Currency Wars: The Making of the Next Global Crisis
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efficient markets theory
Eichengreen, Barry
elite rent seeking
embargoes
Emergency Banking Act of 1933
emergent properties, in complex system
energy, money-as-energy model
England
and depression of 1920–1921
and German hyperinflation
gold reserves
and gold standard
London Gold Pool
1960s sterling crisis
1968 closing of gold market
and Panic of 1931
and Paris Peace Conference of 1919
and Treaty of Versailles
and Tripartite Agreement of 1936
“Enhancing International Monetary Stability—A Role for the SDR?” (IMF)
Eurasian theater, euro-yuan relationship
euro
creation of
and currency devaluation
euro-dollar exchange rate
and European sovereign debt crisis of 2010
Germany’s support of
launch of
as reserve currency
and SDRs
as supercurrency
U.S. and Chinese support of
and yuan
European Central Bank
European Common Market
European sovereign debt crisis of 2010
European Union
exports
expropriation
extreme events, in complex systems
Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac
Federal Open Market Committee
Federal Reserve Act of 1913
Federal Reserve Bank of New York
Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
Federal Reserve, U.S.
bank regulation
Board of Governors
on classical gold standard
in creating a new gold-backed system
creation of
current assets of
Dodd-Frank reform legislation of 2010 and
and dollar price stability
gold and money supply during 1930s
gold and money supply in 2011
handling of its own balance sheet
and IMF
IOUs to the Treasury
as lender of last resort
and management of unemployment
mandates of
mercantilism compared to
and monetarism
quantitative easing program
Financial Crisis Inquiry Commission
financial economics
financial war game
financial warfare strategy
First National Bank of New York
First National City Bank of New York
fixed exchange rates
floating exchange rates, 1970s
Fort Knox, Kentucky
Foundations of Economic Analysis (Samuelson)
fractal dimension
framing, in economics
France
currency collapse in 1920s
and European sovereign debt crisis of 2010
gold reserves
and gold standard
invasion of Germany’s Ruhr Valley
Paris Peace Conference of 1919
Treaty of Versailles
and Tripartite Agreement of 1936
withdrawal from London Gold Pool
free-floating currency
free trade barriers
Friedman, Milton
Gallarotti, Giulio M.
Gates, Robert
Gazprom
Geithner, Timothy
General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade (GATT)
General Electric (GE)
General Motors (GM)
Genoa Conference of 1922
Germany
bilateral trade relations with China
currency collapse in 1920s
and European sovereign debt crisis of 2010
and G20
gold reserves
and gold standard
and panic of 1931
reichsmark
rentenmark
rise of Nazi party
support for euro
trade deficits during 1980s
and U.S. in London Gold Pool
Weimar hyperinflation
and World War I reparations
Gertz, Bill
Gini coefficient
global corporations
globalization
gold
and Bretton Woods system
China’s 2009 five hundred metric tons of gold transfer
classical gold standard of 1870 to 1914
as currency anchor
FDR’s gold confiscations
flaws in 1920s gold exchange standard
flexible gold standard
France and desire to return to gold standard
Genoa Conference and return to gold standard
gold clauses in contracts
gold SDR
gold standard during war time
gold standard, return to
and Great Depression
international gold reserves
London Gold Pool
1930s deflation and U.S. gold devaluation
under Nixon’s New Economic Policy
and Panic of 1931
vs. paper money
prices during U.S. recessions, 1970s to 1980s
pure gold standard
stocks and
two-tier system, creation of
U.S. and dollar-gold parity
U.S. gold reserves
gold bullion and coins
gold mining
Gold Reserve Act of 1934
Gold Standard Acts of 1900 and 1925
Goldman Sachs
Gramm, Phil
Great Depression
beggar-thy-neighbor devaluations during
Federal Reserve role during
France and
gold as contributing factor to
impact on U.S. economy
Greece
Greenspan, Alan
gross domestic product (GDP)
in China
four components of growth in
major currencies and
monetarism and changes in
U.S. consumer and growth of
in U.S. during Kennedy-Johnson years
U.S. economy and 2011
Group of Eight (G8)
Group of Seven (G7)
Group of Ten (G10)
Group of Twenty (G20)
Brazil and
and Panic of 2008
and SDRs
2008 Summit on Financial Markets and the World Economy
2009 Pittsburgh G20 summit
2011 Cannes, France G20 summit
U.S. rebalancing plan and
Group of Two (G2)
Gutfreund, John
Halliwell, Steve
Hamilton, Alexander
hedge funds
Hemingway, Ernest
Herodotus
heuristics, in economics
Hitler, Adolf
Hoover, Herbert
Hu Jintao
Hua Guofeng
Hughes, Charles Evans
Humphrey-Hawkins Full Employment Act of 1978
hyperinflation
import surtax
India
Indonesia
inflation
caused by U.S. QE programs
China’s levels during 1980s and 2011
dollar inflation
monetarism and fears of
in 1920s Germany
and 1930s deflation
stagflation in U.S. during 1970s
U.S. levels during 1960s and 1980s
interdependence, in complex systems
interest rates
interesting in-between, in complex systems
International Emergency Economic Powers Act of 1977 (IEEPA)
International Monetary Fu
nd (IMF)
Brazil and
under Bretton Woods system
creation of special drawing rights (SDRs)
in currency wars
declares end of Bretton Woods system
G20 and
Germany and gold accumulation from
as global central bank
global reserve currencies database
and Nixon’s import surtax
and SDRs
international monetary system
international trade, gold standard in
Iran
Ireland
“iron rice bowl” welfare policy, China’s 1990s
isolation, in economics
Israel
Italy
Jackson, Andrew
January effect
Japan
and gold standard
invasions and conquests by
and Panic of 1931
rare earth exports skirmish with China
trade deficits during 1980s
2011 earthquake/tsunami in Sendai
U.S. mortgage crisis and Japanese stocks
yen and Nixon’s New Economic Policy
yen-dollar relationship after 2011 earthquake in
Johnson, Lyndon B.
J. P. Morgan & Company
JPMorgan Chase
Kahneman, Daniel
Kennedy, John F.
Keynes, John Maynard
Keynesianism
Knickerbocker Trust, New York
Koch, Ed
Krugman, Paul
Kuhn, Loeb & Company
Kumhof, Michael
Lagarde, Christine
Lausanne Conference, 1932
law of diminishing returns
Lehman Brothers
Liang, Qiao
Limbaugh, Rush
Long-Term Capital Management, 1998 bailout of
Louvre Accord, 1987
Lula da Silva, Luiz Inácio
McCarthy, Cormac
MacMillan, Margaret
Maastricht Treaty of 1992
Madison, James
Mandelbrot, Benoît
Mantega, Guido
Mao Zedong
marginal returns
MARKINT
Markowitz, Harry
Martin, William McChesney
Medvedev, Dmitry
Meltzer, Alan
mercantilism
Merkel, Angela
Merrill Lynch
Merton, Robert C.
Merton, Robert K.
Mexico
Milgram, Stanley
Miller, Alexey
Miller, Merton
momentum investing
monetarism
money
banking system definitions of
treating SDRs as
Morgan, J. P.
Morgan Stanley
Morgenthau, Henry
mortgage crisis, U.S.
Moscow
multinational corporations
multiple reserve currencies
multiplier theory, Keynesian
Nabucco
NASA
National City Bank of New York
National Economists Club, Washington, D.C.
National Export Initiative, U.S.
National Monetary Commission
natural gas industry, Russia’s
Netherlands
New Economic Policy, 1971, Nixon’s
Nixon, Richard M.
Nixon Shock of 1971
Nobel Prize in Economic Sciences
normal distribution of risk
Norman, Montagu
Norman v. Baltimore & Ohio Railroad Co.
North Korea
Norton, Charles D.
Obama, Barack
and China’s President Hu
and IMF’s SDR dollar replacement strategy
National Export Initiative
2008 to 2010 stimulus programs
and U.S. attack on Japanese yen
O’Donnell, Bill
over-the-counter derivatives
Pacific theater, dollar-yuan relationship
Page, Scott
Palazzo Corsini, Rome
Panic of 1890
Panic of 1907
Panic of 1931
Panic of 2008
bailouts during
Brazil and
exchange rate disputes
Federal Reserve and lender of last resort function in
G20 and
gold and money supply in aftermath of
liquidity shortages from losses in
money velocity in
SWF investments in
U.S. and China in
value at risk role in cause of
and Wall Street’s risk evaluation methods
paper currencies
Dubai as largest transshipment point for
gold backing for paper money
gold vs. paper money
paper-gold ratio during World War I
paper SDR
paper gold
Paris 1919 (MacMillan)
Paris Peace Conference of 1919
Pentagon, U.S.
People’s Bank of China (PBOC)
People’s Liberation Army (China)
Pépin, Jean-Luc
Peterson, Peter G.
phase transitions, in complex system
Plaza Accord, 1985
Poland
Pompidou, Georges
Portugal
price-gold-flow mechanism
price-specie-flow mechanism
primary dealers
private enterprise
prospect theory
protectionism
Putin, Vladimir