Nothing to Fear

by Adam Cohen

  39 Bernard Bellush, Franklin D. Roosevelt as Governor of New York (New York: Columbia University Press, 1955) p. 76-77; FDR Papers, Vol. I, p. 625; Moley, First New Deal, p. 251.

  40 Memorandum to Judge Samuel Rosenman from Raymond Moley and Rexford G. Tugwell, July 11, 1932, Moley Papers, Box 283; FDR Papers, Vol. I, pp. 693-711; Moley, First New Deal, p. 250 ; Saloutos, American Farmer and the New Deal, pp. 40-41; Moley, After Seven Years, pp. 44-45.

  41 Letter from Don Murphy to W. W. Wymack, April 11, 1939, in Wallace Papers, Murphy Files, Box 1; Letter from Henry Wallace to Edward Bernays, December 14, 1932, Wallace Papers, Reel 18, Frame 106; Letter from Henry A. Wallace to Franklin Delano Roosevelt, September 22, 1932, Moley Papers, Box 69; Culver and Hyde, American Dreamer, pp. 99-100, 103; Schapsmeier and Schapsmeier, Henry A. Wallace, p. 122, 145-56, 158; Time, 8/29/32; Moley, After Seven Years, p. 42; Reminiscences of Henry A. Wallace, 1951, CUOHRO, pp. 166-67; Letter of Henry Wallace to Dante Pierce, November 30, 1932, Wallace Papers, Reel 59, Frame 577; Des Moines Register, 10/4/32; Watkins, The Hungry Years, pp. 350-51; Shover, Cornbelt Rebellion, pp. 3, 36-37; Michael W. Schuyler, “The Hair-Splitters: Reno and Wallace, 1932-1933,” Annals of Iowa 43 (Fall 1976), pp. 403-4; Wallace, New Frontiers, pp. 151, 165; Edsforth, New Deal, p. 102; Saloutos, American Farmer and the New Deal, pp. 40; Wallaces’ Farmer, 10/9/32.

  42 Letter of George Peek to Henry Wallace, November 21, 1932, Wallace Papers, Reel 17, Frame 710; Tugwell, Diary, p. 32; The Nation, 8/14/35, p. 83; Saloutos, American Farmer and the New Deal, p. 44.

  43 Letter of Henry Wallace to Franklin Roosevelt of November 17, 1932, Wallace Papers, Reel 17, Frame 614; Letter of Edward L. Bernays to Henry Wallace, November 10, 1932, Wallace Papers, Reel 17, Frame 434; Letter of Henry Wallace to Dante Pierce, November 30, 1932; Freidel, “Notes of an Interview”; Reminiscences of Henry A. Wallace, 1951, CUOHRO, pp. 179-82; Wallace, New Frontiers, p. 158; Sargent, Roosevelt and the Hundred Days, pp. 51, 60.

  44 Letter of Henry Wallace to Dante Pierce, November 30, 1932; Reminiscences of Henry A. Wallace, 1951, CUOHRO, pp. 179-82; Wallace, New Frontiers, p. 158; Tugwell, Interview of Henry A. Wallace, FDR Library; Telegram from Raymond Moley to Henry Wallace, Nov. 29, 1932, Wallace Papers, Reel 17, Frame 818; Lord, Wallaces of Iowa, p. 324.

  45 Saloutos, American Farmer and the New Deal, p. 42; Freidel, Launching the New Deal, pp. 96-98; Reminiscences of Henry A. Wallace, 1951, CUOHRO, pp. 184-85; Tugwell, In Search of Roosevelt, p. 192; Nourse et al., Three Years, pp. 14-15; Blum, Morgenthau Diaries, pp. 39-42; Tugwell, Diary, pp. 88-91; Sargent, Roosevelt and the Hundred Days, p. 61.

  46 Reminiscences of Henry A. Wallace, 1951, CUOHRO, pp. 185-90; Wallace, New Frontiers, p. 165; Letter from John R. Kirk to Franklin Delano Roosevelt, January 23, 1933, Letter from Henry A. Wallace to H. E. Mile, February 2, 1933, Letter from Henry A. Wallace to Franklin Delano Roosevelt, January 26, 1933, Wallace Papers, Correspondence, Box 13; Sternsher, Rexford Tugwell and the New Deal p. 86; Moley, After Seven Years, p. 124 n. 12; Bellush, Roosevelt as Governor of New York, p. 78; Letter from Robert A. Allen to Raymond Moley, January 8, 1933, Moley Papers, Box 63; Moley, First New Deal, p. 252.

  47 Letter from Franklin D. Roosevelt to Henry A. Wallace, February 3, 1933, Wallace Papers, Correspondence, Box 13; Reminiscences of Henry A. Wallace, 1951, CUOHRO, pp. 189-91; Des Moines Register, 2/27/33; Lord, Wallaces of Iowa, p. 332; Moley, After seven Years, p. 124 n. Moley, First New Deal, p. 78.

  48 Reminiscences of Henry A. Wallace, 1951, CUOHRO, pp. 193-95, 198; Brinkley, Voices of Protest, pp. 45-47.

  49 Reminiscences of Henry A. Wallace, 1951, CUOHRO, pp. 195-96.

  50 Reminiscences of Henry A. Wallace, 1951, CUOHRO, pp. 143-48; Lord, Wallaces of Iowa, pp. 332, 346; Wallaces’ Farmer, 3/4/33; Des Moines Register, 3/1/33; Tugwell, Roosevelt’s Revolution, p. 54; “Wallace, Henry A.,” Current Biography, January 1947; New York Times, 4/2/33.

  CHAPTER 5 : “GOOD LORD! THIS IS A REVOLUTION”

  1 Press Release, Agriculture Dept., March 8, 1933, Wallace Papers, Box S1; Press Release, Agriculture Dept., March 10, 1933, Wallace Papers, Box S1; Hearing, United States Senate Committee on Agriculture and Forestry, Congressional Record, 73rd Session, pp. 8-9; Saturday Evening Post, July 3, 1937; Henry Wallace, Democracy Reborn (New York: Reynal and Hitchcock, 1944), p. 41; Tugwell, Roosevelt’s Revolution, pp. 69-70; Saloutos, American Farmer and the New Deal, pp. 44-45; Reminiscences of Henry A. Wallace, 1951, CUOHRO, p. 209; New York Times, 3/9/1933; Culver and Hyde, American Dreamer, p. 115; Schapsmeier and Schapsmeier, Henry A. Wallace p. 169.

  2 Henry A. Wallace, Radio Address, May 1, 1933, Wallace Papers, Box S1; Tugwell, Democratic Roosevelt , pp. 275-76 ; Schapsmeier and Schapsmeier, Henry A. Wallace, p. 168; Sternsher, Rexford Tugwell and the New Deal, p. 188; Lord, Wallaces of Iowa, p. 328; Tugwell, Roosevelt’s Revolution, p. 73; Shover, Cornbelt Rebellion, pp. 38-39.

  3 Tugwell, Diary, p. 319; Tugwell, Roosevelt’s Revolution, p. 73; Schapsmeier and Schapsmeier, Henry A. Wallace, p. 168; Freidel, Launching the New Deal, pp. 308-9.

  4 Reminiscences of Henry A. Wallace, 1951, CUOHRO, pp. 210-11, 225; Press Release, Agriculture Dept., March 10, 1933; Schapsmeier and Schapsmeier, Henry A. Wallace, p. 169; Culver and Hyde, American Dreamer, p. 115; New York Times, 3/11/33; Freidel, Launching the New Deal, pp. 308-9; Radio Address by Henry A. Wallace, National Farm and Home Hour, March 10, 1933, Wallace Papers, Speeches Box S1; Wallace, Democracy Reborn, p. 41; Sargent, Roosevelt and the Hundred Days, pp. 114- 15; Telegram from Henry Wallace to William Seaver Woods, December 20, 1932, Wallace Papers, Reel 18, Frame 265; Charles O. Gridley, “Henry A. Wallace,” reprinted from the Rainbow of Delta Tau Delta, in Wallace Papers, Murphy Files, Box 1.

  5 Press Release, Agriculture Dept., March 10, 1933; Charles O. Gridley, “Henry A. Wallace”; Schapsmeier and Schapsmeier, Henry A. Wallace, p. 169; Culver and Hyde, American Dreamer, p. 115; New York Times, 3/11/33; Freidel, Launching the New Deal, pp. 308-9; Radio Address by Henry A. Wallace, National Farm and Home Hour, March 10, 1933, Wallace Papers, Speeches Box S1; “Statement Submitted to Secretary of Agriculture Henry A. Wallace By National Farm Leaders,” March 11, 1933, Wallace Papers, Speeches Box S1; Peek and Crowther, Why Quit Our Own, p. 80; Letter of Rexford Tugwell to Raymond Moley, October 29, 1965, Moley Papers; Tugwell, Diary, pp. 320-21; Reminiscences of Henry A. Wallace, 1951, CUOHRO, pp. 210-11, 225; Wallace, New Frontiers, p. 164; Sargent, Roosevelt and the Hundred Days, p. 114; Tugwell, Roosevelt’s Revolution, pp. 75-76; Sternsher, Rexford Tugwell and the New Deal, p. 181; New York Times, 3/11/33.

  6 Tugwell, Democratic Roosevelt, p. 276; Schapsmeier and Schapsmeier, Henry A. Wallace, pp. 169-71; Peek and Crowther, Why Quit Our Own, pp. 80-81; Hearing, United States Senate Committee on Agriculture and Forestry, Congressional Record, 73rd Session, p. 7; Wallace, New Frontiers, p. 164; Schlesinger, Coming of the New Deal, p. 39; Saloutos, American Farmer and the New Deal, p. 45; Stanley High, “Will It Be Wallace?” Saturday Evening Post, 7/3/37.

  7 Letter of Henry Wallace to Raymond Moley, May 27, 1965, Moley Papers, Box 245, Folder 10; Reminiscences of Rexford G. Tugwell, 1951, CUOHRO, p. 44; Schapsmeier and Schapsmeier, Henry A. Wallace, pp. 169-71, 191; Time, 3/27/33; Wallace, New Frontiers, pp. 164-65, 275; Nourse, et al., Three Years, pp. 18, 42, 70 ; Fite, George N. Peek, p. 252; Sargent, Roosevelt and the Hundred Days, p. 114.

  8 Shover, Cornbelt Rebellion, pp. 95-96; Lord, Wallaces of Iowa, p. 331; Hearing, United States Senate Committee on Agriculture and Forestry, Congressional Record, 73rd Session, p. 106; Schuyler, “The Hair Splitters”; Tugwell, Roosevelt’s Revolution, p. 36.

  9 Press Release, Agriculture Dept., March 14, 1933, Wallace Papers, Speeches Box S1; Moley, First New Deal, pp. 253-54; Peek and Crowther, Why Quit Your Own, p. 82; Moley, Diary, 3/9/33; Tugwell, Democratic Roosevelt, p. 276; Freidel, Launching the New Deal, p. 311; Tugwell, Diary, pp. 88-91; Browder and Smith, Independent, pp. 90-91; Sargent, Roosevelt and the Hundred Days, p. 83; Lord, Wallaces of Iowa, p. 338. />
  10 FDR Papers, Vol. II, p. 74; Reminiscences of Henry A. Wallace, 1951, CUOHRO, p. 221; “Statement by Secretary Wallace,” March 17, 1933, Wallace Papers, Speeches Box S1; Freidel, Launching the New Deal, p. 311; Moley, First New Deal, p. 254; Sargent, Roosevelt and the Hundred Days, p. 161.

  11 “Address on the Farm Bill by Henry A. Wallace,” March 18, Wallace Papers, Box S1; Freidel, Launching the New Deal, p. 312; Tugwell, Diary, pp. 89-90; Hearing, United States Senate Committee on Agriculture and Forestry, Congressional Record, 73rd Session, pp. 7-9, 36; New York Times, 3/19/33; New York Times, 3/23/33; Lindley, Roosevelt Revolution, p. 97; Congressional Record, January 10, 1933, pp. 1489-93, in Zinn, New Deal Thought, p. 228.

  12 Shover, Cornbelt Rebellion, p. 103; Freidel, Launching the New Deal, p. 313; Lindley, Roosevelt Revolution , p. 97; New York Times, 3/22/33; New York Times, 3/23/33; Washington Post, 3/22/33.

  13 “Statement by Secretary of Agriculture Henry A. Wallace Before the Senate Committee on Agriculture and Forestry,” March 25, 1933, Wallace Papers, Box S1; Letter of Henry Wallace to Dante Pierce, March 1933, Wallace Papers, Reel 118, Frame #808; Hearing, United States Senate Committee on Agriculture and Forestry, Congressional Record, 73rd Session, pp. 248, 250 ; Tugwell, Diary, pp. 89-90 ; 322; Freidel, Launching the New Deal, p. 314; The Boston Globe, 3/26/33; New York Times, 3/23/33.

  14 Hearing, United States Senate Committee on Agriculture and Forestry, Congressional Record, 73rd Session, p. 116.

  15 Letter from Wallace to Dante Pierce, March [undated] 1933, Wallace Papers, Correspondence, Box 13; Tugwell, Diary, pp. 58-59; Freidel, Launching the New Deal, pp. 316-18; Reminiscences of Henry A. Wallace, 1951, CUOHRO, p. 222.

  16 Schapsmeier and Schapsmeier, Henry A. Wallace, p. 175; Freidel, Launching the New Deal, pp. 309- 16; Lindley, Roosevelt Revolution, pp. 108-9; “Radio Address by Secretary of Agriculture Henry A. Wallace,” April 1, 1933, Wallace Papers, Speeches Box S1; Wallace, New Frontiers, p. 168; Peek and Crowther, Why Quit Our Own, pp. 14-15; Sargent, Roosevelt and the Hundred Days, p. 166.

  17 “Radio Address by Secretary of Agriculture Henry A. Wallace,” April 1, 1933, Wallace Papers, Speeches Box S1; Wallace, New Frontiers, p. 168; Peek and Crowther, Why Quit Our Own, pp. 14-15; Moley, First New Deal, p. 253; Fite, George N. Peek, p. 253; Letter from Henry A. Wallace to Dante Pierce, April 1933, Wallace Papers, Reel 18, Frame 852; Tugwell, Diary, p. 328.

  18 Shover, Cornbelt Rebellion, p. 103; Culver and Hyde, American Dreamer, p. 117; New York Times, 4/14/33; Time, 4/10/33.

  19 Moley, First New Deal, p. 257; Smith, FDR, p. 326; Kennedy, Freedom from Fear, p. 369; Anthony Badger, The New Deal: The Depression Years, 1933-1940 (New York: Ivan R. Dee, 2002), p. 239; Schlesinger, Coming of the New Deal, pp. 297-98; Sargent, Roosevelt and the Hundred Days, p. 147; New York Times, 4/14/33; New York Times, 6/13/33; New York Times, 6/17/33.

  20 New York Times, 4/15/33; William G. Shepherd, “Why the Farmer Doesn’t Like Our Dollar,” Collier’s , 4/1/33, in Wallace Papers, Series II: Clippings, Box 1; Wolfskill and Hudson, All but the People, p. 208; Feis, 1933: Characters in Crisis, pp. 122-23, 126; Freidel, Launching the New Deal, pp. 322-23; Schlesinger, Coming of the New Deal, pp. 40-42; Lindley, Roosevelt Revolution, p. 114.

  21 Browder and Smith, Independent, p. 91; Berle and Jacobs, Navigating the Rapids, p. 72; Feis, 1933: Characters in Crisis, pp. 114-15; Lindley, Roosevelt Revolution, p. 19; Roosevelt, FDR: His Personal Letters , pp. 342; Steel, Walter Lippmann, p. 304.

  22 Walter Lippmann, “Today and Tomorrow,” New York Herald Tribune, 4/19/33; Lindley, Roosevelt Revolution, p. 119; Moley, First New Deal, pp. 300-302; Moley, After Seven Years, p. 157-58; Moley, Diary, 4/18/33, 4/19/33; Wolfskill and Hudson, All but the People, p. 208; New York Times, 1/25/33.

  23 Moley, First New Deal, pp. 300-302; Moley, After Seven Years, p. 157; Sargent, Roosevelt and the Hundred Days, p. 177.

  24 Memorandum from Adolf Berle, April 24, 1933, p. 1, in Berle 15, Memorandum from Campaign (August 1932-August 1933), FDR Library; Letter from Lewis Douglas to James Douglas, April 23, 1933, Douglas Papers, Box 239; Letter from Lewis Douglas to James Sargent, March 19, 1973, Douglas Papers, Box 119; Feis, 1933: Characters in Crisis, pp. 125-31; John Brooks, Once in Golconda: A True Drama of Wall Street 1920-1938 (New York: Harper & Row, 1969), pp. 154-55; Moley, First New Deal, pp. 301-2; Moley, After Seven Years, p. 159; Browder and Smith, Independent, pp. 91-92; Schlesinger, Making of the New Deal, pp. 41-42; New York Times, 11/5/32.

  25 Lindley, Roosevelt Revolution, pp. 120-21; Moley, First New Deal, pp. 303-4; Browder and Smith, Independent, pp. 92-93; Wolfskill and Hudson, All but the People, pp. 208-9; Kennedy, Freedom from Fear, pp. 143-44; Dam, “Gold Clause Cases,” p. 512; Schlesinger, Coming of the New Deal, p. 44; New York Herald Tribune, 4/19/33.

  26 Terkel, Hard Times, pp. 221-22; Shover, Cornbelt Rebellion, pp. 118-19; Smith, FDR, p. 327 n.; Time, 4/17/33, 5/8/33.

  27 Freidel, Launching the New Deal, p. 337; The New Republic, 3/15/33; New York Times, 5/11/33.

  28 “Henry A. Wallace Address to the US Chamber of Commerce,” May 5, 1933, Wallace Papers, Speeches Box S1; William G. Shepherd, “Why the Farmer Doesn’t Like Our Dollar,” Collier’s, 4/1/33, in Wallace Papers Series II: Clippings, Box 1; Lord, Wallaces of Iowa, p. 332; Henry Wallace, “A Declaration of Interdependence” in Wallace, Democracy Reborn, p. 43; New York Times, 5/13/33.

  29 Roosevelt Presidential Press Conferences, March 17, 1933, Complete Presidential Press Conferences of Franklin D. Roosevelt, Vols. 1-2, 1933, (New York: Da Capo Press, 1972); Sargent, Roosevelt and the Hundred Days, p. 122.

  30 Harold Koontz and Richard Gable, Public Control of Economic Enterprise (New York: McGraw-Hill Book Co., 1956), pp. 688-89; Schlesinger, Crisis of the Old Order, pp. 121-24; Moley, First New Deal, p. 324; Tugwell, The Democratic Roosevelt, p. 286; Badger, The New Deal, p. 171, Time, 11/17/41.

  31 Kenneth S. Davis, FDR, The New York Years, 1928-1933 (New York: Random House, 1985), pp. 99-100; Moley, First New Deal, pp. 325-29; Schlesinger, Crisis of the Old Order, p. 124; Smith, FDR, p. 237; Freidel, Triumph, p. 106; Rosenman, Working with Roosevelt, p. 35; Reminiscences of Samuel Rosenman, 1960, CUOHRO, pp. 57-58.

  32 Tugwell, The Democratic Roosevelt, p. 287; FDR Papers, Vol. I, pp. 738-9 FDR Papers, Vol. II, pp. 123, 738-39; Badger, New Deal, pp. 171-72; Freidel, Launching the New Deal, pp. 350-51; Eric F. Gold-man, Rendezvous with Destiny (New York: Alfred A. Knopf, 1952), p. 263; Moley, First New Deal, pp. 326-27; Freidel, Triumph, pp. 106, 332-33.

  33 FDR Papers, Vol. II, p. 123; Moley, First New Deal, pp. 325-29; Koontz and Gable, Public Control, p. 689; New York Times, 4/11/33; Marquerite Owen, The Tennessee Valley Authority (New York: Praeger, 1973), p. 19.

  34 Moley, First New Deal, p. 326 ; Freidel, Launching the New Deal, pp. 350-54; New York Times, 1/22/33, 2/3/33.

  35 Freidel, Triumph, pp. 107, 160; Freidel, Launching the New Deal, 350-51; Moley, First New Deal, pp. 328-30.

  36 Tugwell, Democratic Roosevelt, p. 287; Ickes, Diary, p. 15; Moley, First New Deal, pp. 328-29; FDR Papers, Vol. II, pp. 122-23; Reminiscences of Henry A. Wallace, 1951, CUOHRO, p. 247; New York Times, 4/2/33; New York Times, 4/11/33; New York Times, 4/12/33; New York Times, 4/14/33; New York Times, 4/15/33; New York Times, 5/19/33.

  37 FDR Papers, Vol. II, p. 123; Moley, First New Deal, p. 331; Freidel, Launching the New Deal, pp. 353-54; New York Times, 5/4/33; New York Times, 5/20/33; New York Times, 5/10/33; New York Times, 5/19/33.

  38 Memorandum of Adolf Berle, August 5, 1932, Memoranda from Campaign (Aug. 1932-Aug. 1933), Adolf Berle Papers, FDR Library, p. 3; FDR Papers, Vol. I, p. 682; Moley, After Seven Years, p. 176; Moley, First New Deal, p. 307; Sargent, Roosevelt and the Hundred Days, p. 141; William Lasser, Benjamin V. Cohen: Architect of the New Deal (New Haven: Yale University Press, 2002), p. 71.

  39 Lash, Dealers and Dreamers, p. 130; Moley, After Seven Years, p. 176-78; Moley, First New Deal, pp. 308-9; Freidel, Launching the New Deal, pp. 341-42; New York Time
s, 7/12/13; Time, 4/10/33.

  40 Moley, First New Deal, p. 309; Moley, After Seven Years, pp. 177-78.

  41 Moley, After Seven Years, p. 178; Freidel, Launching the New Deal, p. 343; Sargent, Roosevelt and the Hundred Days, pp. 142-43; Lindley, Roosevelt Revolution, p. 106.

  42 Seligman, Transformation of Wall Street, p. 343; Moley, First New Deal, pp. 309-10; Seligman, Transformation of Wall Street, pp. 54-55; New York Times, 4/1/33; Lash, Dealers and Dreamers, pp. 130-31.

  43 Seligman, Transformation of Wall Street, pp. 57, 61-63; Freidel, Launching the New Deal, p. 347; Lasser, Benjamin V. Cohen, pp. 47-64, 73; Moley, First New Deal, p. 312; Wolfskill and Hudson, All but the People, p. 53.

  44 Works Progress Administration, Washington, p. 664; Lasser, Benjamin V. Cohen, pp. 75-79; Seligman, Transformation of Wall Street, pp. 63-65; Letter of Felix Frankfurter to FDR, April 17, 1933, in PPF 140 Frankfurter, Felix, 1932-April 1933, FDR Library; Telegram of Felix Frankfurter to Raymond Moley, April 15, 1933, Moley Papers, Box 68.

  45 Seligman, Transformation of Wall Street, pp. 65-67; Freidel Launching the New Deal, p. 349; Moley, Diary, May 3, 1933; Sargent, Roosevelt and the Hundred Days, p. 218; New York Times, 5/4/33; New York Times, 5/6/33; Telegram from Felix Frankfurter to Raymond Moley, April 28, 1933, Moley Papers, Box 68; Letter from Senator Joe Robinson to Felix Frankfurter, April 29, 1933, Moley Papers, Box 68; Telegram from Felix Frankfurter to Raymond Moley, May 16, 1933, Moley Papers, Box 68; Seligman, Transformation of Wall Street, 69-70; Lasser, Benjamin V. Cohen, p. 80; New York Times, 4/9/33; Lash, Dealers and Dreamers, p. 135.

  46 Seligman, Transformation of Wall Street, pp. 70-71; New York Times, 5/28/33; Time, 4/10/33; Time, 6/12/33; William O. Douglas, “How Effective Is Securities Regulation,” in Zinn, New Deal Thought, p. 117; Fortune, August, 1933.

  47 Wallace, Democracy Reborn, p. 40; Schlesinger, Coming of the New Deal, p. 46; Culver and Hyde, American Dreamer, pp. 119, 127; Peek and Crowther, Why Quit Our Own, pp. 104-5; Wallace, New Frontiers, pp. 161, 168-70, 190.