All the Best Rubbish
Page 31
white salt-glazed stoneware, 148
Plot, Robert: 17th-century British antiquary, 32
Plymouth Rock, chip from, 46
Pocock, George, M. P., 161, 162, 163
Pooks, Hester: wife of John Tradescant II, 24–31
Porcelain, Chinese, 27, 145
English, 166, 167, 168
secrets of its manufacture, 146
Victorian, 125, 238–39
Pornography as social history, 250
Port Henderson, Jamaica, 82
Port Jackson, Australia, 214
Port Royal, Jamaica, 82, 114–16, 118–20, 261
destruction of, 114, 115
diving at, 114
view of in 19th century, 115
Porter, bottles for, 197–98
Porto Bello, Panama: British seizure of (1739): commemorated, 150, 151, 152
Portobello Road Market (London), 150, 162, 258
Portobello, villages so named, 150–51
Portobello ware, 151
Portsmouth (England), hulks at, 213
Posnet: see Skillet
Pottery: see Ceramics and individual wares
Powder horn: see Horn, powder
Powell and Ricketts, English glass-makers, 196, 197
Powhatan, Algonquian Indian chief: mantle given by, 27, 28
Preservation movement, 210–11
Price, John E.: quoted, 96–97
Print, “rushing into,” 289
Prohibition, relics of, 201
Proprietary rights, 82–83
Puppy sacrifices, 137
in British folklore, 137
in American Indian lore, 137
in Upchurch Marshes, 136, 137
Queenhithe Dock (London), 86, 90, 107, 110, 112
view of (1749), 111
Queen Victoria Street (London), 91
Rackham, Bernard: quoted, 165
Rakes Progress, A, 176, 180, 243
Ramillies, H.M.S.: wrecked 1760, 7
Razor, barbers, 224, 242
Read, Herbert: quoted, 165
Records, salvage of London, 212–16, 216, 217
Recruiting Officer, The, 179
Reed, Charles: Victorian antiquary, 102–3
Reliquaries, bogus medieval, 100
Remains, human, 1, 32, 36, 54–55, 138, 139, 169–72, 301
Reproductions, museum, 278–79
Restoration, architectural, 66, 210–11
Retrocognition, 55
Reynolds, Captain John, 197–98
Rheims, Maurice: quoted, 1–2
Rice, Thomas Dartmouth, 291, 292, 293
Ricketts, Henry: bottle patent obtained by (1823), 196, 197
Richmond, Virginia, 253–54
Rivers, antiquities from, 73–74, 81, 82, 84–96, 87, 90, 93, 95, 98, 99, 105, 107, 110, 111, 112, 113, 114, 121, 122, 123–24
Rising Sun: East India trade ship (1703), 79–80
Riveting, ceramic, 273
Roach Smith, Charles, 84–86, 102, 124, 128–30
Robson, L. L.: quoted, 215
Roc, Great, 27, 32–33
Rochester, Kent, 19–20, 243
Rodney, Admiral Sir George Brydges: exploits commemorated, 149, 153, 154, 277, 278
Rookwood, 249
Rose Tavern (Breaston, Derbyshire?), bottle belonging to, 175, 176
Rose Tavern, Covent Garden, bottle belonging to, 176, 177, 179
history of, 176–79, 178, 180, 243
token issued for, 178
Rosemary Lane, London, 100, 103
Royal Surrey Theatre (London), 292, 293
Royal Veterinary College (London), 136
Rubbish, disposal of, 204–9
Ruggles-Brise, Lady Sheelah, 174
Rush, Benjamin, 201
Russell, Reverend John “Jack,” 69
St. Eustatius, W. I., 204
St. Kitts (Christopher), W.I., 204, 264–65
St. Martin Vintry (London), churchyard of, 169, 172
St. Mary Hill, London, 116, 117, 118–19
St. Mary’s Church, Lambeth, 30, 31
St. Marys River, Florida, 123
St. Rémy-en-Rollat (France), pottery jug from, 20
Saints, Battle of the (1782), commemorated, 153, 154
Salcombe, Devonshire, 6
Salesroom, buying in, 175, 282–83
selling in, 289
Salt, in burial ritual, 170–72
Salts, delftware, 88
Saltaro, Don: 18th-century showman, 35–36
Salvage archaeology, 54–55, 91–96
Samian ware, Roman, 11, 138, 139
Sandwich, Kent, 76–77
Seal impressions, 212
Seals, bottle: see Bottles
Sears, Roebuck & Co., 229
Secret Life, My, 250
Sedley, Sir Charles: 17th-century playwright, 178
Shackles, 214
Shadwell Dock (London), building of, 98–99
Shadwell, Thomas: 17th-century playwright, 179
Shield, Iron Age, 84
Ship Tavern (London), mug from, 116, 119–20
Shipwrecks, artifacts from, 71–82, 72, 76, 77, 81
Shop Book, The General (1753): quoted, 246, 253
Shrines, Roman, 4, 91, 92
Shrouds, woolen, 169
Silliman, Benjamin, 37, 63, 251
Skillets, bell metal, 252, 253–54
Slang, underworld, 232
Slaves, runaway: described, 235
Sloane, Sir Hans, 37
Smith, Edward: trunkmaker, 255, 256, 257
Smith, John, 251
Smith, William: see Billie and Charlie
Smithson, James, 48
Smithsonian Institution: see Museums, American
Snobbery, antiquarian, 49–50, 271
Snuffbox, silver gilt, 233
Societies: see individual names
Sotheby & Co. (London), 104, 166, 175
Southwark Bridge (London), 88, 90, 107
Space, collectors’ need for, 51–52
Spectator, The: quoted, 222
Spy, The London: Ned Ward’s, 250
Stathams, Sir John, 221
Stedman, John: quoted, 105–6
Steele, Sir Richard: quoted, 35–36
Stoneware, British: origins of, 146
brown, 123, 157, 158, 291, 292, 294, 295
white salt-glazed, 148, 152, 171, 277
Stoneware, Rhenish, 108, 109, 110, 149, 164, 244, 245, 280, 291
found in Virginia, 108, 109
reproductions of, 280
Stony Hill Barracks, Jamaica, 26–163, 264
Stoughton’s Elixir, 200
Swansea, ceramics, 162, 163
Swem, Earl G., 187
Swift, Jonathan: quoted, 222
Tablets, Roman writing, 91, 134
Target, Ann: porcelain made for, 167, 168
Target, Thomas, 168
Tatler, The: quoted, 35
Taunton, Somersetshire, 252
Taverns: see individual names
Taverns, museums in, 35–36
Taylor, John: Virginia brazier, 253–54
Tea bowls, Bow porcelain, 166, 167, 168
Tea drinking, 251
Teapot, Wedgwood black basaltes, 140
Tell el-Amarna, 297
Teniers, David, Elder and Younger, 241
Tennyson, Alfred: quoted, 203
Thames river, antiquities from, 84–90, 86, 88, 90, 98, 99, 105, 106, 110, 111, 112, 113, 236, 286
Theatre Royal (London), 223:see also King’s House theater
Thefts of antiques, 20–21
Thirty-Third Regiment of Foot (British), 261, 262, 263
Thompson, Flora: discussed and quoted, 238–40
Thurlow, Edward: quoted, 147
Titus: statue of, 4
Tobacco boxes, 148, 149, 159, 233
Tokens, plantation, 113, 114
tobacco, 268
tradesmen’s, 117–18, 177, 178, 236
Tomb robbing
, Egyptian, 300
Towneley, Charles: 18th-century collector, 2, 3
Tourists, barbarism of, 296, 297
Toynbee, Professor Jocelyn: quoted, 138
Tradescant Collection, 23–33, 28, 34
Tradescant, Hester, 24–31
Tradescant, John I and II, 23–31, 25
Tradescant’s Ark, 24–29, 33–34
Tradescant, tomb of, 30, 31
Trafalgar, Battle of (1805): commemorated, 154, 155, 156
Travelers, 204, 243, 250–51, 296, 297
“Treasure Chest,” 75, 76
Trunk, 79, 255, 256, 257
Turpin, Richard “Dick,” 248–49
Tutankhamen, tomb furniture, 18–19
Tutter’s Neck (Virginia), delftware found at, 87, 88
Ubilla, Juan Estéban de, 72
Uffenbach, Jacharius Conrad von: quoted, 36
Ultraviolet light, 274, 280
Unicorn, 27
Upchurch Marshes, Kent: potteries on, 128, 130, 134
Roman pottery from, 127–39, 128, 129, 133, 135, 137, 139, 151
Victorian garbage deposited on, 131, 143
view of, in 19th century, 129
Upchurch ware, 127–28
Urinal, glass, 231
Vandals, archaeological, xi, 83, 94, 144, 296, 297
Vasa, foundered 1628, 75
Vernon, Admiral Edward: commemorated, 150, 151, 152
Vespasian: coin of, 86
statue of, 4
Victoriana, 50, 63, 143
Victoria, Queen, 156–58, 238, 295
ceramics commemorating, 156, 157, 295
coins of, 86, 105
Victory, H.M.S.: commemorated, 154, 155
Ville de Paris, capture commemorated (1782), 153, 154
Villiers, George, 24
Virginia Antiquities, Association for the Preservation of, 43
Virginia, Eastern Shore of, 184
Vyse, Colonel Richard William Howard, 302
Wakeham, Nicholas: doodler, 267
Walbrook (London), 56, 57, 90–94, 95
artifacts from, 91, 93, 94–95
excavations on site of, 91–96
St. Stephen’s Church, 56
Wales, Alexandra, Princess of, 240
Walton, Dorcas, 119
Ward, Edward “Ned,” 250
Warner, Herinemus: Philadelphia brazier, 253
Washington, George, 192
Washington, Martha, 184–85, 190–92
Watson, John, 183
Waverley novels, 70
Wedgwood family, 146
Wedgwood, Josiah, 147, 153
Wellington, Duke of: caricatured and commemorated, 158, 159
Wetherburn’s Tavern, Williamsburg, Virginia, 15, 199
West Indies, 82, 114–15, 120, 156, 171, 193, 196, 204–5, 261–66
Westminster, 218–20, 224, 234
map of, 219
“Weymouth” ware, 128
Whale, fossil bones of, 187
Whistle, Chinese gold, 72
White House, the, 60
Whitelam, Sarah, 214
Wigwell, Derbyshire, 221
Wilkes, John, 215
William III, coins of, 106–8
Williamsburg, Virginia, 9, 190, 192, 227
antiques found at, 49, 202
Bottling Works, 202
discoveries at, 13, 15, 149, 184, 185, 187–88, 199, 200, 227, 228
Williamsburg Pottery, 277
Willoughby, Sir Nesbit Josiah, 220
Willow pattern, 162
Wine bottles: see Bottles Wood, Alderman Sir Mathew, 160
Woodbury Creek, Philadelphia, 73
Woodruff, Reverend C. E., and Cumberland, H,: Victorian antiquaries, 128, 130
Woodstock, North Carolina: discoveries at, 121
Workes of Armorie, James Bosse-well’s: quoted, 231
Wormeley, Captain Ralph: bottles made for, 181, 182
Yale University, 37, 63
York River, Virginia, 81, 82
Yorktown, Battle of (1781), 81
Revolutionary War wrecks at, 81–82
Zoffany, John: painting by, 2, 3
Acknowledgments
AN AUTHOR who chooses a subject as uncontroversial as the beauty of motherhood must still expect to be denounced by a few irate readers, but the archaeologist who dares to write in praise of collecting is asking for all sorts of trouble. No matter how clearly and vehemently he may condemn the looting of objects from the ground or of later parting them from their historical documentation, he can expect to be charged with promoting every crime from trespass to treason. If he should be so foolhardy as to suggest that rather than seeing objects only as things to measure, catalogue, and hoard away in museum storerooms, they can legitimately serve as catalysts for fact-borne flights of imagination, then he is liable to be thought as irrational as he is irresponsible. Consequently the brickbats are rightfully mine, and the many people who have provided the hard facts are wholly blameless for the manner in which I have used them.
I am indebted to many dealers in antiques and antiquities both in the United States and in Britain who, over the years, have been more than generous with their advice, and from whom I obtained many of the objects that made this book possible; but I am particularly grateful to Robert Allbrook, John May, Anthony Oliver, and Howard Phillips in London, and to Joan Morris of Stamford, Connecticut, and Ricks Wilson of Williamsburg, Virginia. I am equally in the debt of the museum curators and librarians who have helped me pursue the histories of the objects discussed or have provided me with illustrations. They are: Thomas N. Armstrong III, director of the Pennsylvania Academy of the Fine Arts; Barry A. Greenlaw, John D. Davis, and John C. Austin, curators in the department of collections, and Julia Davis, historian in the department of research, all of the Colonial Williamsburg Foundation; Donovan Dawe, principal keeper at the Corporation of London’s Guildhall Library; James L. Howgego, keeper of prints and paintings, Guildhall Library; Ralph Merrifield, deputy keeper at London’s Guildhall Museum, and Norman C. Cook, its retired keeper; Ian Lowe, curator of Western Art, Ashmolean Museum, Oxford; Mary Clapinson, assistant in the department of Western MSs., Bodleian Library, Oxford; Michael Moad, curator of the Eastgate House Museum, Rochester, Kent; G. A. Morris, librarian at the North Devon Athenaeum, Barnstaple; Joyce L. Sears, librarian at the Prince Consort’s Library, Aldershot; Michael Webb of Greenborough House, Hartlip, who allowed me to explore and excavate on his Medway marshlands; and A. de Franciscis, superintendent of antiquities for the province of Naples and Caserta, Italy. I am also greatly obliged to William M. Jones and J. E. Hardy of Jacksonville, Florida, for the use of hitherto unpublished information, and to Helen Camp of Pemaquid, Maine, for similar courtesies. In Jamaica I owe much to the assistance of C. Bernard Lewis, director of the Institute of Jamaica at Kingston, and to Thomas A. L. Concannon, Ivor Cornman, and Ray Fremmer; and on the island of St. Eustatius to my good friend Robert Grodé, without whom the book would have no title. I am appreciative, too, of the help given me by Anne Able Smith at A. P. Watt & Son in London.
For the provision and use of photographs I wish to express my appreciation to the following institutions and individuals: to Burnley Corporation, Towneley Hall Art Gallery and Museum for Fig. 1; the Western Morning News (Plymouth, England) for Figs. 3 and 4; Eastgate House Museum, Rochester, for Fig. 11; The Society of Antiquaries of London for Fig. 12; the Ashmolean Museum, Oxford, for Figs. 13 and 14; the University Museum, Oxford, for Fig. 16; the Victoria and Albert Museum, London, for Figs. 19 and 123; the Pennsylvania Academy of the Fine Arts for Fig 20; the North Devon Athenaeum, Barnstaple, for Figs. 24 and 26; Parke-Bernet Galleries, New York, for Fig. 27; Florida State Division of Archives and History for Fig. 28; the Mariners’ Museum at Newport News, Virginia, for Fig. 31; J. M. Harrison of Edinboro, Pennsylvania, for Fig. 44b; the British Museum for Figs. 49, 55, 64, and 108; the Institute of Jamaica for Figs. 50 and 51; the DeHardit Press, Gloucester, Virginia, for Fig. 54; the
Colonial Williamsburg Foundation for Figs. 10, 67, 90, 94, 102, and 113; the U.S. National Park Service for Fig. 82c; Washington and Lee University, Lexington, Virginia, for Fig. 84; the Guildhall Library, London, for Figs. 45 and 99; Weidenfeld and Nicolson Ltd., for Fig. 104; Richard Green (Fine Paintings) Ltd., for Fig. 105; and Ivor Cornman of Stony Hill, Jamaica, for Fig. 116.
For permission to photograph objects in museums and private collections, I am obliged to the following: the Colonial Williamsburg Foundation for Figs. 8, 83, 85, 92, 94, 101–103, and 120; the Association for the Preservation of Virginia Antiquities for Fig. 18; the Guildhall Museum, London, for Figs. 5, 38, 40, 42, 77, 80, 109, and 119 (right); Mary Watkins of Wilmington, Delaware, for Fig. 53; the British Museum for Fig. 61; the Ashmolean Museum, Oxford, for Fig. 63; John V. N. Dunton of Louisbourg, Nova Scotia, for Fig. 76; Henekey’s, Ltd., of London, for Fig. 79; Portsmouth City Museums in England for Fig. 96; and Charles T. Hotchkiss of Williamsburg, Virginia, for Fig. 118. I am grateful, too, to Hans E. Lorenz, whose printing has done much to make my photography seem better than it is.
For permission to quote from copyrighted sources I am obliged to Atheneum Publishers, Inc., for the extract from Maurice Rheims’s The Strange Life of Objects, and to the Oxford University Press for the excerpt from Flora Thompson’s Lark Rise to Candleford.
Finally, I want to express my lasting appreciation to Marilyn Marlow, who believed in this project even when I faltered; to Jean Patton of Bloomington, Indiana, who introduced me to Flora Thompson and who provided the Traherne quotation, and to Audrey, my wife, who reviewed the manuscript and suggested I rewrite the last chapter—which I did.
January, 1973
I.N.H
About the Author
IVOR NOËL HUME is the former chief archaeologist of Colonial Williamsburg and director of the Williamsburg Department of Archaeology. He led the team that discovered the first traces of England’s failed Roanoke Island colony. His book A Guide to Artifacts of Colonial America is the definitive work on the subject. In 1992, Noël Hume was awarded an OBE (Order of the British Empire) by Queen Elizabeth II in recognition of his services to British cultural interests in Virginia. He lives in Williamsburg, Virginia.
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Credits
Cover design by Charles Henry Carter
Copyright
Frontispiece: From a late-seventeenth-century Italian book on antiquities. Translation of Latin: “Whatever is under the earth the present age brings to light.”