Fracture
Page 59
Shrine of Martyrs and, 278–279
Spanish Civil War and, 383
Mutiny on the Bounty (1935), 311
muzhiks, 286
My Life, 186
The Mysterious Universe (1930), 126
N
NAACP (National Association for the Advancement of Colored People), 98, 100–101
Nash, Paul, 22
The Nation, 239
National Association of Peasant Women, 275
National Bureau of Literature (Reichsschrifttumskammer), 314
national greatness narratives, 273–276
national greatness projects, 279–282
National Prohibition Act, 59
National Socialist Party, 171, 262–264, 366–367
Nationalist troops. See Spanish Civil War
Nationalsozialistischer Deutscher Studentenbund, 299–300
Nazi Germany
class attitudes in, 330
exodus from, 343–344, 349–352
New Man and, 365
Olympic Games and. See Olympic Games (1936)
overview of rise of, 401
Spengler and, 48
in Vienna. See Vienna
Neanderthal Valley, 156
“The Negro Speaks of Rivers,” 98
Negroes in America, 53
neo-liberal school of economics, 407–408
Netley Hospital, 22
Neue Sachlichkeit (new objectivity), 259
Neues Wiener Tagblatt, 228
neurasthenia, 27
névrosés de la guerre, 31
New Deal, 339, 342
New Man
industrialized nations and, 372–373
nightmarish aspects of, 363–371
physical fitness and, 361–363
physical ideals and, 361–363
vision of, 171–172
new objectivity (Neue Sachlichkeit), 259
New York Evening Post, 294
New York Stock Exchange, 240
New York Times
on dust storms, 337
on famine in Ukraine, 294
Fantel at, 400
on The Grapes of Wrath, 341–342
on Metropolis, 173
on Scopes trial, 160
New Yorker, 227
Newfoundland Regiment, 28
Newton, Sir Isaac, 119–120
Nietzsche, Friedrich
influence of, 162–168
Levy on, 168–172
Spengler influenced by, 45, 123
superman of, 362–363
Nigger Heaven, 103–104
Night After Night, 67–68
Nikolaev, Leonid, 392–393
Nin, Anaïs, 70
Nivelle, Robert, 377
NKVD, 313–314, 391–394
Noir et Blanc photograph, 145
Nordic stock, 55–56
Norfolk, Virginia, 59
nostalgia, 37–38
Not Under Forty, 112
Nouveau Siècle, 193
Nude Descending a Staircase (1913), 144
nudism, 366
Nugent, Richard Bruce, 102
O
O’Banion, Dean, 65
Occupy movements, 409
October Revolution, 80
“The Oil in the Machine” (1923), 173
O’Keefe, Georgia, 149
OKeh Phonograph Company, 1–2
Okies, 339–341
Olympic Games (1936)
Fürstner and, 356–369
physical ideals and, 359–360
Popular Olympiad vs., 380
O’Neill, Eugene, 112
The Open Society and Its Enemies, 352
Operation Fiery Magic (Unternehmen Feuerzauber), 382–387
Opportunity, 101–102
Origin of Species, 155
Orlacs Hände (The Hands of Orlac), 179–180
Orlov, Alexander Mikhailovich, 390, 395–396
Ortega y Gasset, José, 375
Orwell, George
on Aldous Huxley, 194
in International Brigades, 388
Soviet Union and, 248
on Spanish Civil War, 374, 390
Osborn, Henry Fairfield, 165
Ossietzky, Carl von, 262
Ottoman Empire, 30
Our Hope, 154
Our Sex Life (Unser Geschlechtsleben), 183
Overy, Richard, 126
Oviedo, 377
Owen, Wilfred, 23–24
Owens, Jesse, 359–361
Oxford, 29
P
Palace of Justice, 195–199, 203
Palais-Bourbon, 211–212
Palestine, 352–354
Palmer, Attorney General A. Mitchell, 91
Pan-African Congress, 105
“Parallel Campaign,” 14–15
Paris
Dada in, 135–142
expatriate writers in, 69–72
Le Corbusier on, 192
Little Germany in, 344–346, 348–349
Ray in, 144–145
summer of 1,000
parties in, 112
Universal Exhibition in, 396
Pariser Tagblatt, 346
Pasadena, California, 113
Pasternak, Boris, 312, 314
Patriots’ League (Ligue des Patriotes), 210–211
Pavlov, Ivan, 218
Payton, Philip, 99
Penney, J. C., 218
Pérez, Andreu Nin i, 391
Pershing, General John, 51
Petersen, Julius, 267
Petrograd, 82–85. See also St. Petersburg
petting, 218
Philharmonie, 260
philosophers on physics, 123–124
photography
of Dust Bowl, 342–343
of Spanish Civil War, 389
surrealism and, 150
physical fitness, 361–363
physical ideals
Aryan archetype of, 361–363
Fürstner and, 355–359
New Man and, 361–363
nightmarish aspects of, 363–371
Olympic Games and, 359–360
superman and, 361–363
physics
anti-Semitism and, 121–123
discoveries in, 114–117
in Germany, 124–125
philosophers on, 123–124
popular culture and, 125–130
between world wars, generally, 117–121
Picabia, Francis, 135–137, 139
Picasso, Pablo, 370, 386, 396
Pickford, Mary, 66–67
Piggly Wiggly supermarkets, 218
Pinkerton detective agency, 92–93
Pipes, Richard, 81
Pirandello, Luigi, 309
Pitt-Rivers, George Lane-Fox, 170
Place de la Concorde, 211
Plan, 327
Plan Voisin, 192
Planck, Max, 118–121, 304
Plato, 46
Platonov, Andrei, 247
The Plow That Broke the Plains, 342
poet’s coup. See d’Annunzio, Gabriele
pogrom of the intellect
burning books in, 297–303
Croce and, 308–310
existential choices in, 303–308
Hollywood and, 310–312
homosexuality in, 302–303
introduction to, 297–302
musicians in, 305–307
philosophers in, 307–310
scientists in, 303–305, 307–308
society in lock step and, 302–303
in Soviet Union, 312–315
writers in, 312–315
Polizzotti, Mark, 136
Pollard, Harry, 126
Ponsonby, Elisabeth, 223, 226
Pontine Marshes, 280–281
Pope Pius XII, 278
Popper, Karl, 351–352
popular culture and physics, 125–130
Popular Olympiad, 380
Porgy and Bess (1935), 110
post-traumatic stress d
isorder, 31. See also shell shock
Potemkin, 80–82
Potemkin villages, 243
POUM (Workers’ Party of Marxist Unification), 390–391
Pound, Ezra, 48
Pound, Reginald, 25
The Power God (1925), 126
Prague, 198
Prévost, Jean, 35–36
Price, George McCready, 156
Priestley, J. B., 320–323, 327, 329–330
Primo de Rivera, General Miguel, 376
Princip, Gavrilo, 9
private debt, 409
Professor Unrath, 249–252, 262–263
Prohibition era
Act creating, 59
civil war and, 73–78
culture war in, 60–62, 66–68, 73–78
early optimism of, 62–64
expatriate writers during, 69–71
immigration during, 272
Mafia and, 64–66
Mob rule during, 64–68
Montmartre rag and, 71–73
Sunday on, 155–156
writers on, 68–69
Prokofiev, Sergey, 370–371
Protazanov, Yakov, 189–190
Protestants, 61
The Protocols of the Elders of Zion, 170, 311
Proust, Marcel, 97–98
psychoanalysis, 147–148. See also Freud, Sigmund
public housing, 200–201
Public Order Act, 326
Pulitzer Prize, 294
Punch, 225
Punin, Lev, 314
Punin, Nikolay, 314
Q
Qualtinger, Helmut, 195
quantum physics, 118–121
Querido, Emanuel, 347
R
Raat, Immanuel, 249–252
Race Laws (1935), 343–348, 359
racial discrimination
black soldiers/veterans and, 50–51
conservative revolution and, 48–49, 56–57
in Great Britain, 72–73
Jewish people and. See anti-Semitism
Ku Klux Klan and, 52–53
labor pool and, 53–54
riots provoked by, 54–55
Spengler on, 46–48
Stoddard on, 55–56
urban life and, 44–45
racketeering, 64
Radek, Karl, 90
rambling students, 366
Rappleyea, George, 152
Raskob, John Jacob, 270
Rastus, 178
rationality vs. intuition, 121–130, 131
Ravel, Maurice, 110
Ray, Man, 144–145
Red Army, 80–82
Red Scare, 56–57
Red Summer, 54
Red Vienna, 199–203
Reichsschrifttumskammer (National Bureau of Literature), 314
The Reign of Relativity (1921), 126–127
Reinhardt, Max, 259–260
Remarque, Erich Maria, 261
remembrance observances, 36–38
Renard, Maurice, 179–180
Republic, 46
Republican Protection League (Republikanischer Schutzbund), 206–207, 212–213
Republican troops. See Spanish Civil War
Requiem, 79
Rhapsody in Blue (1924), 105, 110
Richthofen, Manfred von, 359
Richthofen, Wolfram von, 386
Rieber, Torkild, 385
Riefenstahl, Leni, 371
riots
in Austria, 213
in Paris, 211
race, 54–55
in Schattendorf, 206
in Vienna, 195–197
The Rising Tide of Color Against White Supremacy (1920), 55–56, 165
Roaring Twenties
Betty Boop in, 215–216
Bright Young Things in, 222–230
Charlie Chaplin in, 218–219
Clara Bow in, 219–220
Coco Chanel in, 221–222
cultural change and in, 216–219
Elinor Glyn in, 220
flappers in, 216–218, 220–221
Josephine Baker in, 227–228
Nadia Boulanger in, 221
Tallulah Bankhead in, 224
Virginia Woolf in, 222–223
Zelda Fitzgerald in, 217
Robeson, Paul, 109, 111–112
robots, 177–179
Rockefeller, John D., 240
Rodgers, Edith, 348
Rolland, Romain, 301
Roman, R., 233
Roman Catholics. See Catholic Church
Roman Empire, 276
Rome, 277–278, 281
Roosevelt, President Franklin, 339, 360
Rosenberg, James N., 148–149
Rosenstock, Samy, 132
Rothstein, Arthur, 342
Rousseau, Jean-Jacques, 361
Route 66, 339
R.U.R., 177–178
rural life
Dust Bowl and, 333–338
Prohibition and, 60–61
in Ukraine, 284–286
Russell, Bertrand, 24, 126, 245
Russia. See also Soviet Union
Bolsheviks in. See Bolsheviks
civil war in, 80–82
exodus of White Russians, 344
Kronstadt rebellion in, 79–86, 88
Lenin in. See Lenin, Vladimir
Magnetic City in. See Magnitogorsk (Magnetic City)
March Action in, 89–91
revolution in, 79–86, 88–91
Seventh Army of, 79–80
as Soviet Union. See Soviet Union
Stalin in. See Stalin, Joseph
Ukraine and, 284–285
Rutherford, Sir Ernest, 304
Ryder (1928), 71
S
Sacre du Printemps, 371
Sakal, S. Z., 351
Salas, Eusebi Rodriguez, 374
Die Sammlung (The Collection), 347
San Antonio Light, 178
Sanders, August, 260
Sardinia, 280
Sassoon, Siegfried, 23–24
Satie, Eric, 140
Savoy Ballroom, 106
Sayre, Zelda, 69
Schattendorf, 206
Schiller, Friedrich, 75
Schirru, Michele “Michael,” 267–269, 273, 343
Schlemmer, Oskar, 191
Schnitzler, Arthur, 203
Scholem, Gershom, 354
Schrödinger, Erwin, 125
science fiction
concrete utopias in, 190–194
humans as machines in, 184–190
medical mutations in, 179–183
Metropolis, 173–177
robots in, 177–179
scientific discoveries
anti-Semitism and, 121–123
in astronomy, 114–117
introduction to, 113–114
philosophers on, 123–124
in physics, 117–121, 124–125
popular culture and, 125–130
scientific racism, 363. See also eugenics
Scopes, Johnny, 151–152. See also Scopes trial
Scopes trial
international ramifications of, 162–167
Nietzsche’s superman in, 167–168
preparations for, 158–162
reasons for, 157–158
Scott, John, 238–239, 245–246
Second International Congress of Eugenics, 165
Seipel, Ignaz, 196, 201
Sélavy, Rrose, 144
Serbia, 30
serial killers, 258–259
Sevastopol, 82
Seventh Russian Army, 79–80
Seville, 379
sexual jealousy, 73
sexual openness, 255–258
sexual reassignment surgery, 258
Shanghai, 352
Shapley, Harlow, 113–114, 116
Shaw, George Bernard, 193, 244–245, 294
shell shock
Breton and, 133
descriptions of, 21–24
Dulce et decorum est pro patria mori an
d, 24–26
emergence of, 19–21
killing fields and, 26–29
lost generation and, 25, 29–31
prevalence of, 21–24
remembrance observances and, 36–38
sense of social shock and, 33–36
trauma in, 31–33
Shelley, Mary, 180
Sherbon, Florence Brown, 167
Shmidt, Iakov, 238
Sholokhov, Mikhail, 312
Shostakovich, Dimitri, 395
Shrine of Martyrs, 278–279
Shuffle Along, 109–110, 112
Sicard de Pauzole, Just, 164–165
Sicily, 271
Siegfried, 383
Simmons, William J., 52
Simont, José, 14
Sinclair, Andrew, 65
Sinclair, Upton, 68, 97
Sissle, Noble, 109
Sitwell, Osbert, 41–43, 223
Sitwell, Sacheverall, 41–42, 223
Smith, Mamie, 1–2, 12
Smith, Senator Ellison DuRant, 272–273
Snowden, Philip, 324
Snyder, Timothy, 295
The Social Contract, 361
social Darwinism, 162–167
socialism
in Austria, 197–203, 206–207, 212–213
Bauhaus movement and, 191
fascism vs., 49, 126
in France, 208–209
in Germany. See Weimar Republic
in Great Britian, 324–325
in Italy, 126
in Russia, 184
as “un-American,” 52, 56
in Vienna, 199–201
Society of Contemporary Architects, 187
Solidaridad Obrera. See Spanish Civil War
Solzhenitsyn, Alexander, 393
Sotelo, José Calvo, 377
The Souls of Black Folk, 100
Soupault, Philippe, 134–135
Souplanov, Pavel, 391
South America, 351
Southard, Elmer Ernest, 31–32
Southern Syncopated Orchestra, 73
Soviet Union. See also Russia
artwork from, 242
Austria and, 199
cultural tourism in, 242–244
deportation to, 57
France and, 208
industrialized society and, 9
Lenin in. See Lenin, Vladimir
Magnetic City in. See Magnitogorsk (Magnetic City)
mechanization in, 184–188, 234
New Man in, 364
oppression of intellectuals in, 312–315
Robeson visiting, 112
Russell on, 245
Shaw on, 244
Spanish Civil War and, 387, 390–391
Stalin in. See Stalin, Joseph
Ukraine and. See Ukraine
Soviet Writers’ Union, 314–315
Spanish Civil War
Barcelona skirmish in, 373–374
Franco in, 376–377, 382–383
full-scale war in, 378–382
Operation Fiery Magic and, 382–387
origins of, 375–376
political purges and, 391–396
Stalin intervening in, 387–389
writings about, 389–391
Spanish flu, 33
Spartanburg, South Carolina, 50
speakeasies, 63–64, 67–68
“The Spectral Attitudes” (1926), 131
Speer, Albert, 361
Spender, Stephen, 242, 266, 389
Spengler, Oswald