by Jill Roe
Chapter 7 — Pack Up Your Troubles
1‘Ne Mari Nishta (It matters nothing)’, ML MSS 445/4, p. 91.
2‘Salonika’: historically there have been many variants on the name of the Greek city officially known as Thessaloniki since 1912 (Mazower, Salonica: City of Ghosts, pp. 15–16); except in citations with variants, the spelling ‘Salonika’ is followed hereafter as the main English-language usage at this time.
3Memoirs of ‘Alice Henry’, ed. Nettie Palmer, Melbourne, 1944, ts.; FP vol. 51, p 129. ‘Pack Up Your Troubles’: words by brothers George Asaf [Powell], music by Felix Powell.
4Nell Malone now worked at a creche in Argyll Sq and lived at Stevenage Rd (PD, 8/6/1916), which clarifies one of Miles’s several London literary addresses, viz. ‘c/- H. F. Malone Esq., 42 Stevenage Rd, SW6’. Kathleen Ussher was now settled in London where she became a stenographer with the Australian Naval Office and undertook war work as an orderly at Endell St Military Hospital, Bloomsbury, and part-time munitions work (SMF to Alice Henry, 4/1/1916 and 7/5/1916, FP vol. 114).
5Aileen’s brother Selwyn Goldstein, an engineer, was then working in the UK; he enlisted in late 1915 and reportedly died on the Western Front (Bomford, ‘That Dangerous and Persuasive Woman’, p. 183). Angela Woollacott, On Her Their Lives Depend, pp. 27–30, also ‘A Journalist’s Summer Outing’, SMH, 1/11/1916, p. 5, repr. A Gregarious Culture; Alison Adburgham, Shopping in Style: London from the Restoration to Edwardian Elegance, Thames and Hudson, London, 1979, pp. 168–9.
6Margaret McMillan to SMF, 21/11/1915, FP vol. 13; Miles Franklin, ‘The Babies’ Kits. Deptford and Miss McMillan’, SMH, 13/5/1916, p. 8, repr. A Gregarious Culture; Miles attended the wedding of Violet Pike and Arthur Penty (1875–1937), architect and social thinker (ODNB), on 15/1/1916 (PD), Violet becoming Penty’s second wife.
7Phyllis to SMF, undated postcard, 1916, vol. 111; ‘Newport Trades Council. No-Conscriptionists’ Wild Talk’, Monmouthshire Evening Post, 19/2/1916, press cutting, FP vol. 122, p. 103, and SMF to Emma Steghagen, n.d. [Feb 1916], NWTUL Records, m/film reel 2. May Massingberd Meggitt (1880–1958) and Phyllis Mary Meggitt (1889–1969) were both born at Mansfield in the north of England, where their father was a glue manufacturer (‘The World of Miles Franklin’, Southerly, 1984–85, Jill Roe) also ‘British Labor and the War’, L&L, Mar. 1916, pp. 44–6, unsigned, possibly by SMF).
8Bulletin, 17/2/1916, p. 20 (‘Melbourne chatter’). Annie B. Champion to SMF, 23/12/[1916] (postmark), FP vol. 13; Hodge and Newcomb lived in Sydney 1897–1908, see ch. 3 and Catherine Mackerras, Divided Heart: The Memoirs of Catherine B. Mackerras, Little Hills Press, Crows Nest, NSW, 1991, for a vivid picture of Miss Hodge in full flight. Annie Beatrice Champion (1873–1929), a nanny, lived at 4 Bickenhall Mansions, off Baker St, London, W1 (Annie Beatrice Champion: Memories of a Victorian Nursery, ed. Avis Thornton, Cicerone Press, Milnthorpe, UK, 1989).
9WFL motto and banners: see http://ahds.ac./UK/Women’s Library; Bettison and Roe, ALS listing (1916), 2001, and ML MSS 445/21–2 (unpublished sketches, mostly listed n. 12 below); ‘The Kookaburra Laughs Goodnight’ and ‘Queer Street’ (probably a version of ‘Miss Toby’s Party’), ML MSS 445/21–2 (two short stories); ‘The English Jackeroo’ (set in ‘Tucker-time Gully on Jingerah Run’) and ‘Somewhere in London’, ML MSS 445/26 and 25 (two plays); ‘How the Londoner Takes his War’ (ML MSS 445/21, carbon, ts., pp. 5541– 781, plus résumé of reader’s report).
10PD, 27/4/1916; Woollacott, To Try Her Fortune In London: Australian Women, Colonialism, and Modernity, Oxford Univ. Press, Oxford and New York, 2001, ch. 3; FP vol. 105/1, expenses Nov. 1915–June 1917; SMF to Mrs Laurie, 23/6/1917 and Form V(e), SWH Colln, Personnel file, Tin 32/F (claim for fifteen shillings to cover two days idleness while she was vaccinated and payment of a stand-in at the Minerva). The Minerva: SMF to Alice Henry, 4/1/1917, FP vol. 14, Vote, 22/10/1915, p. 790, WFL Records, 104/37c; Times (London), 4/9/1920, p. 1.
11‘Anzac Day’, in ‘London Sketches’, ML MSS 445/21; ‘Somewhere in London’, FP vol. 445/25. SMF to Alice Henry, 1/3/1917, FP vol. 114.* Claude Douglas Kinred (1887–1967) was wounded at Gallipoli and repatriated, returned to work in munitions (Australian War Memorial Nominal Roll and The Buddong Flows On, vol. 2, p. 288).
12‘Hold Tight! Life on a London ’Bus!’, ML MSS 445/22; ‘How the Londoner Takes his War’, ML MSS 445/21, pp. 744–5. Unpublished sketches at ML MSS 445/21: ‘Easter in London’, ‘A London Flower Show: Holland House’, ‘The Britisher and his Zoo’, ‘Hyde Park, London’ and ‘Kent, Cradle of Civilization’, ‘London’s Editors’, ‘Take One Please’ (by ‘Outlander’, a Boer War tag meaning the opposite to ‘Homelander’), ‘Two Years After. London Today’. Unpublished sketches at ML MSS 445/22: ‘Fortune by Mascott in Strand’, ‘Tea on the Terrace’ and ‘Things Noted in London’.
13‘How the Londoner Takes his War’, ML MSS 445/21, p. 743. ‘American Commission’: possibly the Carnegie Report of the International Commission to Inquire into the Causes and Conduct of the Balkan Wars, Washington, 1914 (PBC no. 575).
14SMF to Leonora O’Reilly, 14/5/1916, O’Reilly Papers, m/film series V, and SMF to Agnes Nestor, 21/10/1916, Nestor Papers, m/film series VII, both.*
15‘Country and Suffrage’: cited Jean H. Quataert, ‘Gendered Medical Services in the Mobile Field Hospitals (the Balkan Wars and World War I 1912–1918)’, conference paper International Congress of Historical Sciences, Univ. of NSW, 2005, p. 5, http://www.cish.org; Leneman, In the Service of Life, p. 220; London Committee 1916–1919, SWH Colln, Tin 1.
16Linklater, An Unhusbanded Life, pp. 248–9; Claire Eustace, ‘Meanings of Militancy: The Ideas and Practice of Political Resistance in the Women’s Freedom League 1907–14’, in The Women’s Suffrage Movement. New Feminist Perspectives, eds Maroula Joannou & June Purvis, Manchester Univ. Press, Manchester, 1998; Garner, Stepping Stones in Women’s Liberty, ch. 3; Newsome, Women’s Freedom League 1907–1957, p. 11 (war work). SMF was billed as ‘hostess’ at two WFL meetings in late 1916 (Vote, 13/10/1916, p. 1207).
17Re Hodge: Vote, 19/11/1915, p. 822, and WFL Annual Conference Reports, 1914–24, 1918 ts, pp. 17, 20, 172, WFL Records. Olive Mary Aldridge (1866–1950), wife of urban reformer Henry R. Aldridge (was a member of the WSPU in 1913, but eschewed violence, Times(London, 7/6/1913, p. 40). Miles sent a copy of Mrs Aldridge’s book to Aunt Lena (PBC no. 519).
18PD Apr.–Oct. 1916 passim; Miss Bassnett to Mrs Laurie, 26/1/1918 and related items, and File of Miss Bassnett and Mrs Aldridge, organisers, SWH Colln, Box 26; Vote, 11/2/1916, p. 922, and 5/10/1917, p. 383. Constance Antonina (‘Nina’) Boyle (1865–1943), women’s rights activist (ODNB).
19‘How the Londoner Takes his War’, ML MSS 445/21, p. 619, and PD, 1/11/1916; ‘George Bernard Shaw on War Economy’, Vote, 2/6/1916, p. 1058, Book Lover, 1/10/1916, p. 161 (ML MSS 445/40/6), and Gibbs, Bernard Shaw, p. 349; Howard Weinroth, ‘Norman Angell and The Great Illusion: An Episode in Pre-1914 Pacifism’, Hist. J., 1974, vol. xvii, no. 3; ‘The Babies’ Kits: Nine Elms Settlement and the work of Mrs Charlotte Despard’, SMH 17/6/1916, p. 7, repr. A Gregarious Culture; Newsome, Women’s Freedom League, p. 18.
20The Watt–Marriott letters are at ML MSS 364/84; G. Marriott to H. Paget, 17/1/1917, FP vol. 84.
21Application and related documents in my possession, courtesy British Library, and see ‘How the Londoner Takes His War’, ML MSS 445/21, pp. 567–8.
22All three babies’ kit items repr. A Gregarious Culture. Harriet Newcomb to Andrew Fisher 12/3/1917, FP vol. 13 (draft) refers to SMF writing frequently for the BA but only a few news items about her have been located in period. Two pars by SMF, ‘Symbolism in War Pictures’ and ‘Women’s War Work’, appeared in the Vote, 5/5/1916, p. 1023, 19/5/1916, p. 1043.
23Australian High Commissioner’s Office and SMF, 16/3/1917, 19/3/1917, 26/3/1917, and SMF to Chief Postal Censor, 16/3/1917, FP vol. 13; ‘Two Years After. London Today’, ML MSS 445/21.
24SMF to Agnes Nestor,
21/10/1916, Nestor Papers, m/film series VII, SMF to Emma Steghagen, 31/12/1916, NWTUL Records, m/film reel 2, SMF to Alice Henry, 1/3/1917 FP vol. 114, all.*
25PD, 22/2/1917, article on the suffrage for the Woman’s Journal, Boston (not traced), ‘A Suffrage Demonstration’, SMH, 9/5/1917, p. 5 (previously unlisted); BA, 1/3/1917, p. 20.
26Bulletin, 17/5/1917, p. 18; FP vol. 104, pp. 39–49, corres. between SMF and Beatrice Russell, 30/5/1917–9/6/1917, FP vol. 104; Ishobel Ross, Little Grey Partridge: First World War Diary of Ishobel Ross, who Served with the Scottish Women’s Hospital Units in Serbia, intro. Jess Dixon, Aberdeen Univ. Press, Aberdeen, 1988, p. 38. Agnes Elizabeth Bennett (1872–1960), Sydney-born, obtained her medical degrees in Edinburgh (ADB vol. 7); Agreement with Unsalaried Employees, Form IIIb, SWH Colln, Tin 32, Form IIIa, Agreement with Salaried Employees, FP vol. 104, with an annotation by SMF that she was not paid anything is undoubtedly a superseded form, and the annotation, which is undated, probably refers to the changed circumstances. Paget, letter and report on The Net of Circumstance, 8/5/1917, FP vol. 84; Gilchrist Australians and Greeks 2, p. 144. Colin Roderick to Bruce Sutherland, 8/11/1958, Guard Book 6, states that The Net of Circumstance was rejected by several US publishers in 1917 ‘due to outlandish slang’ (Roderick Papers).
27Bozidar Jezernik, Wild Europe: The Balkans in the Gaze of Western Travellers, Bosnian Institute, London, 2004, ch. 9; SWH London units, Statement of Accounts, 1916–19, SWH Records; SMF to [American] Friends, 28/6/1917, Nestor Papers, m/film series VII;* SMF (‘Frankie Doodle’) to Miss Marx, 2/5/1943, FP vol. 39; A History of the Scottish Women’s Hospitals, ed. Eva Shaw McLaren, Hodder, London, 1919, p. 243, and Gilchrist, Australians and Greeks 2, pp. 111, 131 (ten Australians with SWH 1916–18, c.360 Australian nurses in Salonika). Mary De Garis (1881–1963), ADB vol. 8 (p. 271); English-born Agnes Dorothy Kerr (c.1870–1951) joined in Salonika and served Aug. 1916–Mar. 1919, SWH Colln, Personnel files, Box 36 and list of American unit members, large trunk; Alice Marion Prichard, MBE (1877–1964), b. Kyabram, Vic, was matron, St George Hospital, Sydney, 1922–51.
28Ada Holman to RS, 27/6/1917, RS Corres.
29SMF to RS, 2/7/1917, RS Corres.*
30SMF to Alice Henry, [26/2/1918], FP vol. 115;* ‘Ne Mari Nishta’, ML MSS 445/4, plus two ts. copies, ML MSS 6035/7, with different sets of photographs; SMF to Mrs Laurie 13/8/1917, SWH Colln, Personnel files, Tin 32/F; FP vol. 104 (declaration & agreement). The four sketches: ‘Zabranjeno (Forbidden Valley)’ and ‘The Dentist in Macedonia’, ML MSS 445/21; ‘On the Way to Macedonia’ and ‘Mrs Mackadoughnut’s Hen’, ML MSS 445/22. ‘By Far Kajmacktchalan’ is at ML MSS 445/25 and the variants are ML MSS 6035/1 and 19. ‘Active Service Socks’, repr. A Gregarious Culture.
31FP vol. 111; PD, Jul. 1917.
32‘Ne Mari Nishta’, ML MSS 445/4, pp. 23, 38. The Salonika Front. Painted by William T Wood, RWS. Described by A. J. Mann, A & C Black, London, 1920, substantiates her impression.
33PD, 15/7/1917; ‘Ne Mari Nishta’, pp. 28–31; Salonika Front, by A. J. Mann, p. 26; Hutton, With a Woman’s Unit, p. 61.
34‘Ne Mari Nishta’, ML MSS 445/4, pp. 33–5.
35ibid; Hutton, With a Woman’s Unit, p. 138. Isabel Galloway Emslie Hutton (1887–1960) was a Scottish-born physician who specialised in mental health and social work (ODNB). ‘Kaimacktchalan’ was Miles’s usual spelling, e.g. ‘Active Service Socks’, repr. A Gregarious Culture.
36SMF to Mrs Laurie 13/8/1917, SWH Colln, Personnel files, Tin 32/F.
37PD, 27/8/1917; ‘Ne Mari Nishta’, ML MSS 445/4, p. 177.
38Photo, FP vol. 2;* ‘Ne Mari Nishta’, ML MSS 445/4, p. 177; Gilchrist, Australians and Greeks 2, pp. 146–7; Mary C. De Garis, Clinical Notes and Deductions of a Peripatetic, p. 165 (the officers); SMF to Jean Devanny, 7/1/1954, FP vol. 32, repr. Ferrier (ed.), As Good as a Yarn with You.
39‘Ne Mari Nishta’, ML MSS 445/4, Sketch vi [p.1]; Gilchrist, Australians and Greeks 2, p. 149; De Garis, Clinical Notes, p. 160.
40Gilchrist, Australians and Greeks 2, p. 139 (wasps) and SMF to MDR, 7/5/1920, RR Papers in MDR Corrs., MDR Papers (still having trouble sitting);* Hutton, With a Woman’s Unit, p. 112; The Salonika Front by A. J. Mann, p. 107.
41PD, Jan.–Feb. 1918; SMF to Dymphna Cusack, 31/12/1951, FP vol. 30, repr. North, Yarn Spinners, p. 306; ‘Zabranjeno’, ML MSS 6035/19; FP vol. 111; BA, 7/3/1918, p. 14, and 30/5/1918, p. 14.
42PD, Mar.–Apr. 1918; SWH to SMF, 19/3/1918 and 9/4/1918, FP vol. 104, and SWH to SMF, 25/2/1918, SWH Colln, Personnel file, Box 32. Annie Amelia Smith (1863–1919) also contributed to the Indian Press (Vote, 6/6/1919, p. 213, copy FP vol. 122).
43H. W. Massingham to SMF, 17/8/1918, FP vol. 90, and SMF to Elizabeth Robins, 10/10/1940, FP vol. 13; War Office to SMF, 7/5/1918, FP vol. 13, re ‘sketches you have written’, and collection of anecdotes re London and the war, apparently sent to US newspapers, c.1918, FP vol. 59; ‘On Our Library Table: Mountain Meditations by L. Lind-Af-Hageby’, Vote, 28/6/1918, p. 302; SMF to Professional Women’s Register, Ministry of Labour, Westminster, 13/7/1918, FP vol. 13. H. W. Massingham (1860– 1924), ODNB.
44SMF to Emma Pischel et al., 8/5/1918, FP vol. 114;* PD, 11/7/1918. Frederick Daniel Post (1886–1970), AB Stanford Univ. 1912, b. Illinois, was a clerk resident in Chicago prior to appointment as secretary to the Scientific Attaché, US Embassy, London, departing New York 31/1/1918 (US passport application 22/1/1918, State Department Records, Group 59). The letters from ‘Fred K––’, FP vol. 13, 1918–19, are in his hand, also the postcard from Paris from ‘Frederick ––’, FP vol. 46, pp. 51–3 (‘Dear Stella Marie’, n.d. [Nov. 1918]); as well, some items 1918–20 hitherto attributed to Frederick Pischel are from Fred Post, but Pischel’s corres. in fact ends in 1916. As Fred Post never signed with his surname, he does not appear in the Guide to the FP. FP vol. 13 also has postcards from Serbs.
45Postcard, 13/5/[1918], FP vol. 110/6; PD, May–Aug. 1918. SMF to Sr Kerr [?], FP vol. 164/46, p. 165, n.d.; Matron Nye, b. Poplar 1876, may have gone to Canada subsequently.
46Rules and Regulations for the Guidance of Patients, FP vol. 13; SMF to [SF], 4 postcards, n.d. [1918], FP vol. 110/4.
47O. A. [Olive Aldridge?], ‘The House of the Future’, Vote, 18/10/1918, third of three articles on housing; WFL Annual Conference 1918, transcript, p. 84.
Chapter 8 — At the Heart of the Empire
1LN, FP vol. 3, pp. 536–7.
2PD, 11–12/11/1918. The Council remained at 41 Russell Sq. until 1947 and is now known as ROOM, the National Council for Housing and Planning, 41 Botolph Lane, London EC1 (Kelvin MacDonald, ‘A Century of Reform’, Axis, Feb.–Mar. 2000, p. 10 and web data).
3A. J. P. Taylor, English History 1914–1945, Oxford Univ. Press, Oxford, 1965, ch. IV ‘Postwar: 1918–22’.
4Ashworth, The Genesis of Modern British Town Plannin g, pp. 178–9; ‘Housing: Past and Present’, p. 24, with ‘The National Housing and Town Planning Council and its work, 1900–1922’, ts., n.d., NHTPC Records (held by the Council, London, copies in my possession). As Minister for Health 1924–29, (Arthur) Neville Chamberlain (1869–1940) was responsible for the building of almost one million houses (ODNB).
5Quarterly balance sheets, NHTPC Records, Minute Books, 1921–26 (SMF’s salary, 1921); A. L. Bowley, Prices and Wages in the United Kingdom 1914–1920, Clarendon Press, London and New York, 1921, p. 190; G. Routh, Occupation and Pay in Great Britain 1906–60, Cambridge Univ. Press, Cambridge, 1965, Tables 1, 33, 37, 42, p. 80; LN, FP vol. 3, 535ff.
6SMF to Eva O’Sullivan, 5/8/1919, ML MSS 544.*
7The National Housing Manual 1923 (526 pp.); this and two other Aldridge titles are retained in SMF’s PBC.
8The London, Midlands and Scottish Railway Company owned 22 Harley Rd; members of the Smith family were listed as occupiers and ratepayers in period (Adelaide Ward rate books, Borough of Hampstead, 1918–28, Local Studies and Archives, Holborn Library, Stephanie Liau, site visit and research, Jul. 2003). Thomas Brook
Smith (1862–1938), older brother of Horatio Nelson Smith (1874–1960), ODNB, and J. Foreman-Peck, Smith & Nephew in the Health Care Industry, Elgar, Aldershot, UK, c.1995, ch. 4 (products included Elastoplast and sanitary napkins). SMF to T. B. Smith, 6/7/1940, FP vol. 34, and SMF to H. N. Smith, 13/6/1944, FP vol. 29. Re Primrose Hill, see F. Sheppard, London 1808–1870: The Infernal Wen, Oxford Univ. Press, London and New York, 1971, p. 88. SMF to SF, postcard of Harley Rd, n.d., [1919], FP vol. 110/4; SMF to Ethel Bull 28/9/1942, ML MSS 3569/1, p. 531.
9SMF to Alice Henry, 6/2/1919, FP vol. 114.* Special notes on the Byles/Maynard connection: (1) The Maynard link with the Byles family in England and the US was as close as it is now complex. From Lady Byles’ will and other sources, it appears Mary Anna Maynard (Mab) was a younger sister of Sir William Byles, and Ken Maynard was his nephew, son of another sister, Mary Beuzeville Byles. The pair were the same age: Mary Anna Beuzeville Byles Maynard, née Byles (1864–1944), b. Bradford, a graduate of Newnham College, Cambridge, m. Alfred Kenyon Maynard (1864–1924) in America in 1893; they became US citizens, returning to England (Woolwich) in 1919; and in 1923 she became a Quaker (Society of Friends London Yearly Meeting Proceedings, 1945, pp. 171–2, Society Library, Euston Rd, London). (2) Re the Byles family in NSW: Marie Beuzeville Byles (1900–79) was daughter of Cyril Beuzeville Byles and his wife, Ida Margaret, née Unwin; the family arrived in Sydney in 1911 (ADB vol. 13).
10(Lady) Sarah Byles, née Unwin (1843–1931). Re Sir William Byles: J. Reynolds, The Great Paternalist: Titus Salt and the Growth of Nineteenth-Century Bradford, M. Temple Smith, London and New York, 1983, p. 323. Lorna Walker, ‘Party Political Women: A Comparative Study of Liberal Women and the Primrose League, 1890–1914’, in Jane Rendall (ed.), Equal or Different: Women’s Politics 1800–1914, Basil Blackwood, Oxford, 1987, pp. 187–8; The Diary of Beatrice Webb. Volume Two 1892–1905, Norman and Jeanne MacKenzie (eds), Virago, London, 1986, p. 80.
11Yorkshire Observer, 20/7/1931, courtesy City of Bradford Central Library; press cutting, FP vol. 22, p. 191, M[anchester] G[uardian], 21/7/[1931].