Mummies, Cannibals and Vampires: The History of Corpse Medicine From the Renaissance to the Victorians
Page 67
Curzon, Henry 228
Daborne, Robert, A Christian Turned Turk 208
Dannenfeldt, Karl H. 3, 11, 12, 259
Darius, King 118
Davenant, William 126
Davies, Sir John 102, 162
Dawson, W.R. 72
de Conti, Prince 64
death 140–43, 182–83, 213; violent 35, 77–89, 91, 129, 181, 182, 184–88, 192–93, 205, 229, 234, 235, 253, 266–67
Dee, John 144–45
Dekker, Thomas 208
della Porta, Gianbattista 41, 180
Democritus 10
Denis, Jean-Baptiste 111–12
Dennys, Nicholas, Folklore of China 83
Dervishi, Dr Lutfi 288
Desault, J.P. 233
Dewhurst, Kenneth 61
diarrhoea 13, 15
Digby, Sir Kenelm 269, 270; Choice and Experimented Receipts in Physic and Surgery 57
Dirty Pretty Things (film) 287
disgust 153, 250–52, 264; cemeteries 158–59; civic/personal hygiene 155–58; and filth 151–71; hospitals/sickrooms 159; mind over matter 163–71; and prisons 160–61; sensory invasion 161–63
Dispensatory 230
Dixon, Robert, Canidia, or, The Witches 223–24
Dodoens, Rembert 25
Donne, Ann 141
Donne, John 28, 29, 33–36, 48, 75, 141, 160, 169, 172–73, 176, 178, 182, 200; An Anatomy of the World 33–34; Biathanatos 34; Devotions on Emergent Occasions 34, 36, 169; Ignatius his Conclave 34; ‘Love’s Alchemy’ 26, 33; ‘The Relic’ 97
Dormer, Anne 64
Dósza, George 127–28
drowning 187–88
Dryden, John, Sir Martin Mar-All 218, 221
Du Bartas, Guillaume de Saluste 216
Duchesne, Joseph 24
Duff, James 164
Duffet, Thomas, Psyche Debauched 221
Dumont, Jean 69, 72
D’Urfey, Thomas, The Fond Husband 218–19
Earthrace 284
Edgehill, Battle of (1642) 101
Egyptian mummies 2, 4, 11, 14, 16, 22–23, 30, 53, 65, 134, 197, 206, 207, 211, 230, 256–57; Arabian sand mummies 72–74, 230; embalming of 11–12, 22, 23, 67, 179, 213, 214–15, 260–61; Jewish view of 188–89; Renaissance attitude towards 67–72; and the soul 178–79; trade in 74–77, 213–14; see also mummies
Eighty Years War (1568–1648) 100
Elias, Norbert 156
Eliot, George, The Mill on the Floss 56
Elizabeth I 25, 29, 90, 103, 148, 155, 157
Elizabethan England 22–26, 233, 235
Elkes, Richard, Approved Medicines of Little Cost 39
Ellis, Roger 43
Elmer, Peter 44, 46
Elworthy, Frederick 275, 277
endo-cannibalism 4, 114, 119, 115–20
Enlightenment 6–7, 252, 254–55, 256
Eno, Brian 131
epilepsy 9–11, 13, 22, 23, 24, 35, 38–39, 45, 46, 53–54, 56, 57, 58, 61, 78–81, 110, 137–38, 180, 186, 228, 230, 235, 236, 258, 267, 268, 270
Erasmus, Desiderius 156
Essedones 118, 124
Essex, Earl of 101
Estienne, Charles 28; Maison Rustique 28, 31–32, 165
European cannibalism 116, 282–83; the raw and the cooked 130–34; religion 129–30; social hierarchy 127–29
Evans, Elizabeth 89
Evans, Richard J. 79, 80, 83, 85, 90, 92, 180, 236
Evelyn, John 143, 145–46, 158, 160
Everard, Giles 167
Everard, John 50
Everard, Thomas 30
excrement (dung, turds, shit) 5, 11, 25, 38, 136, 146, 148, 152, 154, 155, 156–57, 164–68, 169, 199, 205, 226, 227, 251, 265, 266
executions 91, 129, 234, 277, 291; France, Italy and Britain 84–87; Germanic/ Scandinavian countries 77–83; infamy and magic 87–89
exo-cannibalism 5, 114, 124, 120–24, 128
eye complaints 5, 10, 25, 45, 55, 137, 152, 164
Fair Maid of the Inn, The (John Fletcher) 76
Family Magazine, The (1747) 63
famine cannibalism 131, 132, 213
Fane, Sir Francis, Love in the Dark 223; The Sacrifice 221–23, 241
Featley, Daniel 29–31, 104, 189
female medical practitioners 54–55
Fernández de Oviedo, Gonzalo 125
Fernel, Jean 136
Ferrari, Giovanni 84
Ficino, Marsilio 19, 33, 110, 111, 119, 168, 181, 182, 206, 289
Fijian cannibals 122, 183
filth 151–55, 163
Fioravanti, Leonardo 19, 43, 166, 180
Fiorevanti, Giovanni 127
fish bait 28, 231
Fissell, Mary 55
Fitzgerald, Gerald 102
Floyer, Sir John 215–16
Fludd, Robert 91, 92, 106–7, 110, 183–84, 192, 193, 194, 266, 278
Fontaine, Guy de la 76, 77
Forman, Simon 25, 184
Fortescue, William 32
Foster, William 207
Fourcroy, Comte Antoine-François de 233
Fox, George 102
Foxe, Simeon 36
Francis I 21
Fraser, Antonia 2
Frears, Stephen 287
Frederick IV 137
Freke, Elizabeth 54
French, John 62, 64, 97, 188, 193–94, 257, 286; The Art of Distillation 44–46
Frost, Kate 35–36
Fuchs, Leonhard 20, 21, 24, 204
Fuel, human fat as 284
Fuller, Thomas 6, 177, 189, 194, 211–14, 226, 245; Good Thoughts in Worse Times 212
Fumerton, Patricia 86
funerary cannibalism 114–18
Furdell, Elizabeth Lane 155
Galen, Claudius 9, 11
Gall, Franz Joseph 96, 104
garlic 139, 166
Garnet, Henry 236
Garrick, David 249
Gascoigne, George 100
Gauden, John 125
Gay, John 247; Three Hours after Marriage 241 –43
Gell, Alfred 8
Gentleman’s Magazine, The 275
Geoffroy, M 168
George II 230
George III 248, 274
Georgian period 257; cannibal priest in 235–37; corpse medicine whitewashed from medical history 255–63; corpse trade 237–38; and human fat 231–34; literary references to corpse medicines/mummies 238–41; medical profession 247–50; mummies on stage 241–45; persistence of corpse medicine 228–38; reason, disgust and enlightenment 245–55; superstition 252–55
Gerard of Cremona 12
Gerard, John 15
Gesner, Conrad 12, 24; Treasure of Euonymus 204–5
gibbets 89–90, 158, 267
Gilbert, Humphrey 102–3
gladiators 9–10
Goclenius, Rudolph 40, 185
Goddard, Jonathan 2
Goodyer, Henry 33
Gordon-Grube, Karen 76, 229
gout 13, 15, 21, 25, 35, 42, 45, 46, 55, 56, 106, 107, 110, 137, 166, 203, 206, 226, 232, 235
Gray, Thomas 248
Greaves, John 69, 179, 183, 218
Grey, Elizabeth, Countess of Kent 54, 55, 59, 165
Grey, Henry 54
Grimeston, Edward 99
Grose, Francis 254; A Provincial Glossary, with a Collection of Local Proverbs and Popular Superstitions 254
Grosse, Karl, Memoirs of the Marquis of Grosse 280
Grübel, Bastian 274
Guarani of Paraguay 121
Guardian newspaper 287
Gubbins, Martin Richard 285
Guiaca Indians 117
Guthrie, Douglas, History of Medicine 255–56
Gutiero, Andreas 166
Guy, Richard 232
haemorrhoids 15, 35, 36
Haggard, Howard Wilcox 256, 261–63
hair 1, 19, 25, 45, 53, 56, 66, 84, 85, 86, 117, 179, 196, 235, 258; see also red hair
Hakluyt, Richard 24, 76, 208
Hall, John 16, 22, 22–23, 32,
72, 73, 74, 91, 233
Hall, Joseph, bishop of Exeter 125
Hally, Edmund 92
Hardy, Thomas, ‘The Withered Arm’ 266
Hare, William 285, 288
Harkness, Deborah E. 25
Hart, James 207, 278
Hartley, Daniel 3
Hartman, George 57
Harvey, William 91, 170
Hastings, Henry 155
Hawes, Charlie 117
hawk medicines 26–28, 231
heart 57, 71, 115, 128, 130, 185, 187
Heister, Lorenz 231
Helffrich, Johann 74
Henri de Navarre 99
Henri IV 35, 77
Henrietta-Maria, Queen 196–97
Henry, John 50
Henry VII 140
Henry VIII 155
Hernandez, Oscar Rafael 286
Herodotus 118
Herrera, Antonio 106, 107
Herwig, H.M. 112
Heyrick, Thomas 133
Hibbert, Christopher 65
Higgins, Jenna 284
Hildegard of Bingen 137, 180, 269
Hill, John 229, 247, 249, 252, 258; The Actor 249; Materia Medica 246; Useful Family Herbal 246
History of the Caribby Islands (1666) 132–33
Hoby, Mary (later Mary Vere) 54
Hoffman, W.J. 266
Holme, Leonard 164
Honan, Park 138, 148
Honest Man’s Fortune, The (Field and Fletcher) 208
Hooke, Robert 57
Horner, William Anderson 89
Horrid Mysteries (1796) 280
household medicines 53–57
Howell, James 196–97
Hugh of Lincoln 199
human candles 273–78, 285
human fat 7, 15, 20, 25, 28, 35, 36, 41, 44, 57, 65–66, 83, 84, 91, 99, 105–10, 128, 196, 203, 230, 231–34, 257, 258, 265, 269, 273–78, 284–85
human-animal transfer 47–48
Hunter, Michael 62
Hunter, William 18, 288
Huron 4, 8, 121, 122, 132, 141, 203, 290
Hutchence, Michael 186
Hutus 123
hygiene 153, 155–58, 264
Ibn Serapion the younger 12
illness 147–48
Infessura, Stefano 17, 18, 120
Innocent VIII, Pope 9, 17–22, 55, 120, 234, 290
insects 150–51
Interregnum 38–40, 43
Irish Massacre (1641) 103–5, 274
Iroquois 121, 122, 130
Irvine, Christopher 43, 46–50, 111, 139, 182, 192
Jacobus of Toledo 13
James I 1, 28, 35, 36, 40, 141, 155, 156, 206, 208
James, Robert 232–33; Medicinal Dictionary 232; Pharmacopoeia Universalis: or, a New Universal English Dispensatory 245–46
James, William 247–48; The Doctor the Disease 248
jaundice 46, 62, 110, 165, 166
Jenner, Edward 140
Jerome of Brunswick 16, 19
Jerome, St 168
Jews 18, 188–89, 193
Johnson, Samuel 254, 258; Dictionary 246, 247, 253
Johnson, William 38
Jones, Colin 258
Jones, John 136
Jonson, Ben 29; Masque of Queens 89, 273; Poetaster 75, 217; Volpone 91, 208
Julius II, Pope 126
Kanner, Leo 81, 138, 228
Kar, James 164
Karenburg, Axel 10, 267
Kassell, Lauren 25
Keeble, N.H. 147
Keezer, William S. 256, 257
Keill, James 228, 262
Keogh, John 235–37, 260, 268–69, 290
Kettilby, Mary 266
King, Sir Edmund 229
King’s Drops (or ‘Goddard’s Drops’) 45, 64–66, 228–29, 266
Kingsley, Charles 102; Hereward the Wake 273, 277
Kinsale, Battle of (1601) 103
Kitchiner, William 266
Knox, Dr Robert 288
ko ku (or ko kan) treatments 117–18
Korn, Daniel 117
Kotzebue, August von, Poverty and Nobleness of Mind 231
Krafft-Ebbing, Richard von, Psychopathia Sexualis 281
Kramer, Henrich 18
Krautz, Julius 89
Kruse, Johann 271
la Faveur, Matte 165
La Primaudaye, Pierre de 176
Ladies’ Friend and Family Physical Library 232
Lancet, The (1847) 267
Lanfranc of Milan 12
Laporte, Dominique 164, 168
Largus 10
le Beau, Mathurin 205
Le Bras, Gabriel 98
Leblanc, Vincent 72–73, 179
leeches 110
Lefebvre, Nicasius 2, 185
Leigh, William 125
Lémery, Nicolas 195
Leominster, Lord 238
Leong, Elaine 54, 55
leprosy 46, 199–200, 206
Léry, Jean de 129, 132
Lestringant, Frank 5, 120–21, 129, 132
Lévi-Strauss, Claude 5, 130–31
Lewis, Paul 287–88, 289, 291
life force see soul
Lily, John 43
Lipotechnica 284
Lister, Martin 64
liver 1, 10, 44, 115, 118, 123, 137, 253
Liverpool Mercury (1847) 267
living bodies as medicine 48–50
Lloyd, L. 81
Locke, John 61, 64, 111, 191–92
Logan, Dr James 285–86
London Pharmacopeia (1746) 257
London Standard (1899) 265
Louis XIV 65, 112, 160
Louis XVI 85
love potions 278–83
Loving Enemies, The (Lewis Maidwell) 219
Lowe, Peter 24
Lowery, Shearon 186
lungs 13, 185
Lusitanus, Amatus 151
Maastricht, siege of (1579) 100
MacSwinney, Owen 249
McTurk, Rory 154
magic see superstition
magical cannibalism 7, 119, 126
Magnus, St Albertus 12–13, 19, 180, 190, 204
Majno, Guido 10
Malleus Maleficarum (Kramer & Sprenger) 18
Manningham, John 145, 146, 162
Mapletoft, Dr John 64
Maram, Jimon 116
Marguerite de Valois 99
Markham, Gervase, The English Housewife 54
Marlowe, Christopher 222; Dr Faustus 174
Marryat, Horace 81
Marsinius the Thracian 9
Marston Moor, Battle of (1644) 101, 159
Martenson, Robert 58
Marty, Dick 288
Mary II, Queen 64
Massinger, Philip, The Bond-Man 29
Mather, Cotton 152
Matthiolus, 24
Mattioli, Pier Andrea 25
May, Edward 178
Mayerne, Sir Theodore Turquet de 35–36, 77, 147, 185, 206; Praxeos Mayerniae 253; Treatise of the Gout 35
medical ethics 251
medical profession 247–50
Medici, Giovanni de 143
Medici, Giuliano 17
Medici, Lorenzo 17
medicinal cannibalism 1–2, 5, 12, 117–18, 154 et passim; concluding remarks 283–91; persistence of 265–72; popular culture 266–72; semi-official use 265–66
medicine; civic and personal hygiene 155–58; filth 151–55; hand of death 140–43; ingredients 135–37, 139, 143, 144; mites and insects 150–51; stench 158–63; surgery 143–47; teeth 148–49; worms 149–50
Meiwes, Armin 116, 282–83
Mejia, Jorge 105
Menochio, G.S. 132
menstrual blood 11, 25, 53, 138, 169, 236
Mercier, Louis-Sébastien 161
Mercurius Pragmaticus 38
Meres, Francis 134
Meyers, Jeffrey 186
Middle Ages 11–12
Middleton, Thomas, The Witch 273
migraine and headache 13, 23, 55, 58, 61, 63, 110, 147, 254, 266
Mildmay, Grace 54
Miletus 10
Miller, James 247; The Mother-in-Law 243–45, 248–49
Miller, William, The Anatomy of Disgust 5, 153
Milligan, Stephen 186
Mitchell, Dr Arthur 268
Moffett, Thomas 10, 35, 151, 206
Molière, Le Malade Imaginaire 243
Molina, Cristóbal de 106
Monck, Colonel 104
Montagna, Bartholomew 16
Montaigne, Michel de, ‘On Cannibals’ 129, 205
Montet, Guillin de 129
Moog, Ferdinand 10, 267
Morales, José Israel 287
Morea, René 136
Morland, Sir Samuel 226–27
Morning Chronicle 231–32, 233
Mortimer, Thomas 110
Moryson, Fynes 81–82, 87–88, 90
Moseley, Benjamin 64, 229, 254
Motherby, George 230
Mountford, Thomas 180
mummies 5, 6, 11–12, 144, 173, 230; as artefacts 239–41; curative powers 21–22; fresh corpses 15, 49, 57, 177; hawk 27–28; > in literature/drama 217–27, 241–45; as medicinal 189; mineral pitch 12, 15, 22; Paracelsian 15, 16, 20–21, 33–36, 181–82, 188, 189, 193–95, 218, 260; recipes 16–17, 21, 23, 32, 42–43, 44, 51, 52, 54, 57, 146, 229, 231; sand 72–74, 75, 185, 197, 230; terminology 15–16, 25–26, 40, 75, 253; texture and appearance 22–23; trade in 74–77, 104, 216–17; see also Egyptian mummies
Mundella, Aloysius 204
murder 7, 17, 31, 83, 92, 100, 102–9, 122, 124, 126, 127, 128–29, 177–78, 187, 198, 212–13, 239, 271, 274–76, 282–83, 285, 286, 288
Murga, Felix 105
Murray, W.A. 33
Musgrove, Dr David 3, 261
nails 8, 57, 117, 179
Nashe, Thomas 25–26, 207–8; Christ’s Tears over Jerusalem 25; Have With You to Saffron Walden 26; The Unfortunate Traveller 70
National Biodiesel Board 284
Naubert, Benedict 260; Herman of Unna 254
Nemnich, Philipp Andreas 75
Neri, Philip 162
Neumann, Caspar 252
New Jewel of Health, The 20, 21
New World cannibalism 4–5, 108, 112, 114–25, 126, 132–33, 187, 205; aggressive 120–24; European attitudes toward 124–26, 188; European awareness of 118–20; funerary 115–18; raw/cooked distinction 5, 6
Newton, Isaac 190
Noble, Louise 3, 11
Nolan, Christopher, Memento 170
Nolle, Heinrich 56
non-Christian treatments 9–11
Norden, John, The Labyrinth of Man’s Life 196, 210–11
North, Roger 64–65
nose bleeds 21, 56, 229
Notes and Queries 268
Nutton, Vivian 257
O’Brien, Murrogh 119
O’Connor, Barry 249
O’Deveny, Cornelius, bishop of Down and Connor 87
O’Hara, James 235
O’Malley, C.D. 257, 258
O’Neill, Shane 102
onions 139, 166
opium 146–47
orgasm 175, 186–87, 202
Orokaiva 122