Defiant Brides
Page 28
Charlotte, Queen of England, 135, 174
Charming Nancy, The (privateer), 42, 48, 51, 73
Chastellux, François-Jean de, 17, 108, 117, 129, 205
Chesapeake (American frigate), 173
Chew, Benjamin, 13
Chew, Nancy, 65
Chew, Peggy (Peggy’s friend), 5, 10, 13, 65–66
Chew family, 167
Chipman, Elizabeth Hazen, 155
Chipman, Ward, 156, 158
ciphers, 64, 66–67
City Tavern (Philadelphia), 5, 44
Clement, William L., 211
Clinton, George, 141, 146
Clinton, Henry, 9, 14, 39, 82; admiration for André, 63; agreements to pay Arnold, 76, 81, 175–176; attempts to save André, 114–115; attempts to win over mutineers, 123; commendation of Arnold, 126; defense of André, 113; demands upon Arnold, 67; forbids André to wear disguise, 92; orders Arnold to Connecticut, 125–126; orders Arnold to Virginia, 122; on Peggy’s pension from George III, 135; promotes André, 70–71; rejects prisoner exchange, 114; wartime papers of, 211–212; wary of Arnold’s reliability, 80–81, 119–120
Clinton, Sarah, 141
Clinton, William, 58, 67
Cobb, David, 183, 195, 197
Cochran, John, 124
Cochran, Gertrude Schuyler, 124
Coffin, Paul, 183
Columbian Centinel (Boston newspaper), 183, 198
Common Sense (Paine), 11
Confiscation Act of 1778, 149
Congress (American frigate), 173
Constellation (American frigate), 173
Constitution, U.S., 159
Constitutional Convention, 159
Constitution “Old Ironsides” (American frigate), 173
Continental army: alarm raised about Arnold’s defection, 103; attack on Germantown, 14; calls for strike, 143–144; camp followers of, 32–33; defeats in New York, 28; dispute over back pay, 142, 143–144; mutiny of 1781, 118–119, 122–123; on news of Arnold’s treason, 107; ordered to Peekskill, 124; in Philadelphia, 41; prisoners slaughtered by British, 126; retreat across Hudson River, 29; strengthening of, 37, 39; at Valley Forge, 7, 14, 33; winter encampment in Middlebrook, 55; wretched condition of, 87, 118
Continental Congress, 70; authorization to seize Ticonderoga, 22; on charges against Arnold, 52–53; closure of Philadelphia shops, 42, 43; declines to pay soldiers, 143; disapproval of Arnold, 49; lack of support for army, 29; reluctance to promote Arnold, 30
Copley, John Singleton, 150
Cornwallis (British ship), 9
Cornwallis, Charles, 122, 138, 188; flight to England, 130–131; surrender of, 130; at Yorktown, 125, 127, 129
court-martial of André, 113–114
court-martial of Arnold: announced by Washington, 60; Arnold acquitted, 72–73; Arnold urges new date for, 67–68; postponements of, 61–62, 64–65, 67, 71–72; reconvened in January 1780, 72; requested by Arnold, 51–52; sentenced to reprimand, 73
Coxe, Daniel, 201, 204
Custis, Eleanor Calvert “Nelly,” 129
Custis, John Parke “Jacky,” 129
Cutts, Anna, 185
Daily Advertiser (London newspaper), 133, 135
“dancing assemblies,” 74
Dartmouth College Medical School, 199–200
Daughters of the American Revolution, 208
Davis, Matthew, 108
“Dead March,” 116
Deane, Silas, 73
DeBlois, Elizabeth “Betsy,” 30, 31, 35, 46, 107
Derby School, 169, 170, 173
“disaffected” Philadelphians, 43–44
Dobbs Ferry, NY, 81
Dorchester Heights (Boston), 24
Drinker, Elizabeth, 7, 15, 70; on Continental army in Philadelphia, 41; on curfew in Philadelphia, 42; on disease in Philadelphia, 172; on Mischianza, 14
Duer, William, 161, 165, 170
Dunton, Ebenezer, 171
Dutch Reformed Church, 59
East India Company, 138
Eastport Sentinel (Maine newspaper), 205–206
Eaton, Cyrus, 185
Edward (British ship), 133
Ellet, Elizabeth, 168, 205–206
Ellison, John, 141
Essay on Public Happiness, An (Chastellux), 117
Eustis, William, 96, 97
Evening Mail (London newspaper), 175
Eyre, Edmund, 126
Familiar Letters on Public Characters and Public Events (Sullivan), 205
Fitch, Ann, 133, 190, 200
Fitch, Samuel, 191
Fitch, Sarah, 133, 190
Fitch, William, 133
Flucker, Thomas (Lucy’s brother), 20, 145; death of, 151; on Waldo Patent, 149, 150, 166
Flucker, Hannah (Lucy’s sister). See Urquart, Hannah
Flucker, Hannah (née Waldo) (Lucy’s mother): abandoned in Halifax, 27–28; death of, 152; disapproval of Henry, 19; interest in Waldo Patent, 149, 150, 171; unconventional behavior of, 20
Flucker, Lucy. See Knox, Lucy (née Flucker)
Flucker, Sallie (Lucy’s half-sister), 20
Flucker, Sarah (née Lyons) (Lucy’s sister-in-law), 145, 166, 168
Flucker, Thomas (Lucy’s father): death of, 145; disapproval of Henry, 19; estate of, 145, 149; salary from British government, 27–28
Flucker family, 20; absence from Lucy’s wedding, 20; disapproval of Henry Knox, 19; flight from Boston, 24–25, 27; mansion looted, 25; urged to reconcile with Lucy, 145; Waldo Patent as inheritance of, 145, 149
food supplies: Philadelphia food riot, 69–70; shortages, 69, 73–74
Fort Arnold, 121
Fort Clinton, 121
Fort George, 146
Fort Griswold massacre, 126
Fort Ticonderoga, 22, 23–24
Fowler, Henry Thatcher (Knox great-grandson), 208
Fox, Charles James, 175
Franco-American alliance, 56–58, 87, 119, 125
Franklin, Benjamin, 4, 57
Franks, Becky (later Johnston), 5; on drabness of patriot women, 44; on dullness of New York ladies, 123; on licentiousness of British officers, 8; on Peggy’s popularity in London, 138; on social life under British, 6
Franks, David Salisbury, 31; attempts to calm Peggy, 96; duties as Arnold’s aide de camp, 41–42, 47; as Peggy’s escort and guard, 82, 83, 106, 108; suspicious of Arnold, 89, 90, 93; witness at Arnold’s court-martial, 71
Fraunces Tavern, 146
Freeman’s Farm, battle of, 34
Gage, Thomas, 20
Galloway, Grace, 65, 69
Gates, Horatio, 34, 42, 143
“gender hop,” 141
Gentleman’s Magazine, 9, 10, 14, 191
George III, King, 135
Gerard, Conrad Alexandre, 44, 45
Germain, George, 14, 120, 137
Gerry, Elbridge, 23–24, 144
Godey’s Lady’s Book, 206
Goldsmith, Oliver, 24
Grasse, Francois Joseph Paul de, 125
Great Britain: Arnold’s flight to, 130–131, 133; contempt for Arnold, 136–137; crumbling of Tory government, 137; Howe’s return to, 8–9; opposition to American war, 136, 137; Parliament, 136–137, 138; Thomas Flucker’s salary from, 27–28
“Great Chain” at West Point, 76
Greene, Caty (Lucy’s friend), 25, 26, 31, 57, 59
Greene, William, 73
Greene, Nathanael, 16, 17, 26, 31, 37, 40, 49, 57, 143; announcement of Arnold’s treason, 104; on army’s distress at Valley Forge, 33; on blizzards of 1779–1780, 73; on death of Knox daughter, 59; distrust of Reed, 42–43; on fortunes of war, 125; growing army of, 122; ordered to apologize for his soldiers, 74; ordered to West Point, 103; parley with Gen. Clinton, 115; presides at André’s trial, 113; request for aid to army, 118; on Sarah Winslow as “hussy,” 56
Grey, Charles “No Flint,” 177
Greyhound (British schooner), 114–115
Griswold, Rufus, 159–160, 161
hair styles: under Br
itish occupation, 6–7; Lucy Knox’s odd styles, 108, 117, 160
Hamilton, Alexander, 57, 114, 172; on André’s humility, 115; Arnold’s betrayal and, 95, 97; on Peggy’s distress at Arnold’s treachery, 99–100; witness at Arnold’s court-martial, 71
Hamilton, Andrew, 165
Hammond, A. S., 4
Hancock, John, 150
Haverstraw Bay, New York, 89, 91–93
Hawke, Lord, 175
Hawthorne, Nathaniel, 207
Hayt, Munson, 154, 155, 156, 158
Heath, Mary, 32
Heath, William, 32
Henry Knox Chapter of the Daughters of the American Revolution, 208
Hermitage, 83, 108, 109
Hero (British ship), 150
Higginson, Stephen, 159
Holmes, John, 206
House of the Seven Gables (Hawthorne), 207
Howe, Robert, 71, 88
Howe, William: army’s allegiance to, 8–9, 14; awed by Ticonderoga cannons, 24; departure for London, 4; evacuation of Boston, 24; fondness for luxury, 8; Mischianza given in honor of, 9–11, 14; occupation of Boston, 25; Philadelphia captured by, 3–4, 7, 12, 33; seizure of Verplanck’s Point, 58; victories of, 33
Huddy, Joshua, 140–141
Huntington, Samuel, 70, 73
Hussar (British battleship), 9
inaugural ball, first, 161
Ingersoll family, 167
“interlining,” 64, 65
international laws of war, 114, 115
Irvine, William, 74
Jackson, Henry, 40, 42, 153, 168, 171, 173, 180, 185, 186
Jameson, John, 105
Jay, John, 43, 60, 112
Jefferson, Thomas, 144, 161, 166
Johnson, Samuel, 60
Johnston, Becky. See Franks, Becky
Johnston, Henry, 138
John Vassal House, 22
Junto Club, 4
Knox, Augusta Henrietta (daughter), 170, 183
Knox, Caroline (daughter), 152, 160
Knox, Caroline II (daughter): birth of, 165, 166; death of, 208; marriages of, 199, 206; moves into Montpelier, 207–208
Knox, Eliza Taylor Reed (daughter-in-law), 196
Knox, George Washington (son), 160, 162
Knox, George Washington II (son), 162, 165, 166, 183
Knox, Henry, 16, 40, 41, 95, 97; John André and, 13, 23, 112, 113; appearance, 17, 18, 39, 161; appointments and promotions, 140, 141, 150–151; on battle of Yorktown, 52; Benedict Arnold and, 50, 52, 71, 112; on British attacking New York, 26; building of Montpelier, 171, 179–180; business enterprises of, 181, 185; congenial personality, 17, 19, 117, 181, 185, 195; at crossing of Delaware River, 29; death of, 197, 198; devotion to Lucy, 124–125, 193; disapproval of cards and games, 168; on disease in Philadelphia, 172–173; dismissal of troops, 147; efforts to procure aid for army, 118–119; elected to Massachusetts General Court, 195; enormous appetite of, 28; establishes military school, 55–56; establishment of navy and, 173; fears for Lucy’s safety, 26, 32; financial reversals, 144–145, 149, 150, 151, 174, 185–186, 195; fortifications at Roxbury, 21; grand lifestyle of, 159; grief at children’s deaths, 142, 143, 167, 183, 194; home on the Bowery, 151–152; improving fortunes of, 196–197; infatuation with Lucy, 17, 19; lack of letters from Lucy, 32; mansion in Philadelphia, 165; march through New York City, 145–146; on Native Americans, 162, 166, 172; orders cannon to secure West Point, 103; plans to retire, 170, 173; posthumous honors, 205, 208; predictions for battle of Yorktown, 127–128; radical politics of, 19; re-burial in Thomaston, 208; as secretary of war, 161, 166, 169, 171–172, 173; seizure of Ticonderoga cannons, 22, 23–24; on Shays’s Rebellion, 153; Society of the Cincinnati and, 144, 179; warns Lucy about discretion, 29–30; wedding to Lucy, 20; worries about sick family, 58–59, 67. See also Waldo Patent
Knox, Henry Jackson “Hal” (son), 127; birth of, 74; checkered life of, 206–207; death of, 207; in debtor’s prison, 199; enrolls in medical school, 199–200; Henry’s regard for, 117; marriage of, 196; naval service, 186–187, 195; travels with his father, 193; unrestrained behavior of, 169–170, 173–174, 195–196
Knox, James Robertson (son), 125
Knox, Julia (daughter), 58–59, 74
Knox, Julia II (daughter), 150, 187, 194
Knox, Lucy (daughter), 25, 35; birth of, 24; at boarding school, 127, 142; children of, 196, 197; contracts infectious hepatitis, 58, 59; on her mother, 168, 205–206; marriage to Ebenezer Thatcher, 196; Montpelier and, 180, 207–208; on Sarah Flucker, 166; on uncertainty in parents’ lives, 128
Knox, Lucy (née Flucker), 16; appearance, 31, 39; childish outbursts by, 128, 129, 194; contracts infectious hepatitis, 58; courtship and wedding, 17, 20; delivers stillborn child, 187; departure from Connecticut, 29–30; dependence on Henry, 21, 125, 168–169, 193; entertains Rochefoucauld, 181–182; estrangement from family, 20; extended stay at Mount Vernon, 127–128; fears for Henry’s safety, 22–23, 172; flight to Watertown, 20–21; grief at deaths of children, 59, 142–143, 167, 183–184, 187; grief at Henry’s death, 197, 198; home in Newburgh, New York, 141; homes in Boston, 147, 149, 151; illness and death of, 200; inaccurate biographies of, 205–206; increasing girth of, 160–161; indulgence of son Hal, 169–170; insistence on elite lifestyle, 186; jolted by news of Arnold’s treason, 107–108; lavish entertainments by, 141, 160, 161, 167–168, 180, 184–185; leaves New York, 26–27; matchmaking for Caroline, 199; in Middlebrook, New Jersey, 55–56; obsession with cards and chess, 168, 184–185; odd hair styles of, 108, 117, 160; orders cemetery removed, 184; pregnancies, 21, 56, 60, 72, 74, 121, 124, 143, 167; quarrels with Henry, 25, 27, 28, 32, 151–152, 194–195; re-burial in Thomaston, 208; religious differences from Henry, 194; resented for self-importance, 161, 181, 182; reunions with Henry, 25–26, 55, 147; sale of parents’ home, 31; separations from Henry, 21, 22–23, 25, 124; as social leader, 74, 159–160; at Valley Forge, 35, 37; “variolation” against smallpox, 31–32
Knox, Marcus Bingham (son), 173, 183
Knox, Marcus Camillus (son), 130, 140
Knox, Marcus Camillus II (son), 145, 167
Knox, William (Henry’s brother), 19, 26, 28, 37, 50, 117; death of, 182; help to Henry in business, 144–145, 150, 151; Lucy’s dependence on, 25; relays news of Lucy’s family, 27
Knox, William (Henry’s father), 19
Knox and Lincoln Railroad, 208
Knox Memorial Association, 208
Knyphausen, Wilhelm von, 9
Lafayette, Marquis de, 14, 39, 146, 180; Arnold’s treachery and, 95, 97, 99; at the Chesapeake, 123, 125; on William Knox’s illness, 150
Lamb, John, 89
Lauderdale, Lord (James Maitland), 174–175
Laurence, John, 113–114
Laurens, Henry, 57
Ledyard, William, 126
Lee, Henry “Lighthorse,” 12
Lee, Francis Lightfoot (Peggy’s uncle), 12
Lee, Charles, 21
Lee, Henry, 60
Lee, Richard Henry (Peggy’s uncle), 12
Letters, Sentences and Maxims (decorum book), 61
Levy, Hannah, 48
Life of George Washington (Marshall), 205
Lincoln, Benjamin, 125, 129, 130, 143, 159
Lindner, Vincent, 211
Livingston, Robert R., 43, 77, 80
Livingston Manor, 124
Logan, Sarah “Sally,” 7, 8, 39–40
London Chronicle, 14, 133
London Times, 191
Lord Middlebrook (ship), 139, 154
Lord Sheffield (ship), 154
Lord Spencer (ship), 190
Loring, Elizabeth, 8
Louis-Joseph Xavier François, dauphin of France, 141
Loyalist Claims Commission, 138
Loyalists: contempt for Arnold, 137, 138; Flucker family as, 20; friends of Arnolds in London, 133; Judge Shippen as, 11, 12; in New Brunswick, 154; “Tory rides,” 26
Mabie, Casparus, 112
Mabie’s Tavern, 112, 115, 116
Madison, Dolley, 185
Maitland, James (Lord Lauderdale), 174–175
Marshall, John, 205
Marshall, Christopher, 7
Martin, Joseph Plumb, 33, 128
Martin, Joseph, 74
Masters-Penn House, 43, 63, 71, 72, 75, 167
Matlack, Timothy, 71
Matlack, William, 47, 48, 71
McKean, Sally, 167
McKonkey’s Ferry, 29
McKoy, (Mrs.), 8
Mease, James, 43
Memoirs of Aaron Burr (Davis), 108
Middleton, Nathaniel, 191
Military Journal of the American Revolution (Thacher), 198
military school: established by Knox, 55–56
“millinery letter,” 68, 109
Mischianza, 4; disapproval of, 14, 44; festivities described, 9–10; Peggy’s appearance at, 10–11
Mitchell, John, 48, 71, 72
“Monk, Gustavus.” See Arnold, Benedict
Monmouth, Battle of, 83
Monroe, James, 83
Montgomery, Richard, 23
Monticello, 179
Montpelier, 183, 199; building of, 171, 179–180; constant entertaining at, 184–185; deterioration of, 200, 207–208; family life at, 186; replica of, as museum, 208
Morning Herald and Daily Advertiser (London newspaper), 137
Morning Post (London newspaper), 191
Morris, Gouverneur, 43, 140, 142, 143
Morris, Mary White, 45, 79
Morris, Robert, 43, 45, 69, 70, 79, 112
Morris family, 167
Mount Pleasant, 53, 138–139
Mount Vernon, 127–128, 172, 179
Murray, John, 20
mutiny in Continental army, 118–119, 122–123
Newburgh Address, 143
New Haven Gazette and Connecticut Magazine, 153
New London, Connecticut, 126–127
New London Bookstore, 17, 25, 150
New Royal Military College, 203
New York City: attacks on, 26, 28, 87; British departure for, 41; British evacuation of, 145–146; Peggy’s social life in, 123–124; Washington’s march through, 145–146
Norris Tavern, 71, 72
North, Lord Frederick, 137
“Ode Addressed to General Arnold” (“Lady Craven”), 136
Odell, Jonathan, 63
Of the Social Contract (Rousseau), 186
“Old Ironsides,” 173
Osgood, Samuel, 142, 147
Otis, Harrison Gray, 181, 194
Paca, Nancy, 6
Paine, Thomas, 11
Parliament, British, 136–137, 138
patriots: disgust for Quakers, 4–5; drabness of women, 44; exodus from Philadelphia, 7; fear of, in Philadelphia, 39–40; Neddy Shippen’s capture by, 12–13; Peggy ill-treated by, 107, 157; scorn for “disaffected,” 43–44; suspicious of Shippen, 11; view of flirtations with British officers, 6