reed, William, 331, 336, 343, 346, 351–52