by Koven, Seth
Shoreditch, 256; as tourist destination, 1
Showalter, Elaine: on male club land, 357n23
Simmons, Mary, 201–202
Simon, John, 185
“simple life,” 127; and Carpenter, 235; at Toynbee Hall, 257
Sims, George R., 152; on bohemianism of male journalists, 61; on Daddy, 64; as editor of Living London, 171; on Elizabeth Banks, 140; slum journalism of, 158
Sinfield, Alan: on aestheticism and sexual queerness, 364n95
Sing, Edith: on women’s settlements, 198
Sins of the Cities of the Plain (1881), 269
sisterhood. See cross-class sisterhood
slum lassies: of Salvation Army, 7
slum novels: by women, 204–205; women reformers’ responses to, 205. See also Lee, Vernon; Meade, Mrs. L. T.; Miss Brown; Princess of the Gutter, A
slum priests: in Church of England, 255; in East London, 243; ritualism of, 255; sexual and gender identification of, 262; sexuality of, 3
slummers: psychology of, 6; socioeconomic background of, 10–11
slumming, 2; and aestheticism, 208; and Barnardo, 109–110; as bourgeois privilege, 9; casual, 8; consequences of, 6; definition of, 6; disavowal of, 8, 9, 179, 288; in disguise, 13 (see also incognito slumming); in 1880s, 15; as elite entertainment, 5, 7; by elite women, 198; Elizabeth Banks on, 161; and empirical sociology, 285; as entertainment, 1; ethics of, 14; as fad, 259; fashionable, 6–8; historical sources about, 12; journalistic, by Banks, 148;necessity of, for Victorians, 3; pleasures of, 9, 183; perjorative connotations of, 7; reading as, 216; and scientific charity, 58; scope of, 1; and sexual subjectivity, 4; social contexts of, 11; and social investigation, 5; and social knowledge, 5; and social policy, 4, 67; sociological, 13; twentieth century legacy of, 282; uses of, by elites, 5; and women, 7–8, 183, 189, 222
slums: contrasting images of, 4; exoticization of, 4; as queer space in People of the Abyss, 82; as spaces of freedoms for the elites, 5; as tourist sites, 1, 8, 80
Smeaton, John: on “A Night,” 48
Smith, Hubert Llewelyn, 265–266
Snow, John: on causes of cholera, 40
Social Democratic Federation, 208, 234
social housekeeping, 191; by women, 186; women reformers on, 222
social policy: formulation of, by women, 185–186, 188–189, 196–197, 222, 224– 226, 285–286; formulation of, by men, 153, 231, 279–280, 286–287; and homelessness, 19, 33–34, 49–50, 54–59, 67, 73 (see also Metropolitan Houseless Poor Act); on homosexuality, 19, 72–73; on lodging houses, 42; and “A Night,” 30–31, 36; and public baths, 40; role of press in, 27, 51, 161, 169; and slumming, 1, 5. See also child welfare; New Journalism; New Poor Law; workhouse infirmaries
social purity, 138; Barnardo as champion of, 112; Hopkins on, 16; and women, 204; and Winnington Ingram, 260
Social Science Congress: Barnardo’s address to, 100
social work: class basis of, 225; emergence of, 225; as female profession, 152; profession of, 224
Socialist League, 208, 243
Society of the Divine Compassion: and Adderley, 2
Society of Women Journalists, 335n37
sociology: as academic discipline, 225; empirical, pioneers of, 11, 169; language of, 164; and women, 11, 13, 164–167, 169
sodomy: in convict colonies, 43; in Barnardo’s boys’ home, 109; Frederick Greenwood on, 47; in Lambeth casual ward, 27, 43, 63; policing of, 307n53; in poor houses, 43; as unmentionable vice, 56
“Soul of Man Under Socialism” (1881): and Oscar Wilde’s criticism of philanthropy, 370n163
South Africa, 196
South London Journal: on “A Night,” 69
Spencer, Herbert: as Potter’s mentor, 13
Spender, J. A., 250
spinster, 178, 219; and Banks, 147; connotations of, 147; in novels by Henry James, 214; public work of, 186; in the slums, 203; Virginia Woolf on, 183. See also “glorified spinster”
stage censorship of The Casual Ward, 52
Stallard, J. H.: on female casual wards, 54, 186
Stanley, Ellen: casual ward investigations by, 54, 186–187
Stanley, Mrs. H. M., 131
Stanley, Maude, 198
Stanton, Rev. Arthur Henry, 255
state inspection: of casual wards, 45; of common lodging houses, 42; inadequacy of, 46
Stead, William Thomas, 269; on gender roles of journalists, 154; and “Maiden Tribute,” 27, 130, 221; on “A Night,” 36; on slumming, 8; on white slavery, 158
Steedman, Carolyn: on flower and water cress girls, 169; on health visiting, 197
Stevens, Mrs.: and dirt, 194
Stocks, Mary Danvers, 204
Strand Magazine, 215
“street arabs,” 89; as synonym for homeless people, 61; Wilde’s interest in, 269
stunt girls: in New York City, 157
Sturgis, Howard: and James, 351n104
submerged tenth: as social category, 11
Sue, Eugène, 38
suffrage: democratization of, in 1866, 35
Sunday Magazine, 215
surveillance: photographic, 130; of poor, 80, 130, 192, 199; technologies of, in charity, 98, 114, 117, 130
sweated labor, 169; in London, 167; in New York, 148
Symonds, John Addington: on dislike of word “homosexual,” 314n150; on ethics of cross-class love and sex between men, 71–72, 372n180; and Lee, 208; as reader of “A Night,” 70; and sexology, 87; and sexual autobiography, 72; and sexual slumming, 70; and Toynbee Hall, 275; tramps in poems by, 314n158
Symonds, Katherine, 188
sympathy: and Barnardo’s photographs, 130; and Davies, 58; Hyndman on, 9; Loch on, 101; and shame, 4. See also moral imagination
Tagg, John, 130
Talbot, Rev. Edward
Talbot, Lavinia (Mrs. Edward), 242, 243
Tawney, Richard Henry, 273, 288
“Tempted London” (1888–89), 166–167
Tennant, Dorothy (Mrs. H. M. Stanley), 131
Thatcher, Margaret, 282
Thesinger, Alfred, 105, 112
Third Reform Bill (1884), 152
Thomson, Kit Anstruther, 214
Tillet, Ben, 2
Tillyard, Anna, 203
Tillyard, Fanny, 203
Times (of London): and Barnardo arbitration, 112; on “A Night,” 49; on philanthropy and depravity, 88
Tirebuck, William, 162
Tooley, Sarah, 156
tourism, in slums, 1, 8, 80
Toynbee, Arnold, 243; on capital and labor, 239; and Hinton, 17
Toynbee Hall, 21, 153, 230–231, 236, 248, 268; and aestheticism, 259; architecture of, 274; and Ashbee, 264, 266, 269; and Balliol College, Oxford, 254; cross-class brotherhood at, 229; Elizabethan Literary Society of, 275; founding of, 238; Harkness on, 257; housekeeping at, 245; interior decoration of, 246–247; irreligion at, 251; Lansbury’s criticisms of, 286; and masculinity, 240; opening of, 244; as residential colony, 237; and Ruskin, 250; sexual dissidence at, 263; as tourist destination, 8; women’s roles at, 249
Toynbee Record, 272
trade unionism: and matchgirls, 162; women’s, 163
Trafalgar Square: free speech demonstrations in, 236; male prostitution in, 86
tramp subculture, 61, 67; and homosexuality, 83
Trevelyan, Charles, 59
Treves, Frederick, 126–128
Trollope, Anthony, 32
true narratives: evangelical, 95–97
Trumbull, H. Clay: on friendship, 263
Twain, Mark (Samuel Clemens), 129
Twining, Louisa, 31, 186, 305n38
typing: as female profession, 152
Uncommercial Traveller (Dickens): and “A Night,” 35
undercover investigation, 11, 19, 142
unemployment: and masculinity, 72
university extension: East London branch of, at London Hospital, 126; at Toynbee Hall, 273
university settlements, 7. See also settlement movement; women’s settlements
&n
bsp; vagrancy: Andrew Doyle’s report on (1865), 56; COS on, 59–60; Higgs on, 188–189; history of, by Ribton-Turner, 60; Interdepartmental Committee on, 189; state regulation of (see Metropolitan Houseless Poor Act; Vagrancy Act); Villiers on, 56; Williams on, 82. See also homelessness; tramp subculture
Vagrancy Act (1898), 73, 285, 316n173
Vanderbilt, Consuela, 170
vestrymen: in Lambeth, 54–55; and local poor relief, 33–34, 75
Vicinus, Martha, 218
Victoria Magazine for Women: on women’s workhouse visiting, 34
Victoria Park: in East London, 127
Victoria, Queen, 232
Victorianism: politics of, 282
Villiers, Charles Pelham: on vagrancy, 56
voluntarism, 235; and social policy, 89
voluntary poverty, 190
Wagner, Gillian, 92
Wakeman, Annie, 156
Ward, Mrs. Humphry (Mary): as anti-suffragist, 150; as New Womannovelist, 220
Waugh, Benjamin, 216
Webb, Beatrice: on Poor Laws, 33; as trouser fitter, 156
Webb, Sidney: on Poor Laws, 33
Weekly Sun, 160; Banks’s articles in Weldon, Maud: on free union with Howard Hinton, 17
welfare monarchy, 232
welfare state, 89, 129, 132; male settlers as architects of, 231, 286–288; and women, 196–197, 204, 225
Wells, Ida B.: and anti-lynching, 176
Wesley, Rev. John, 95
West London: East End invasion of, 76
West London Mission, 200, 202
Westminster Review, 151
Whitechapel, 17, 163, 237, 240, 249; as slumming epicenter, 7; as tourist destination, 1; as tourist site, 8
Whitechapel Picture Exhibitions, 241, 245
Whitman, Walt, 235; criticisms of, 239; English admirers of, 263
Wilde, Oscar, 213, 230; and Adderley, 2, 257; aftermath of trial of, 221; and Headlam, 257; Lee on, 208; trial of, 72
Williams, Elizabeth: background of, 123; and Barnardo, 122; children of, 133; testimony of, 125
Williams, Raymond, 86; on exile and vagrancy, 82
Williams, William, 65, 66
Williamson, Rev. Joe, 194
Wilson, John: on redesign of workhouse space, 56
Wilton, F. C., 52
Winnington, Ingram. See Winnington Ingram, Rev. Arthur Foley
Winnington Ingram, Rev. Arthur Foley: and Ashbee, 276–277; as bishop of London, 263, 276; description of, 261–262; Ernest Aves’ comments about, 262; on faith and work, 251; at Oxford House Club, 277–278; on sexual purity, 260; and working class boys, 265
Woman at Home, The, 171
womanliness, 150, 154, 155; debate about, 174; and Meade, 215; and suffrage, 224
women: and magazines and periodicals, 151
women journalists: employment opportunities for, 152; in New York, 157; as social investigators, 20; topics covered by, 154
Women Writers’ Suffrage Association, 176
women’s colleges: Banks on, 175–176; founding of, in 1860s, 187; Mrs. Meade on, 215; in the U.S., 173
women’s settlements, 191–192, 198, 200–204; and Canning Town Women’s Settlement, 203; Lady Margaret Hall Settlement, 202; St. Hilda’s, 201, 249; St. Margaret’s, 201, 249; social rituals of, 202
women’s suffrage: Banks’s criticism of, 149; Banks’s support for, 176; campaign for, 224; in Great Britain, 150
Women’s Trade Union League, 164
Women’s University Settlement: Helen Gladstone at, 10
women’s work: and Banks, 140–142; 146, 158–160, 163–169; Black on, 164–166; and Harkness, 166–169; and sexual danger, 164
Wontner, St. John, 132; and Barnardo Arbitration, 120; on Williams’s photograph, 124
Woods, Robert: on artificiality of men’s settlement houses, 249; on Toynbee Hall, 246
Woolf, Virginia: on Vernon Lee, 221; on spinsters, 183
Worby, John: and tramp memoir, 85
workhouse: in Bethnal Green, 35; in Greenwich, 53; in Holborn, 25; in Mile End, 53–54; in Poplar, 49; regulation clothing in, 41; in Stepney, 51; in Whitechapel, 54
workhouse casuals: mistreatment of, 34; perspectives of, 65–67; racialized images of, 61; survival strategies of, 68
workhouse clothing, 65; tearing up of, 69
workhouse diet, 41
workhouse infirmaries: Lancet campaign about, 25, 63; reform of, 47
Workhouse Visiting Society, 34, 186
Working Men’s College, 208, 266; founding of, 233; in London, 234; Munby at, 185
Wragge, Muriel, 191, 226, 227
Wragge, Stella, 191
“Wrens of the Curragh,” 31
Writers’ Club, 152
Yates, Edmund, 152
Yellow Book, 153
yellow journalism, 147, 174
Young India: Royden as reader of, 195
Young Woman, 156, 215
Zelizer, Viviana, 132
Zola, Émile, 209