puberty, 58
puerperal fever, 28–29
purging, 97
Putallaz, Martha, 183–86, 201–2
Putnam, Robert, 74, 76
questions, 43
radio, 78
reactive aggression, 69, 70
reality TV, 79–80, 170–71
reassurance:
depression and, 140
excessive seeking of, 139–40
Rejected’s need for, 48
by teens, 139–40
reflected appraisal, 65
Rejecteds, 35, 36
aggression of, 129–30
depression of, 47, 124
description of, 35
need for reassurance by, 48
and psychological symptoms, 47–48
stability of, 37, 38–40, 45, 128–29
and technical support agents, 136–37
Rejected-Aggressives, 45
Rejected-Nonaggressives, 45–47
rejection, 168
and hostile attribution bias, 164–66
sensitivity bias, 163–64
resentment, 82
response biases, 166–67
rewards, 57–58
Reynolds, Dan, 84
rheumatoid arthritis, 104, 105
risky behaviors, 97–99
Ritalin, 71
Roe v. Wade, 71–72
romantic partners, 104
Rome, 53–54
Russia, 87
Ryan, Richard, 87–88
safety, 75
salaries, 147
Salganik, Matthew, 93
Sam, 197–98
Sandra, 212–13
sarcasm, 159
scaffolding, 199–200
schema, 214
school achievement, 6
school shootings, 204
Scientology, 71
Sean, 211–13
Sehnsucht (life longings), 54
self-actualization, 54, 75
self-esteem, 4, 101
of Accepted children, 44
and approval of others, 65
intelligence and, 46
and self-blame, 206
self-harm, 103
selfishness, 215
self-worth, 65–66
Semmelweis, Ignaz, 28–29, 31, 51
Senate, U.S., 72
September 11, 2001, terrorist attacks of, 72
sex, unprotected, 97
Shanghai, China, 120
shelter, 75
Sheppard, Chris, 77
shrewdness, 67
Silaho (chimpanzee), 68
Slavich, George, 111–12
smiling, 63
Snapchat, 171, 173
social comparison, 175
social database, 152
social feedback, 164
social frames, 185–86
social information processing, 151– 52
adolescence and, 166
cue encoding as, 155–59, 163
status and, 159
social interactions, 100–101
social intimacy, 55
social isolation, positive scenes ignored by, 157
social media, 60–61, 79–80, 171–74
adolescent problem with, 174–75
coping support offered by, 175
gaining followers on, 176–79
likability and, 176–77
number of followers on, 80
status on, 177–78
social mimicry, 133–35
social pain, 110
social rejection, 110
social rewards, 58, 62
attitudes and preferences changed by, 63–64
as basis of self-worth, 65–66
of dominance, 71
enjoyment of, 66
limbic system sensitive to, 57, 171
in mass media, 78
temptation of, 62–63
social skills, 129, 130, 188, 193
of Accepteds, 43
of Controversials, 48
socioeconomic status, 6, 44
sociometric groups, 34, 44–45
solitude, health risks of, 101
Somerville, Leah, 63, 164
Sound of Music, The, 181–83
South America, 93
South Korea, 87
speed-dating, 134
splitting, 83
spouses, 102
status, 7–8, 33, 67
addictions caused by, 82–83
in adolescence, 7–8, 33
among chimpanzees, 67–68
in China, 77–78
of Controversials, 49
elation and, 81–82
emotional intelligence and, 159
and good feelings, 58–59
happiness and, 80
increased by bullying, 69, 70–71, 206
likability vs., 50–51, 77–78, 214–15
loneliness and depression and, 83–84
longitudinal studies of, 87
low, depression linked to, 81
lowered by aggression in China, 78
objects associated with, 60
and overdependency, 208
overwhelming feelings and, 82
in reality TV, 80
resentment and, 82
on social media, 177–78
splitting and, 83
too much of, 71–74
in U.S., 77–78
ventral striatum and, 58
wishing for something else, 84–85
see also high-status people
status, craving for, 56–59, 60
adults changed by, 61
downsides of, 66–88
excessive, 74–80
increasing, 75–76
media and, 78–79
teenage, and lifetime popularity seeking, 87
Steve, 115–18, 130–32
strangers, 132–34
strength, 67
stress, 104, 106–7, 192
stroke, 104
subcortical regions, 59
substance abuse, 7
of Rejecteds, 47
suicide, 7, 103
superego, 5
super-peer, 78–79
Survivor, 170
Susan, 14–15
teasing, 110
teen moms, 49
television, 74, 78
testosterone, 58
thinking, 59
This American Life (radio show), 175
Thomas, 113–14
Thorpe, Ian, 84
Tiger Beat, 178–79
Today, 71
Tokyo, 77
Tony, 211–13
tools, 100
transactional model, 125–32, 140–41
beyond conscious awareness, 132–37
and excessive reassurance-seeking, 139–40
trends, 92–101
Trevi Fountain, 53–54
Trump, Donald, 70–71
T-shirt experiment, 125–27
Tulipomania, 96
Tumblr, 173
TV actors, 81
Twitter, 60, 61, 171, 173, 176
Tylenol, 110
UCLA, 172
unemployment, 123
unpopularity:
as darkest fear, 213–14
DNA affected by, 113
health risk of, 92, 101–14
mortality rates increased by, 102–3
and mothers’ aggression, 191
vacation homes, 74
vaccines, 72–73
ventral pallidum, 59
ventral striatum, 57–59, 61–62, 64, 65
veterans, 5–6
Veterans Affairs, 5
Vienna, 28–29, 31, 51
Vine, 173, 178
volunteering, 104
Washington Post, 72
watches, 61
Watts, Duncan, 93
wealth, 55, 60, 65, 66, 74, 81, 148–49
welfare, 123
Western nations, 76
wishes, 53–55
work problems, 7
work relationships, 6
Yahoo!, 93
Yale University, 21–23
yawning, 101
Young, Jeff, 214
Young, Jim, 169–70
YouTube, 179
Zaki, Jamil, 63–64
Zuckerberg, Mark, 170
Mitch Prinstein is the John Van Seters Distinguished Professor of Psychology and the director of clinical psychology at the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill. He and his research have been featured in the New York Times, the Wall Street Journal, National Public Radio, the Los Angeles Times, CNN, U.S. News & World Report, Time, New York, Newsweek, Reuters, Family Circle, Real Simple, and elsewhere.
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