Washington

by Douglas Southall Freeman

Demagoguery, 650

  Democratic Societies, 10, 520, 639, 643, 650, 656, 658–59

  Denmark, pact with, 649

  Denny, William, 131

  Desertions, military, 39, 66–67, 95, 135, 248–49, 256, 268, 281, 290, 295, 299, 301–2, 308, 332, 335–36, 403

  Despotism, 203, 207

  Destouches, Chevalier Charles, 458–65

  Detroit, 144, 152–53, 155, 271, 614, 648–49

  Dick, Dr. Elisha Cullen, 751–53

  Dickinson, John, 209, 508

  Dickinson, Gen. Philemon, 397

  Digby, Admiral Robert, 478, 497–98

  Dinwiddie, Robert, Governor of Virginia, 30, 34, 36, 38, 41–43, 47–49, 52, 55, 63, 65, 67–73, 75, 77, 87, 91–98, 103–4, 107–9, 112, 115, 117–18, 175, 179, 185

  Discipline, military and self, 116, 138, 221, 229–30, 295–97, 280, 327, 336, 364, 453, 457

  Dismal Swamp, 151, 153, 620

  Dismal Swamp Company, 164, 166–68, 172, 525, 682, 711

  District of Columbia, 631, 706. See also Federal City

  Dobbs, Arthur, Governor of North Carolina, 67, 76

  Dobbs Ferry, 449, 470, 481

  Dogue Run Farm, 116, 142, 156, 167, 525, 529–30, 743, 745

  Dorchester, Earl of, 583, 646

  Dorchester Heights, in siege of Boston, 256–58, 260, 263

  Dorchester Neck, 251, 255

  Dragoons, troops of, 384, 443, 479, 481, 506–7, 734, 736

  Druillon (French officer) , 54

  Du Coudray, Phillippe, 339, 342, 346, 364

  DuQuesne, Fort, 53–54, 59, 62, 65, 67, 70, 73–74, 77–78, 80, 87, 99, 102–3, 110–11, 113, 121–28, 130–36, 139, 141

  Duane, James, 366, 450

  Duché, Rev. Jacob, 365, 514

  Dudley, Charles, 239

  Dumas, Charles, 99

  Dumfries, 183, 213

  Dunbar, Col. Thomas, 72, 78–80, 84–86, 90

  Dunmore, John Murray, Earl of, Governor of Virginia, 187, 192–93, 195, 199, 212–16

  Dunmore’s War, 209–10

  Duportail, Col. Louis le Bèque de Presle. 394, 412, 431, 493

  Dutch loans to United States, 629, 661, 663, 720

  Duties, import, 579–80

  Dyer, Eliphalet, 366

  Eagle, 280–81

  East India Company, 198, 201

  East River, 268, 284–88, 292

  Eastern Department, military, 417

  Easton, 131

  Education, 149, 172, 183–84, 192, 701

  Edwards, Fort, 100

  Elections, 124, 146, 149, 156, 172, 188, 202,. 557;

  writs of, 160. See also Voting

  Elizabeth Town Point, 562–63

  Ellicott, Andrew, 614

  Ellsworth, Oliver, 548, 645, 647, 690–91, 707, 737

  Eltham, 178, 180, 185, 189, 196, 495

  Embargoes, 646, 648

  Embuscade, 624–26, 637

  Engineers, Corps of, 256, 325, 339, 475;

  American, 317, 482, 484–85;

  British, 88, 479;

  French, 482, 493

  England, John, 4–5

  Enlistment. See Recruitment

  Enos, Col. Roger, 244–48

  Erie, Lake, 26, 34, 37, 39–41, 51, 68, 663

  Eskridge, George, 3

  Eutaw Springs, battle of, 482

  Ewing, Gen. George, 319, 321

  Excise taxes, 650, 653, 673

  Fairfax, Lord Bryan, 202–3, 205, 742, 746, 754

  Fairfax, George William, 18–27, 124, 167, 172, 177, 191, 205, 504, 526, 530–31, 722

  Fairfax, Sally Gary, 120, 504, 722

  Fairfax, Lord Thomas, 9–10, 14, 15, 18–19, 30, 48, 101, 123, 177

  Fairfax, Col. William, 9–10, 16, 18, 35, 68, 116–17, 514

  Fairfax Associators Committee, 183

  Fallen Timbers, battle of, 654, 658

  Fantasque, 462

  Farewell Address by Washington, 505, 701–2

  Fauchet, Joseph, 644, 665, 672–73, 675, 677, 679–82, 688, 717;

  dispatches of, 658, 676–77, 688

  Fauntleroy, Elizabeth, 31

  Fauquier, Francis, Governor of Virginia, 126, 141, 145–47, 149–53, 157, 159–62, 165–66, 171

  Fayette, Fort, 651

  Federal City, establishment of, 575, 583, 591–92, 610, 614, 620, 631, 638, 649, 659, 660, 663, 672, 681–82, 687, 699, 702, 707, 710, 716–17, 722, 732, 734–35, 738–39, 743, 746, 748

  Federal debt. See Public debts, federal and state

  Federal Hall, 564, 566

  Federalism and Federal Party, 556–57, 574, 576, 597, 611, 613, 617, 623, 636–37, 643–48, 659, 664–66, 670, 674, 680, 686–96, 698, 700, 704–5, 708, 721, 725, 727, 730–32, 737, 747

  Fellows, General, 292

  Fenno, John, 604, 607

  Ferguson, Dr. Adam, 391

  Ferguson, Mrs. Elizabeth Graeme, 365

  Fermoy, Gen. M. A. de Roche, 326

  Ferry Farm, 6–11, 16–17, 22–23, 32–33, 71, 187

  Findley, William, 654–55

  Fishbourne, Capt. Benjamin, 420, 452–53

  Fisheries and fishing, 167, 180, 184–89, 531, 722, 740

  Fishkill, 442

  Fitzgerald, Col. John, 333, 377, 401, 442

  Fitzhugh, William, 463, 722, 746–47

  Fitzhugh family, 32–33, 68

  Five Nations Indian Confederation, 13–14

  Fleming, John, 155

  Floridas, the, 199, 426, 598, 615;

  east, 644;

  west, 193, 195, 615–16

  Flying Camp, 272, 282, 290, 303, 308, 333

  Foraging parties, 331, 337, 372, 374, 414, 430–31, 439, 471, 499, 745

  Forbes, Gilbert, 275

  Forbes, Gen. John, 121–27, 130–37, 152, 168

  Ford, Mrs. Jacob, 426

  Foreign officers, in American service, 338–39, 345–46, 364–65

  Forman, Gen. David, 340, 441, 494

  Forrest, Capt. Thomas, 326

  Four Mile Creek, 143, 743

  Fowey, 262

  France, in Canada, 245;

  forts of, 39, 128, 134;

  government of, 120, 130, 132, 156, 493, 502, 576, 581, 590, 602, 609, 616, 625, 629, 634, 637, 639–42, 645–48, 662, 665, 667, 674, 696, 699, 703, 706, 708, 723–24, 732, 740, 747;

  and Indian allies, 82, 87, 99, 110, 114, 129, 141, 152;

  influence of, 617, 689, 720–21, 733;

  navy of, 390–91, 404–6, 409–10, 414, 424–25, 433, 438, 440–42, 458–61, 463, 466–68, 471–72, 477–79, 483–84, 493, 495, 497–98;

  in Newport, R. I., 410, 432–33, 455, 458, 464;

  on Ohio Valley frontier, 25–26, 33, 36–37, 39, 42–43, 47, 50–51, 54, 59, 67–68, 70–71, 73–74, 90, 114, 150;

  recognizes American independence, 389;

  and Spain, 149;

  treaties and alliances of, 335, 394, 403, 410–11, 471, 510, 515, 598, 621, 624, 629, 664, 703;

  troops of, 459–61, 468, 470, 472, 476, 479, 484–87, 491, 493–94, 499

  France, (Republic), 618, 622, 624, 626–27, 637, 673, 720, 736

  Franklin, Benjamin, 74–75, 77, 163, 200, 242, 250, 267, 360, 413, 520, 526, 539, 542, 546–50, 578, 742

  Franks, Maj. David, 442, 445

  Fraunces’ Tavern, Washington’s farewell at, 507, 563

  Frazier, John, 36–37, 40, 47

  Frederick, 20, 25–28, 48, 74, 101, 124, 131, 146–47, 149, 151

  Fredericksburg, 5, 8, 14, 16, 19, 26, 31, 33, 37, 91, 93, 96, 112, 120, 182, 187, 190, 196, 212, 214, 216, 495, 538, 574, 593, 597

  Freeholders, 146, 210

  Freeman’s Farm, battle of, 356, 361

  Freemasons. See Masonic Order

  French Directory, 697, 703, 713, 716, 719, 721, 733, 735, 740

  French and Indian War, 161, 168, 180, 193, 217, 222, 514

  French Revolution, 610, 617, 619, 623, 628, 643

  Freneau, Philip, newspaper editor, 604, 607, 613, 629, 636

  Frontier, life on
, 12, 19, 26, 37, 66–67, 99, 101–2, 104, 107, 109, 111, 115, 122, 152, 154, 157, 169, 215, 451, 584, 606, 623, 654. See also Artillery, Casualties, Indians, Recruitment, Settlers, Trade, specific states by name

  Fry, Col. Joshua, 34, 49, 51, 56, 68, 75

  Gage, Gen. Thomas, 76, 81–82, 84, 88, 153, 170, 194, 204, 230, 233, 235–36, 241, 263

  Gale, George, 2

  Gallatin, Albert, 652–53, 694–95, 719

  Galloway, Joseph, 205, 208

  Gardiners’ Island, 458, 460, 462

  Gates, Gen. Horatio, 124, 214–15, 221, 230, 236, 246, 249, 271–74, 277–78, 280, 282–83, 313–17, 335, 338, 348, 356, 361, 364, 366, 369–70, 376, 378–83, 388, 391, 393, 403, 411–13, 417, 419, 422, 425–26, 436–37, 440, 450, 498, 500–01 508, 513, 596, 596

  Gazette (Williamsburg), 5–6, 34–35, 71–72, 106

  Gazette of the United States (Philadelphia) , Federalist newspaper, 604, 607

  Gazettes, 186, 730, 749. See also Newspapers

  General Advertiser (Philadelphia) , 637

  Genet, Edmond Charles, 618, 622, 624–27, 629–33, 636–37, 639, 641–44, 650, 665, 675, 629–30, 639, 704

  Genn, James, surveyor, 18–20, 22

  George II, King of England, 146

  George III, King of England, 25, 146, 159, 211, 250, 393, 413, 510, 646–47

  George, Fort, 249, 270

  George, Lake, 120, 217

  Georgia, 427, 528, 650, 661;

  and Constitution, 551, 554, 582;

  frontier of, 628, 659;

  liberation of, 416

  Gerard, Conrad Alexandre, 416

  Germantown, battle of, 356, 359, 361–62, 366, 469, 544–45

  Germany and Germans, in Pennsylvania, 143;

  settlers, 21, 28;

  treaties with, 271;

  troops of, 101, 270, 488–89, 511. See also Hessians

  Gerry, Elbridge, 218, 232, 296, 520, 546–47, 713, 719–21, 724, 730, 735

  Giles, William, 612, 645–46, 705

  Gill, Moses, 227–28

  Girondist Party, 618

  Gist, Christopher, 36–40, 42, 44–47, 51, 53, 56–57, 59, 68, 80, 113

  Gist, Col. Nathaniel, 424, 522

  Gloucester Point, 479, 481–83, 490

  Glover, Gen. John, 299, 334, 405

  Godoy, Manuel de, 690

  Gooch, Sir William, Governor of Virginia, 6

  Gordon, Harry, 82

  Gorham, Judge Nathaniel, 540–41

  Goshen, 450

  Governor’s Palace, 12, 36, 101, 213

  Graeme, Dr. Thomas, 365

  Grand Battery (French), 487

  Grange, 624–25

  Grant, Maj. James, 127–30

  Granville, Earl of, 150

  Graves, Admiral Thomas, 438, 470, 473–74, 494

  Grayson, William, 333, 556

  Great Britain, 162, 581, 583, 588, 601, 606–7, 609, 614, 616, 620, 625, 627–28, 630, 633, 640–42, 644–45, 658, 662, 668, 674, 691, 716;

  animosity towards, 712;

  blockade by, 346;

  in Canada, 598;

  colonial diplomacy of, 34;

  constitution of, 154–55;

  impressment of seamen by, 680–81;

  national debt of, 154;

  and France in Ohio Valley, 33, 37, 47, 71, 73–74, 147;

  Parliament of, 154–56, 163–66, 170–71, 174–78, 181–82, 193, 199–200, 205, 207, 250;

  peace offers of, 387, 412;

  schools in, 5, 7;

  trade with, 26, 200, 202, 528, 577;

  treaties with, 131, 270, 501–2, 648, 661, 680, 688, 690, 696–97, 712

  Great Britain, army of, 126, 144, 170, 227, 232, 262, 271, 284, 292–93, 299, 326, 331–32, 337, 341, 357, 393, 400, 423, 443–44, 450–51, 467, 473, 479, 481, 586;

  units of: Fourth, 434, Eighth, 434, Tenth, 259, Seventeenth Foot, 121, Twenty-second Foot, 71, Forty-eighth, 75, Sixtieth, 113, Seventy-seventh, 127, 133, 300, Scottish Highlanders, 123

  Great Britain, navy of, 110, 228, 231–32, 243, 260–61, 266, 271, 275, 277–78, 282, 284, 299, 344–45, 349, 356, 408–9, 425, 438, 440–42, 452, 458, 462–63, 466–67, 473–74, 477, 493, 499, 595, 620, 640, 704

  Great Dismal Swamp. See Dismal Swamp

  Great Falls of the Potomac River, 3, 5, 23, 143, 525, 532

  Great Kanawa River. See Kanawha River

  Great Lakes, 141, 144

  Great Meadows, skirmish at, 53, 57, 59–60, 63, 85

  Green, Dr. Charles, 118, 167

  Green Spring, 30, 470

  Greenbrier River, 92

  Greene, Col. Christopher, 245

  Greene, Gen. Nathanael, 225, 231, 239–40, 250, 254, 276, 279, 283, 290–91, 298, 303–7, 314, 319–321, 334, 342, 346, 351, 357, 359, 364, 368, 375, 379, 381, 385, 394, 397, 399, 406, 409–11, 417, 426–27, 430–31, 437–38, 441–42, 444, 447–52, 458, 461, 463, 466–67, 470, 482, 494, 496, 498, 502, 504, 507, 510, 513, 531–32, 595, 597, 604

  Greene, William, 276–77

  Greenlcaf, James, 669

  Greenwood, Dr. John, 706

  Grenadiers, 461

  Grenville, George, 154

  Grenville, Henry, 29

  Grenville, Lord William W., 640, 661, 664, 668, 679

  Griffin, Col. Samuel, 323

  Guadeloupe, 484, 489

  Guichen, Comte de, 442

  Guilford Court House, 363–64

  Hackensack, 305, 307, 422, 429

  Hackensack River, 307, 440

  Hadfield, Joseph, 527

  Half King, Indian chief, 38–39, 42–45, 51–54, 57, 66

  Halifax, 244, 260, 262, 267, 273, 277, 416

  Halkett, Francis, 79, 82, 126

  Hallet, Stephen, 632, 634

  Hamilton, Alexander, 124, 347, 397, 399, 402, 405, 443–45, 451, 460, 465, 472, 486, 500, 528, 533, 543, 546, 556, 568, 569, 576, 579, 583, 586–91, 603–8, 612, 615, 617, 621–38, 641–42, 645, 647, 649, 652–53, 656, 659–60, 666, 668, 670, 673, 680, 688, 692, 697–704, 708, 713, 721, 723, 725, 728–29, 732–36, 740, 746, 748

  Hammond, George, 601, 624–25, 629–31, 640, 644, 646, 648, 668, 671–74, 676–77, 679–80, 682

  Hampton Roads, 13, 71–73, 76, 161, 460, 462, 472, 479, 482

  Hanbury, John, 25

  Hancock, John, 217, 219–20, 240, 261, 269, 271, 273–74, 278, 342, 346, 366–67, 411

  Hand, Gen. Edward, 318, 321, 326–29, 334, 436, 451, 476, 508, 654

  Hannah, 236

  Hanover, 159

  Hanson, Alexander Contee, 283

  Hanson, John, 495

  Harcourt, Lt. Col. William, 316

  Hard Labour, Treaty of, 175

  Harlem Heights, battle of, 292–95, 297–99, 506

  Harlem River, 291, 295, 470

  Harmar, Gen. Josiah, Indian expedition of, 584–87, 654

  Harper, Robert G., 725

  Harrison, Benjamin, Governor of Virginia, 155, 204, 208, 242, 250, 346, 465, 523, 550

  Harrison, Col. Robert Hanson, 254–55, 368–70, 398, 420, 444, 576

  Hartford, 440, 442, 466

  Harvard College, 228, 230, 236, 263, 266, 529, 681

  Harvie, John, 376

  Hawkins, Benjamin, Governor of the Southwest Territory, 666, 715

  Hawley, Joseph, 229

  Hazelwood, Commodore John, 362

  Hazen, Moses, 267, 350, 352

  Head of Elk, 473–78, 481, 495, 544

  Heath, Gen. William, 225, 228–31, 262, 266, 283, 290, 298, 303–4, 307–10, 314–16, 331, 334, 338, 356, 384, 413, 417, 419–20, 438, 455, 458, 478, 496–98, 510, 513

  Hendrick, William, 238

  Henfeld, Gideon, 629

  Henry, Patrick, Governor of Virginia, 156–59, 162, 175, 192, 204–5, 208–11, 216, 220, 296, 381, 524, 537, 549–56, 593, 683, 687, 689, 731, 737, 739, 746

  Hessians, mercenary troops of Great Britain, 282–83, 286–87, 292–93, 301, 307, 313, 318–30, 327, 363, 492

  Heyward, Thomas, 595

  Hickey, Thomas, 275–76


  Highlands, Hudson River defense area, 152, 273, 279–80, 301, 303, 309, 335–36, 342, 353, 419

  Hilary, Dr. William, 28

  Hill, James, 188

  Hillsborough, Lord, 178, 185

  Hinman, Col. Benjamin, 238

  Hitchcock, Col. Daniel, 329

  Hite, Jost, 24

  Hoban, James, architect, 632, 634, 687

  Hog, Capt. Peter, 106, 185

  Holland, 620, 630, 649, 699

  Hood, Sir Samuel, 460, 473

  Hoops, Maj. Robert, 343

  Hope Park, 734

  Hopkins, Commodore Esek, 335

  Hopkinson, Francis, 526

  Hospitals, military, 262, 332

  Houdon, Jean Antoine, 526–27

  House of Representatives. See Congress, U.S.

  Howe, Admiral Viscount Richard. 261, 267, 279–81, 332, 335, 340–41, 349, 355, 358, 394, 404, 408–9

  Howe, Gen. Robert, 364, 371, 412, 415, 419–21, 437, 447, 455, 457, 472, 503–4, 561

  Howe, Gen. Sir William, 231, 241, 247, 249–55, 258–59, 262–63, 267, 270, 273, 277–79, 282, 287, 289–90, 299, 301, 303, 307–8, 312–15, 317–18, 323, 326, 332, 371, 387–88, 413

  Howell, Gen. David, 504, 654

  Howell, Richard, Governor of New Jersey, 652

  Hudson River, strategic position of, 216, 233, 253, 260–62, 267–73, 277, 279, 283, 297–99, 301, 303, 313, 322, 334, 340, 342, 349, 361, 387, 389, 404, 418, 425, 469, 471, 496, 498

  Humphrey, David, aide to Washington, 434, 507–9, 515, 527, 533, 535–36, 550, 554, 560–61, 568, 570, 585, 634, 663, 698;

  in Lisbon, 619

  Hunting Creek Farm, 159, 167

  Hussars, French, 491

  Import and Navigation Acts, 529

  Impressment, of seamen, 609, 640–41, 662, 680–81, 703;

  of supplies, 50, 76

  Indentured servants, 77, 136, 210

  Independence, Fort, 291, 331, 381

  Independent Chronicle (Boston), 686

  Independent Companies, military, 67, 70, 72, 210, 212, 215

  Independent Gazetteer (Philadelphia), 548, 667

  Indians, 145, 147–48, 153, 169, 209, 221, 237, 271–72, 277, 280, 425, 498, 567, 601, 614, 653, 688, 715;

  alliances and treaties with, 34, 43, 70–71, 75–77, 87–88, 94, 108, 111–12, 155, 175, 581, 585, 598, 611, 694;

  and France, 37, 40, 82, 87, 99, 110, 114, 129, 141, 152;

  friendly, 52–53, 55, 585–86, 588;

  frontier, 10, 13, 21–22, 25, 34, 48, 59–60, 62, 66–67, 107, 522, 578, 599;

  in Ohio Valley, 37–38, 40–45, 81, 86–87, 93–94, 155;

  peace negotiations with, 573, 602, 607;

  problems of, 171, 220, 587, 599, 606, 623, 628, 634–35, 658, 681–82, 704;

  warfare of, 92, 99–100, 102–4, 109–10, 113, 120–28, 131–34, 199, 415, 584, 599, 608, 615–16, 640. See also Five Nations Indian Confederation, Six Nations Indian Confederation