Seizing the Enigma: The Race to Break the German U-Boat Codes, 1933-1945

by Kahn, David

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  Unpublished Works

  Babbage, Dennis W. “Sillies.” August 1982.

  Behrens, C. E. “Evaluation of the Role of Decryption Intelligence in the Operational Phase of the Battle of the Atlantic.” U.S. Navy OEG Report No. 68, 1952. SRH-368.

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  Mayer, S. A. “The Breaking Up of the German Ciphering Machine ‘Enigma’ by the Cryptological Section in the 2nd Department of the Polish Armed Forces General Staff.” May 31, 1974.

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  Morgan, C[harles]. “NID 9 and NID 17.” In ADM 223/463.

  Outerbridge, Richard. “The Role of ‘Z’ Intelligence in the Battle of the North Atlantic, May 1941–May 1943.” Term paper, University of Toronto, Fall 1982.

  Parker, Alexander. “The Impact of Special Intelligence on Atlantic Convoys SC 7, OG 65 and HX 239, October 1940 to May 1943.” Senior thesis, Yale University, April 18, 1988.

  “A Preliminary Analysis of the Role of Decryption Intelligence in the Operational Phase of the Battle of the Atlantic.” U.S. Navy OEG [Operations Evaluation Group], Report No. 66. August 20, 1951. SRH-367.

  [Rejewski, Marian.] “Enigma 1930–1940. Metodi i historia rozwiazania niemieckiego syfru maszynowego (w zarysie)” [The method and history of solving the German machine cipher (an outline)]. Portions trans. Alfred Piechowiak. n.d.

  Russell, Jerry C. “Ultra and the Campaigns Against the U-Boats in World War II.” U.S. Army War College, Carlisle Barracks, Pa. May 20, 1980. SRH-142.

  Thornton, Mark. “U-559.” n.d.

  [U.S. Navy.] “Allied Communications Intelligence and the Battle of the Atlantic.” 2 vols. SRH-007 and SRH-008.

  Interviews

  Some of these interviews were in person, some by telephone. Some persons were interviewed for earlier books.

  Amys, W. Robert, Hut 8 cryptanalyst.

  Babbage, Dennis, Hut 6 cryptanalyst.

  Baker-Cresswell, A. Joseph, captain of the Bulldog.

  Balme, David, head of boarding party on the U-no.

  Bartelmez, Erminnie, analyst in OP-20-G.

  Batey, John Keith, and Batey, Mavis Lever, British cryptanalysts.

  Beesly, Patrick, officer in Submarine Tracking Room.

  Bertrand, Gustave, head of French cryptologie espionage.

  Birnbaum, Z. William, Polish mathematician who knew Rejewski.

  Braun, Kurt, crew member of the Lauenburg.

  Buhr, Sophie de, and Gratz, Hinrich, daughter and grandson of captain of the Lauenburg.

  Campaigne, Howard, American cryptanalyst at Bletchley Park.

  Charton, Peter, crew member of the U-110.

  Davidson, John C. F., World War I Royal Navy cryptographer, subordinate of Edward Travis.

  Deavours, Cipher A., Enigma historian and mathematician.

  Denning, Norman, head of German intelligence in Operational Intelligence Centre.

  Doniach, Nakdimon Shabbethay, Hut 10 cryptanalyst.

  Dönitz, Karl, commander of U-boats.

  Dunderdale, Wilfred, Paris representative of British Secret Intelligence Service.

  Eachus, Barbara, administrative assistant at Bletchley Park.

  Eachus, Joseph, U.S. cryptanalytic liaison to Hut 8.

  Ellison, Carl, student of rotors.

  Emery, Valerie, daughter of Edward Travis; worked in captured naval documents section of Bletchley Park.

  Ettinghausen, A.A.E.E., Hut 4 watch head.

  Eytan, Walter, head of Hut 4 watches.

  Filby, William, British weather and diplomatic cryptanalyst.

  Forster, Leonard, Hut 4 translator.

  Good, I. Jack, Hut 8 cryptanalyst.

  Harper-Gow, Leonard M., Norwegian translator on Lofotens raid.

  Herd, Marjory, bombe Wren.

  Herivel, John, Hut 6 cryptanalyst.

  Hinsley, F. Harry, Hut 4 analyst.

  Hinsley, Hilary, Hut 8 cryptanalyst.

  Howse, Philip P., Hut 10 cryptanalyst.

  Jedrzejewicz, Waclaw, Polish intelligence officer in 1920s.

  Kelly, Thomas R., chief gunner’s mate on the Tartar.

  Kemp, Peter, head of British radio direction-finding.

  Kennedy, Ludovic, sub-lieutenant on the Tartar.

  Klarman, Georg, crew member of the Lauenburg.

  Krailsheimer, Alban John, British field cryptanalyst.

  Kühne, Helmut, chief of U-Boat Command radio room.

  Lisicki, Tadeusz, Polish signals officer.

  Listowel, Judith, Countess of, author of book on Jan Kowalewski.

  Low, Maurice G., physician aboard the Somali.

  Masanek, Ernst, crew member of the U-33.

  McMahan, Knight, OP-20-G analyst.

  Meckel, Hans, head of U-boat communications.

  Milner-Barry, Stuart, deputy head of Hut 6.

  Mitchell, Alice, interceptor of German naval messages.

  Monroe, John, Hut 6 cryptanalyst.

  Morris, Christopher, Dockyard Cipher cryptanalyst.

  Norgaard, Rollo N., U.S. naval convoy and routing officer.

  Quine, Willard Van Orman, and Quine, Marjorie Boynton, head analyst and assistant in OP-20-G.

  Pendergrass, James T., OP-20-G cryptanalyst.

  Rebelein, Fritz, crew member of the München.

  Rosen, Leo, accompanied PURPLE machine to Britain.

  Rottmann, Heinz, officer on the U-33.

  Schaerf, Henry M., Polish mathematician who knew Rejewski.

  Scherer, Helmut, radioman on weather ship Sachsen.

  Stewart, Mortimer, head of U.S. Army bombe unit at Bletchley Park.

  Stuart-Menteth, Henry A., officer on the Somali.

  Tischler, Rosamond, Gordon Welchman’s daughter.

  Tranow, Wilhelm, head cryptanalyst for the German navy.

  Twinn, Peter, British cryptanalyst.

  Warmington, Sir Marshall, boarded the Krebs and the München.

  Welchman, Gordon, head of Hut 6.

  White, David, U.S. naval direction finder.

  Wiggeshof, Heinrich (Henry), radioman on the München.

  Wilde, Heinz, radioman of the U-110.

  Wilson, T. Hugh P., head of party boarding the Lauenburg.

  Wylie, Shaun, Hut 8 cryptanalyst.

  Zygalski, Henry, Polish cryptanalyst.

  Author’s Correspondence

  Becker, Johannes, officer on U-33.r />
  Budde, Wilhelm, German naval radio intelligence officer.

  Connell, G. G., officer on the Petard, author of Fighting Destroyer.

  Currier, Prescott H., accompanied PURPLE machine to Britain.

  Dresky, Hans-Wilhelm von, nephew of captain of the U-33.

  Erskine, Ralph, historian of naval Enigma.

  Gewald, Carl-Heinz, son of Lauenburg captain.

  Good, I. Jack, Hut 8 cryptanalyst.

  Godt, Eberhardt, deputy to Admiral Dönitz.

  Hawker, Pat, British radio interceptor.

  Heimsoeth, Dr. Heinz, cousin of Arthur Scherbius, younger brother of Rudolph Heimsoeth.

  Heimsoeth, Dr. Helmuth, son of Heinz Heimsoeth.

  Hepp, Leo, German army signals officer.

  Rejewski, Marian, solver of the Enigma.

  Ribadeau-Dumas, Louis, French cryptologist.

  Ridder, Karl-Heinz, crew member of the U-559.

  Rohwer, Jürgen, naval historian.

  Szameitat, Bernhard, crew member of the U-559.

  Tyner, Clarence, owner of a commercial Enigma.

  Weeks, Robert H., accompanied PURPLE machine to Britain.

  German Cryptographic Manuals and Keys

  ARMY. HEERESDIENSTVORSCHRIFTEN (H.DV.) BERLIN

  H.Dv.g.13. Gebrauchsanleitung für die Schlüsselmaschine Enigma. Vom 12.1.1937. Berlin: Reichsdrückerei, 1937.

  H.Dv.g.14. Schlüsselanleitung für die Schlüsselmaschine Enigma. 8.VI. 1937. Berlin: Reichsdrückerei, 1937.

  NAVY. MARINEDIENSTVORSCHRIFTEN (M.DV.) BERLIN

  [No M.Dv. number]. Der Funkschlüssel C. 1926.

  M.Dv.Nr.21. Der Funkschlüssel C. (Vorschrift). 1933.

  M.Dv.Nr.32. Der Funkschlüssel M. (Vorschrift). 1934.

  M.Dv.Nr.32/1. Der Schlüssel M. Verfahren M Allgemein. 1940.

  M.Dv.Nr.32/2. Der Schlüssel M. Verfahren M Offizier und M Stab. 1941.

  M.Dv.Nr.32/3. Der Schlüssel M. Allgemeine Bestimmungen. 1941.

  M.Dv.Nr.42. Schlüssel H. (Sonderschlüssel für Handelsschiffe). Ausgabe 1938.

  M.Dv.Nr.82. Geheime Marinefunknamenliste. Berlin, 1943.

  M.Dv.Nr.96. Kurzsignalheft 1941. (Nachdruck vom 25.2.1944). Berlin, 1941; Kurzsignalheft 1944, II: Buchgruppenheft. Berlin, 1944; Flottenkurzsignalheft—Kennwort: Feodor. Berlin, 1940.