Maiwand and, 94, 272n
open-source, 30, 39, 190, 241n–42n, 251n, 313n, 315n
International Committee of the Red Cross, 58–59
International Security Assistance Force (ISAF), 176–77, 190, 268n, 294n–95n
Internet, 116, 178, 252n, 304n, 317n
Iran, 31, 87, 95, 179, 311n–12n
Afghan refugees in, 73, 210
Iraq, 9, 23–32, 44, 91, 123, 188–89, 242n
anthropology and, 29–31, 37, 118
Ayala’s work in, 81, 137, 144, 152
bombings in, 2, 26–28, 35–37, 88, 162, 240n–41n, 246n–47n, 249n, 273n
casualties in, 27, 31, 35, 139, 162, 167–68, 246n, 310n
counterinsurgency and, 2, 10, 42–43, 252n
cultural intelligence and, 10, 29–31, 35–38, 117, 165, 246n–48n, 250n
Grau’s trip to, 39–40
HTS and, 2, 24, 81–82, 162–65, 167–68, 173–74, 194, 303n–4n, 309n, 316n–17n
insurgency in, 25, 27, 36, 152, 176, 246n, 310n
intelligence and, 37, 180, 241n
Kuwait and, 23, 31
Petraeus and, 42, 83, 120, 268n
technology and, 26–27, 35, 239n, 248n
terrorist-targeting teams in, 176, 252n, 310n
U.S. budget cuts and, 248n, 250n
U.S. nation building in, 36–37, 197, 248n
U.S. stability operations and, 37, 248n, 252n
U.S. troop commitments in, 10, 83, 252n
U.S. wars in, 23–24, 26–29, 37–39, 43, 83, 118, 175–76, 194, 239n, 241n, 246n–49n, 268n, 298n, 313n
women in, 36, 40, 189, 248n
Irbil, 152
Irish Republican Army (IRA), 30, 112–14, 284n
Islam, 43, 45, 71, 80, 91, 116, 120, 137, 163, 179, 188, 191, 215, 243n–44n, 321n
extremists and, 210, 319n
HTS and, 46, 81
Jack Bauer, see Bauer, Jack
Jackson, Andrea, 247n, 250n
Jaffe, Greg, 304n
Jalali, Ali Ahmad, 270n
Johnson, Stefanie, 52–53, 125, 256n
Joint IED Defeat Organization (JIEDDO) and, 35–37, 43, 246n, 249n, 254n
Jorgensen, Joseph, 125, 291n
Justice Department, U.S., 143
Kabul, 12, 59–61, 161, 170–72, 192, 234n, 275n
Ayala and, 78, 80–81, 138
highway between Kandahar and, 82, 267n
Karzai and, 78–81
smog and overcrowding in, 66
violence in, 64, 240n, 270n
Kandahar, 12, 15, 60, 62, 77, 82–87, 134–38, 211, 223, 226, 233n, 263n, 267n–73n, 326n
acid attacks on girls in, 208–10
axe attack in, 207
and British defeat in Maiwand, 269n–70n
Canadians in, 84, 268n, 272n
casualties and, 134–35
highway between Kabul and, 82, 267n
HTS and, 1, 83, 178, 255n, 268n
insurgents in, 87, 135–36, 203, 271n
Karzais and, 78–79, 97
Loyd’s military career and, 7, 56, 59
Provincial Council of, 217–18
Salam and, 200–202, 215–18
U.S. occupation of, 5, 55
and U.S. war in Afghanistan, 86, 271n
Kandahar Airfield, 47, 56, 91, 201, 234n
Ayala’s imprisonment at, 132–33
and Cooper’s interrogation of Afghan detainees, 72–73, 75–76
Kansas, 83, 164–65, 278n
Karzai, Ahmed Wali, 97, 216–17, 278n
Karzai, Hamid, 61, 79–80, 97, 216, 265n
Ayala and, 6, 78–82, 92, 136–38, 145, 152, 265n–66n
background of, 78–79
and casualties in Afghanistan, 134–35
Taliban and, 78–79, 95, 202
Khakrezwal, Mohammad Akram, 271n, 323n
Khik, 270n
Khost, 44–46, 162, 195, 255n, 303n
Kilcullen, David, 117, 120, 287n–88n
Kimbrough v. United States, 298n
Kipling, Rudyard, 119
Kipp, Jacob W.:
cultural intelligence and, 238n, 250n, 316n
Foreign Military Studies Office and, 25, 194, 238n
HTS and, 194, 316n
Soviet-Afghan War and, 238n
technology and, 25, 38, 239n
Koran, 91
Korea, South, 63
Fondacaro’s tour in, 33–34, 245n
Loyd’s tour in, 54–55, 258n–59n
Korean War, 32, 310n
Kuchis, 182
Kunar, 83–84
Kurdistan, 152
Kushk-i-Nakhud, 84, 269n
Kuwait, 23, 31, 139
Lacy, Steve, 177–78, 186, 190–91, 314n–15n
Lala, Hajji (Hajji Ahmadullah), 221–23, 325n
Lalai Dastagiri, Hajji Agha, 202, 320n
Landing, the, 163–66, 168–69
Lang, Stephen James “Banger,” 170–72, 307n
Lashkar Gah, 183, 190, 314n
HTS and, 178–79
Latin America, 102, 122–24, 162
Lawrence, T. E., 101, 120–21
Leatherneck, Camp, 177–80, 186, 189, 192
Leavenworth, Fort Leavenworth, Kans., 25, 303n–4n
HTS training in, 81–82, 90–92, 162–65, 167–68, 177–78, 265n, 307n
Petraeus’s command at, 40, 42, 304n
Weston Resolve and, 164–65
Lévi-Strauss, Claude, 119–20
liberals, liberalism, 43, 112, 163
anthropology and, 118, 285n
Libya, 113
Lincoln Group, 247n
Little Big Horn, battle of, 269n
Lockheed Martin, 72–73
Loeb, Vernon, 246n
London, 114, 116, 143
Los Angeles, Calif., 78, 147, 151, 181
Loyd, Paul, Jr., 48, 53, 55, 156, 160, 255n–59n
Loyd, Paul, Sr., 48–50
Loyd, Paula Gene, 47–67, 72
Afghan children and, 7–8, 11–12, 57, 60
and Afghan women and girls, 56–58, 62–63, 93–94, 226
animal rescue group of, 48–49
anthropology and, 7, 50, 53–54, 56, 125, 256n, 258n
and Arman, 61–63
Army enlistment of, 53–54
attack on, 16–22, 127–33, 135–37, 140, 144, 146, 153, 155, 161, 169, 204–6, 208–9, 211–14, 216–19, 235n–37n, 293n, 301n, 321n–22n, 326n
and Ayala, 8, 18, 82–83, 92, 131, 133, 153, 154–60, 268n, 300n
on Bedouin women, 56–57
Chehel Gazi patrol and, 7–8, 10–11, 13–18, 207, 232n–34n, 293n
childhood and adolescence of, 48–51, 54, 256n
cultural intelligence and, 2, 91, 96, 277n
education of, 1–2, 7, 48–49, 51–56, 59–60, 99, 125, 256n, 258n, 261n
honors thesis of, 53–54, 99, 258n
HTS and, 1–3, 7–8, 10–11, 77–78, 83, 88, 90–98, 125, 161–62, 167–69, 199–200, 214, 217, 235n, 255n, 275n–78n, 298n, 304n–5n, 320n
idealism of, 7, 53, 59, 97, 257n
interpreters used by, 11–14, 16, 94, 96–97, 259n
legacy of, 226
Maiwand and, 7, 13, 23, 83, 85, 89, 91–98, 127–29, 131–32, 145, 200, 215, 217, 221, 274n–76n
medical treatment of, 130–31, 140, 146
military career of, 7, 53–60, 82–83, 258n–61n
Muggeo’s relationship with, 59–60, 64, 66–67, 83, 128–31, 156–57
naming of, 255n
and NATO forces in Afghanistan, 59, 64
and need for cooperation between military and civilian workers, 64–66, 261n
on the partially veiled and partially open, 99
as peacemaker, 48, 255n–56n
physical appearance of, 7–8, 16–18, 48, 50–52, 54, 57, 59–60, 64–65, 69, 128, 130, 140–41, 199–200, 214, 232n–33n, 236n, 256n, 258n, 261n
physical fitness of, 52, 54, 60, 83, 258n
PRTs and, 58–64, 261n
at R
amrod, 69–70, 132
and Research Triangle Institute International, 66–67
and Salam, 127, 133, 137, 144, 146, 154–55, 157, 301n
Wilson Center appearance of, 64–66, 261n
in Zabul, 60–64, 66, 96–97, 161, 261n
Lugar, Richard, 248n
McCain, John, 133, 294n
McCarthy, Bob, 181
McChrystal, Stanley, 32, 175–77, 195, 309n
Afghanistan war assessment of, 176–77, 252n, 310n
on cultural intelligence, 176–77
McCollough, Bill, 187–88, 313n
Mace, George, 163
McFarland, Maxie, 37–38, 238n, 249n
McFate, Montgomery Carlough, 101–18, 200, 279n–86n
anthropology and, 29–31, 43, 101, 105, 112–18, 125–26, 250n, 282n, 284n–86n, 291n, 316n
childhood and adolescence of, 104–10, 112, 126, 282n
cultural intelligence and, 29–31, 35–36, 43–44, 102, 117, 242n–44n, 250n
education of, 29–30, 107–9, 111–16, 120, 125, 280n–81n, 284n
heritage of, 102–4
houseboats and, 104–8, 111–12, 280n–82n
HTS and, 38, 101–2, 120, 124, 193, 196–97, 224–25, 250n, 255n, 316n–17n
intelligence and, 120, 242n, 288n
marriage of, 115–17
mother of, 102–9, 111–12, 280n
ONR and, 29, 116–17, 243n
physical appearance of, 29, 108, 112
research on Northern Ireland of, 112–14, 116, 284n
and revision of counterinsurgency doctrine, 43–44, 253n
survival instincts of, 110–11
on war, 107, 112, 114–16, 118
and Wilson, 108–9, 196–97
McGlaughlin, Kevin P., 260n–61n
McKiernan, David, 83, 134, 268n
firing of, 175, 310n
McWilliams, Richard H., 301n
Maiwand, 82–99, 172–73, 203–11, 213–18, 220–24, 232n–35n, 269n–76n, 296n, 307n
Amir Mohammad and, 211, 215
Army and, 5–7, 9, 87–88, 90, 92, 94, 97, 207, 224, 232n, 235n, 272n–74n
and attack on Loyd, 127–29, 213–14
Ayala and, 23, 82, 88–89, 91–94, 97–98, 127–28, 131, 133, 135, 137, 153, 156, 159, 221, 273n–74n
bandits in, 95–96, 209, 323n
bazaar in, 97–98, 141, 200, 207–8, 214, 218, 232n, 319n, 321n
bombings and, 14, 88, 90, 94, 96, 99, 141, 201, 210, 221–23, 273n, 297n–98n
children in, 95, 98–99
drug trade and, 86, 91
education in, 95, 98
Great Britain and, 84–85, 269n–70n
HTS and, 23, 82–83, 85, 88–98, 169, 172, 178, 223–24, 255n, 265n
Hajji Lala and, 221–23, 325n
humanitarian aid in, 88, 136
insurgency and, 12, 87–88, 90–91, 94–96, 201, 210, 221–22
Loyd and, 7, 13, 23, 83, 85, 89, 91–98, 127–29, 131–32, 145, 200, 213–14, 215, 217, 221, 274n–76n
opposition to U.S. presence in, 14, 235n
prices of commodities in, 7, 13–14, 98, 232n
Salam and, 128, 200–201, 204–7, 215, 217–18, 220, 223, 324n
soldiers accused of killing civilians in, 221, 325n
Taliban and, 14, 85–86, 88, 91, 93–96, 99, 201, 214, 235n, 270n–71n
women in, 209, 275n, 322n–23n
Malalai, 84–85, 209, 270n
malik, Malik system, 96, 98–99
Maliki, Nouri al-, 81, 137
Manley Commission, 268n–69n
Manslaughter Working Group, 300n
Marine Corps, U.S., 24, 34, 82, 102, 104, 119, 146, 246n, 312n
counterinsurgency and, 42–43, 187–89, 313n
cultural intelligence and, 31, 117, 187–88, 190–92, 241n, 243n–44n
in Helmand, 177–78, 186–88, 190, 192–93
HTS and, 10, 169–70, 177–78, 180–81, 187, 189–93, 196, 311n, 314n
and invasion of Marja, 187, 190–91
medical missions and, 180–84, 186, 311n
Marine Corps, U.S., units of:
1st Battalion, 5th Marines, 311n, 313n
2nd Marine Expeditionary Brigade, 190
Female Engagement Team (FET), 177, 311n
Fox Company, 179, 181, 186
Judge Advocate Division, 157, 302n
Marja, invasion of, 187, 190–91
Marxists, Marxism, 53–54, 283n
Massoud, Ahmed Shah, 79
Mazar-i-Sharif, 234n, 271n, 276n
Mead, Margaret, 103, 117, 122, 289n
media, 80, 108, 123, 135–36, 247n, 313n, 323n–24n
HTS and, 46, 163, 168, 183, 191
Loyd and, 54, 57, 324n
and revision of counterinsurgency doctrine, 43, 252n
Salam and, 200–201, 218
Merry, Sally Engle, 53, 258n
Mexicans, Mexico, 39, 102, 147, 251n
México Indígena, 251n
Middle East, 71, 83, 101, 241n, 245n, 303n
Middleton, John, 113, 283n
Military Extraterritorial Jurisdiction Act, 138–39
Military Review, 193–94
militias, 25–26, 85, 174, 203, 270n
Karzai and, 78–79
Milošević, Slobodan, 71
misogyny, 199, 206, 208–10, 321n–22n
Mission Essential Personnel (MEP), 234n
MITR Corporation, 247n
Mohammad, Amir, 211–13, 215, 292n, 324n
Mohammad Zahir Shah, King of Afghanistan, 80
Morlock, Jeremy, 325n
Mormons, 18, 70, 181, 262n
Muggeo, Frank:
Ayala’s sentencing and, 156–57
and Loyd, 59–60, 64, 66–67, 83, 128–31, 140, 156–57, 301n
and Salam, 303n–4n
mujaheddin, 202, 214
Soviet-Afghan War and, 24–25, 85, 90, 171–72
Mullen, Mike, 83
Nachmanoff, Michael, 143–46, 225, 298n, 300n–302n
Ayala’s sentencing and, 154–58, 160
and letters from supporters of Ayala, 144–45
and shooting of Salam, 154–55, 301n
Nad Ali, 182
Nagl, John A., 252n–53n
Najibullah, Mohammad, 85
Naler, Christopher, 312n
National Security Agency, U.S., 71–72
Native Americans, 102, 162, 262n, 300n
and comparisons between anthropology and intelligence, 121, 288n–89n
and Cooper’s childhood and adolescence, 70, 76
Navajo Nation, 70, 262n
Navy, U.S., 29, 103, 117, 133, 146, 180, 225, 246n, 253n
Nawa, 188, 311n, 315n
Nazis, 112, 282n
Network of Concerned Anthropologists, 286n
New Orleans, La., 80, 102, 139, 144–47, 225
New York, 31, 179, 244n
Nicholson, John W. “Mick,” 41, 44
Nietzsche, Friedrich, 110–11, 282n
night letters, 179, 187, 190, 311n, 313n
Nixon, Richard, 32, 244n
nongovernmental organizations, 59, 63–65, 165, 251n
Noorzai, 96, 98–99
North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO), 59–60, 71, 195, 215, 234n
Afghanistan and, 59, 64–65, 83, 87, 134–35, 175–77, 179, 187, 190, 294n–95n, 311n
ISAF of, 176–77, 190, 268n, 294n–95n
McChrystal and, 176–77
night letters and, 179, 187, 311n
Northern Ireland, 112–14, 116, 284n
Nutini, Hugo G., 123, 290n
Obama, Barack, 1, 9, 134–35, 174, 249n, 309n–10n
Office of Naval Research (ONR):
cultural intelligence and, 29, 243n
McFate and, 29, 116–17, 243n
Office of Strategic Services (OSS), 40, 122
oil spot theory, 307n
Omaha, Neb., 163, 304n–5n
Omar, Mullah Muhammad, 79, 85, 202, 270n–71n
> open-source intelligence, 30, 39, 190, 241n–42n, 251n, 313n, 315n
Ouimette, Kirsten, 272n, 296n
Packer, George, 248n, 287n
Pakistan, Pakistanis, 15, 67, 174, 204, 225, 240n, 311n
Afghan border with, 44, 60, 87
Afghan refugees in, 73, 95, 210
and Cooper, 73, 75
immolations in, 206, 321n–22n
Karzai and, 79, 265n
Taliban and, 61, 79, 86, 202–3, 210
Panjwai, 269n
Pashto, 172–73, 184, 188, 194, 263n, 304n, 308n
Cooper’s knowledge of, 6, 13, 72, 74–75
Pashtuns, 11, 73, 170, 172, 184, 200–201, 263n, 308n
Pashtunwali, 188, 311n
Patai, Raphael, 118
Pathak, Matthew, 17
HTS and, 232n, 234n–35n
Salam and, 20, 127, 155, 159, 216, 236n, 292n, 320n
Peace Through Strength (Proceay Takhim-e-Solh), 202–3, 211, 320n
Penitentes, 179–80
Pentagon, see Defense Department, U.S.
Pentagon Papers, 244n, 245n
Persian Gulf War, 38, 248n, 298n
Petraeus, David Howell, 32, 195
counterinsurgency and, 10, 42–43, 252n
cultural intelligence and, 40–41, 43–44
Fort Leavenworth command of, 40, 42–43, 304n
Iraq and, 42, 83, 120, 268n
Phoenix Program, 191, 314n
police, 54, 106–8, 121, 132, 145, 149
police, Afghan, 12, 76, 190, 263n, 271n, 274n, 320n
and attack on Loyd, 127–28, 136, 293n
Chehel Gazi patrol and, 8–9, 13
corruption of, 21, 58, 93, 96, 237n, 276n
HTS and, 21, 92–93, 314n
Maiwand and, 13, 93–96, 221–23
Salam and, 21, 211–13, 215–17, 219, 221, 292n, 324n
Taliban and, 95, 203
politics, 39, 54–55, 133, 188, 193, 249n, 314n
Afghanistan and, 55, 61, 74, 79, 96–97, 135, 137, 201, 203, 240n, 253n, 268n, 316n
anthropology and, 114, 118, 125, 240n, 285n, 287n
Cooper and, 71, 74
counterinsurgencies and, 10, 43, 124–25, 253n
cultural intelligence and, 10, 30, 192, 242n
HTS and, 81–82, 88–89, 163, 168–69, 255n
IRA and, 113–14
Iraq and, 30, 35, 37
McFate and, 105, 112
Maiwand and, 14, 87–88, 94, 97
and need for cooperation between military and civilian workers, 65–66
Project Camelot and, 122–23
PRTs and, 58–59
Salam and, 134, 207, 216–17
Polynesia, 103, 280n
postcolonialism, 198
Post-traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD), 76–77, 146–47, 155–56, 264n, 293n, 301n
Powell Doctrine, 37, 241n, 248n–49n
Poynter, Frances, 102–9, 111–12, 280n
Price, David, 118, 289n
Prinslow, Karl, 252n
The Tender Soldier: A True Story of War and Sacrifice Page 41