The Gallipoli Story
Page 13
Snelling, Stephen, VCs of the First World War: Gallipoli, Sutton Publishing, 1999.
The Anzac Book, Cassell & Co, 1916.
Wanliss, Newton, The History of the Fourteenth Battalion AIF, The Arrow Printery, 1929.
Articles
The Age, Melbourne, issues from August 1914 to December 1915.
Anonymous, ‘Discipline’, The Duckboard, 1 November 1924.
Anonymous, ‘How The VC Is Made’, The Duckboard, 1 March 1921.
Argus, Melbourne, issues from August–December 1915.
Brotchie, Phil, ‘A Soldier’s View of War: Grandfather at Gallipoli’, the Genealogist, September 1996.
Dix, Charles, ‘Efficient Navy: How Troops Were Landed’, Reveille, March 1932.
Dunstan, Keith, ‘Unsung Hero’s Number Comes Up’, Bulletin, 30 April 1996.
Hamilton, Ian, ‘Lack of Guns In Gallipoli Campaign’, Reveille, September 1932.
Robertson, J. C., ‘The Landing: Epic Feat’, Reveille, 31 March 1931.
Tame, Adrian, ‘The Greatest Love Of All’, Sunday Herald-Sun, 19 May 2002.
Tate, Brian, ‘The Assassin Of Gallipoli’, Courier-Mail, 24 April 1993.
Diaries and Letters
The following are all to be found in the collections of the Australian War Memorial, Canberra.
Private Arthur Blackburn AWM 2DRL/0650
Private Joe Cumberland AWM PR86/147
Private Oliver Cumberland AWM PR86/147
Private J. K. Gammage AWM PR82/003
Private James Grieve AWM PR91/079
Private Cecil McAnulty AWM 1DRL/0422
Captain Ivor Margetts AWM 1DRL/0478
Private James Martin AWM PR85/339
Chaplain E. N. Merrington AWM 1DRL/0496
Sergeant Cliff Pinnock AWM 1DRL/0547
Private John Simpson (Kirkpatrick) AWM 3DRL/3424
Private Letters
Colonel Walter Cass (courtesy of Diana Cousens)
Private David McGarvie (courtesy of Christine Gascoyne)
Private Myles O’Reilly (courtesy of Tom O’Reilly)
Lance Corporal Phil Robin (courtesy of Robin Ashwin)
Websites
Australian War Memorial: awm.gov.au
Visit Gallipoli at anzacsite.gov.au
Visit the Imperial War Museum at iwm.org.uk/
Film and Video
Australians at War (episode 2), Beyond Productions, 2001, ABC documentary series.
Forgotten Men: The Human Experience of World War I, Canal+Images International, 1999. Originally made in 1934 from footage at the Imperial War Museum.
Gallipoli, feature film directed by Peter Weir, 1981.
Gallipoli: History in the Depths, Turkish documentary, English translation by SBS Australia.
Gallipoli: The Fatal Shore, reported by Chris Masters for the ABC.
Gallipoli: The Last Crusade, Ed Skelding Productions, 1999.
Gallipoli 1915: The Bloody Peninsula, Castle Communications PLC.
Great Military Blunders, Channel Four Television Corporation, UK.
Heroes of Gallipoli, Australian War Memorial. Ellis Ashmead-Bartlett’s movie film from Gallipoli, with titles by Charles Bean.
Kitchener: The Empire’s Flawed Hero, a Brook Lapping Production for the BBC.
The Anzac Legend, Interface Production and Direct Video, 1990.
Endnotes
Chapter One
‘Why don’t the – fire’, quoted in Bill Gammage, The Broken Years, page 54
‘Tell the colonel that the damn fools’, quoted in Charles Bean, Official History of Australia in the War of 1914-18, Vol I, page 252
‘Look at that’, quoted in Charles Bean, page 252
‘Klock-klock-klock, wee-wee-wee’, quoted in Gammage, page 55
‘With a sharp moan or low gurgling cry’, Charles Bean, page 254
‘Just like little birds’, quoted in Charles Bean, page 254
Story of Donald and Arthur Veitch from Adrian Tame, Sunday Herald Sun, 19 May 2002
‘Then began the strain of waiting’ quoted in Ronald McNicoll, Walter Ramsay McNicoll 1877-1947, page 57
Chapter Two
Una’s wearing of purple and green brooch, as told to author by Joan Crommelin, February 2001
‘I got in by the skin of my teeth’, Cumberland letters, held by the Australian War Memorial
‘Thousands of Union Jacks fluttered’, told by L. L. Robson, The First A.I.F. A Study of Its Recruitment 1914–1918, page 35
Enlistment figures from E. Scott, Official History of Australia in the War of 1914–18, Vol XI, Appendix III
Renditions of ‘Rule Britannia’, L. L. Robson, page 24
‘Spy-mania’, E. Scott
‘Hundreds of thousands of Australians’, Geoffrey Blainey, Eye On Australia, page 223
Australia ‘didn’t know what it was like’, Les Carlyon, Gallipoli, page 117
Australians wearing identity discs to their eyes, told in John Robertson, Anzac and Empire, page 37
Chapter Three
Simpson’s hoping to go to England, Private John Simpson (Kirkpatrick) letters, AWM
‘In your tucker, in your ears’, quoted in Bill Gammage, page 44
New words such as imshee yalla, told in Charles Bean, page 218
‘They are the funniest people on earth’, Cumberland letters, AWM Sentry joke, told in John Robertson, page 43
‘Rather naughty’, quoted in John Robertson, page 40
‘Australians are notorious characters’, quoted in John Robertson, page 41
Kitchener’s ‘spectacles flashed’, Ian Hamilton, Gallipoli Diary, Vol I, page 8
‘All through our history such attacks’, quoted in Cecil Aspinall-Oglander, Military Operations: Gallipoli, Vol I, page 101
Chapter Four
‘The boys are talking like a lot of school kids’, quoted in Bill Gammage, page 49
Darnell forgetting to draw his revolver, quoted in Peter Bowers, Anzacs, page 17
‘Black clouds’, quoted in Robert Rhodes James, page 114
‘How we prayed’, quoted in Robert Rhodes James, page 115
‘The way our chaps’, Private Arthur Blackburn letters, AWM
‘It was a case of a quick search’, quoted in Ronald McNicoll, page 61
‘We rejoiced as we gripped our rifles’, quoted in Gammage, page 56 Evacuation figures given in Charles Bean, Vol II
‘I know it’s right and proper’, quoted in Gammage page 59
Chapter Five
‘I must remind all of you’, quoted in Robert Rhodes James, page 166
‘Absolute minimum’, quoted in A. G. Butler, Official History of the Australian Army Medical Services, page 120
‘Only one 18-pounder landed by 6 pm’, Les Carlyon, page 166
‘He was so short of ammunition’, told in Charles Bean, page 435
‘Found myself in the semi-darkness’, Ellis Ashmead-Bartlett, The Uncensored Dardanelles, page 48
‘I know my representation is most serious’, Ian Hamilton, page 143
‘You have got through the difficult business’, Ian Hamilton, page 144
‘Una I don’t know how Joe is at present’, Cumberland letters, AWM
‘Poor Joe is gone’ Cumberland letters, AWM
‘Bearded, ragged at knees’, Bean, Vol I, page 535
‘For my own part I had no overcoat’, Ivor Margetts letters, AWM
Chapter Six
‘Pock-marked with caves’, Ian Hamilton, page 178
‘They are like masterless men’, quoted in Jock Phillips, Nicholas Boyack and E. P. Malone, The Great Adventure, page 44
‘F . . . ing old bastard Neptune’, quoted in Robert Rhodes James, page 178
‘We received the same old shells today’, The Gallipoli Diary of Sergeant Lawrence, edited by Ronald East, page 34
‘Yet everything works as smoothly as on a peace parade’, War Letters of General Monash, edited by Tony Macdougall, page 55
‘We are all of us
certain’, Tony Macdougall, page 48
‘Very valuable in demonstrating’, quoted in Christopher Pugsley, Gallipoli: The New Zealand Story, page 183
‘Casualties?’ quoted in Compton Mackenzie, Gallipoli Memories, page 152
‘Are you hit?’ quoted in Ronald McNicoll, page 68
‘The machine guns bellowed and poured on them sheets of flame’, quoted in Ronald McNicoll, page 69
‘Many men had been hit before reaching the Tommies’ Trench’, Charles Bean, Official History of Australia in the War of 1914-18, Vol II, page 39
‘Hullo, old man; you up here?’ quoted in Charles Bean, Gallipoli Mission, page 294
‘Dull, stupid, cruel bungling’, quoted in Gallipoli Correspondent, edited by Kevin Fewster, page 99
Chapter Seven
‘Have they?’ quote from Compton Mackenzie, page 81
Detail on Simpson and his donkeys taken from John Robertson, page 93
Detail of Annie’s brooch, Simpson and the Donkey, Peter Cochrane, page 30
‘We would like a few lines’, Simpson letters, AWM
Chapter Eight
Estimation of rounds fired, given in John Robertson, page 94
‘We got up to all sorts of dodges’, quoted in John Robertson, page 94
‘I managed to get the beggars, sir’, quoted in Charles Bean, Vol II, page 150
‘Hey, have any of you muckers’, quoted in Compton Mackenzie, page 79
‘Looking down I saw squelching up from the ground’, Compton Mackenzie, page 83
‘Not wounded but killed, their heads doubled under them’, Aubrey Herbert, Mons, Anzac and Kut, page 139
Chapter Nine
‘Men lived through more in five minutes on that crest’, Ian Hamilton, page 258
‘Now we have given them a sporting chance’, quoted in Phillip Schuler, Australia in Arms, page 196
‘They have a peculiar smell’, The Gallipoli Diary of Sergeant Lawrence, page 28
‘Good God, I never want to see’, The Gallipoli Diary of Sergeant Lawrence, page 26
‘Just as we were crossing Shrapnel Gully’, Ion Idriess, The Desert Column, page 376
‘Like a lot of sparrows on a perch’, The Gallipoli Diary of Sergeant Lawrence, page 28
‘Oh, Hell’, Phillip Schuler, page 171
‘There were friends going every day’, quoted in Maurice Shadbolt, Voices of Gallipoli, page 90
‘The awful look on a man’s face after he has been bayoneted’, A. B. Facey, A Fortunate Life, page 258
‘A sort of love and trust in one another developed’, A. B. Facey, page 275
‘Roy was in pieces when they found him’, A. B. Facey, page 267
‘It wasn’t so bad’, A. B. Facey, page 261
‘Blue-black mixture’, Joe Murray, Gallipoli As I Saw It, page 76
‘The flies are simply unbearable’, Cecil McAnulty diary, AWM Food and water rations given in Charles Bean, Vols I and II.
‘The happiest man alive’, H. R. McLarty letters, AWM
‘The sea is nearly always’, The Gallipoli Diary of Sergeant Lawrence, page 35
‘It’s absolutely piteous to see’, The Gallipoli Diary of Sergeant Lawrence, page 46
Indians’ camp, Phillip Schuler, page 181
‘Anyhow, I don’t think that they could do it’, The Gallipoli Diary of Sergeant Lawrence, p58
Chapter Ten
‘Going off his head’, quoted in Ross McMullin, Pompey Elliot, page 130
‘Nothing; not a nosebag nor a bicycle’, Ian Hamilton, Vol II, page 51
Chapter Eleven
‘This is hell waiting here’, Cecil McAnulty diary, AWM
‘The fire was simply hellish’, quoted in Bill Gammage, page 69
‘We was like a mob of ferrets’, quoted in Kit Denton, Gallipoli: One Long Grave, page 87
Deaths from friendly fire at Lone Pine, asserted by Robert Rhodes James, page 265
‘Many were killed within a few minutes’, Charles Bean, Vol II, page 507
Avoiding treading on the faces of the dead, quoted in Bean, Vol II, page 532
‘We had no time to think of our wounded’, J. K. Gammage diary, AWM
‘For God’s sake send bombs’, quoted in Bean, Vol II, page 533
‘I remember dropping down’, Cecil McAnulty diary, AWM
‘Yet all one gave him was simply a casual glance’, The Gallipoli Diary of Sergeant Lawrence, page 68
‘One mass of dead bodies’, The Gallipoli Diary of Sergeant Lawrence, pp 68–69
‘In the trench I counted’, Ivor Margetts letters, AWM
‘Of all the bastards of places in the world’, Ion Idriess, page 396
Details of William Dunstan’s life from Keith Dunstan, the Bulletin, 30 April 1996
Details of VC winners given in Stephen Snelling, VCs of The First World War, pages 165 and 177
‘You can understand Una, that losing Joe has broken me up a bit’, Cumberland letters, AWM
Details of Lone Pine found in The Gallipolian, winter 2001–01, and Legacy notes
‘The trench was literally floored with dead’, Charles Bean, Vol II, page 551
Chapter Twelve
‘He made me a nice cover’, quoted in the Genealogist, September 1996
Details of Victorians taken prisoner given in The Lost Anzacs, Greg Kerr, page 98; and in The History of the Fourteenth Battalion AIF, Wanliss Newton
‘My men are not going to commit suicide’, quoted in Maurice Shadbolt, page 62
‘It’s only when your tongue actually rattles’, quoted in Shadbolt, page 93
‘Blood was flying about like spray’, quoted in Harry Davies, Allanson of the 6th, page 51
Chapter Thirteen
‘One continuous roaring tempest’, quoted in Peter Burness, The Nek, page 101
‘As though their limbs had become string’, Charles Bean, Vol II, page 614
‘Million ton hammer’, Cliff Pinnock letters, AWM
‘The only thing I could see worth shooting’, McGarvie family letters
‘There was no chance whatever’, Cliff Pinnock letters, AWM
‘They just mowed them down’, McGarvie family letters
‘I got within about six yards’, quoted in Burness, page 108
Details of Trooper White’s charge given in Burness, page 105
‘Push on’, and ‘I am sorry lads’, quoted in Burness, page 113
‘A bob in and the winner shouts’, quoted in Burness, page 117
‘At first here and there a man raised his arm to the sky’, Charles Bean, Vol II, page 633
‘Godley’s abattoir’, quoted in Christopher Pugsley, page 284
‘Yes, it was heroic’, quoted in Burness, page 126
Chapter Fourteen
‘On the hills we are the eyebrows’, Aubrey Herbert, page 192
‘Birdie and Godley are at work upon a scheme’, Ian Hamilton, Vol II, page 90
‘Inclined to be aggressive’, quoted in Robert Rhodes James, page 304
‘Another mismanaged soldier’, Ellis Ashmead-Bartlett, page 189
‘Weak as cats’, quoted in Robert Rhodes James, page 303
‘Writhing bodies trying to get away’, quoted in The Genealogist, September 1996
Details of Myles O’Reilly from O’Reilly family letters
‘We were in such a cramped position’, James Grieve letter, AWM
‘The whole was a rotten, badly organised show’, quoted in Peter Pedersen, Monash as Military Commander, page 119
Chapter Fifteen
‘I do not pretend to understand the situation’, quoted in the Argus, 30 October 1915
Chapter Sixteen
‘You’d say it was childish’, The Gallipoli Diary of Sergeant Lawrence, page 120
‘It is very quiet where we are’, James Martin letters, AWM
‘There was one Turk who tried to give himself up,’ James Martin letters, AWM
‘Blood has drained out of bodies’, Mehmed Fasih, Lone Pine (Bloody Ridg
e) Diary of Lieutenant Mehmed Fasih, page32
‘I can’t stand it any more’, Fasih, pages 60-61
‘Will I ever have a child who will call me ‘‘Daddy’’?’, Fasih, page 123
Chapter Seventeen
‘If it were true, God’, The Gallipoli Diary of Sergeant Lawrence, page 126
‘Stupendous and paralysing’, War Letters of General Monash, page 88
‘Better to struggle and die fighting’, The Gallipoli Diary of Sergeant Lawrence, page 130
‘I hope they won’t hear us marching back’, quoted in Cecil Aspinall-Oglander, Vol II, page 453
‘The last day was simply awful’, Cliff Pinnock letters, AWM
‘My God, I would have given anything in the world’, Cliff Pinnock letters, AWM
‘It’s a pity not to use them’, quoted in W. J. Harvey, The Red and White Diamond: Official History of the 24th Battalion AIF, page 56
‘It was a most brilliant conception’, War Letters of General Monash, page 98
Chapter Eighteen
‘Dear little wife and kiddie’, quoted in Peter Burness, page 75
‘I have never recovered from my 1914–18 experiences’, quoted in Stephen Snelling, page 228
‘I suppose that on some day, on some high plateau’, War Letters of General Monash, page 62
Acknowledgments
There has been so much documented on Gallipoli that one could spend many years researching a book on the campaign. Half the battle, when tackling the subject – and working to a deadline – is to figure out what’s important and what’s not. Many people deserve thanks for steering me in the right direction.
The battlegrounds themselves make little sense without expert guidance. I thank Kenan Celik, who patiently guided me over Anzac and Suvla. Ashley Ekins and Ian Kelly, from the Australian War Memorial, allowed me to tag along with their Gallipoli tour in 2000. Peter Burness allowed me to quote from his book, The Nek, as did Christopher Pugsley from Gallipoli: The New Zealand Story; Bill Gammage from The Broken Years; Ross McMullin from Pompey Elliott; and Greg Kerr, from Lost Anzacs.
Like all who research Gallipoli, I found the two volumes of Charles Bean’s Official History of Australia in the War of 1914–18 to be invaluable. Sir Ian Hamilton’s Gallipoli Diary shed much light on the problems of the campaign.
My thanks go to the numerous people who allowed me use of letters and diaries: Dr Margaret Heese, daughter of Sergeant Cyril Lawrence; Betty Durre, granddaughter of Sir John Monash; Judy Malone, widow of E. P. Malone (Colonel Malone’s grandson); Diana Cousens, granddaughter of Brigadier Walter Cass; Christine Gascoyne and David Collyer, grandchildren of Private David McGarvie; Robin Ashwin, nephew of Lance Corporal Phil Robin; Tom O’Reilly, son of Private Myles O’Reilly; Joan Crommelin, niece of privates Joe and Oliver Cumberland; Jack Harris, nephew of Private James Martin; Bill Gammage, great-nephew of Private John Gammage; Phil Brotchie, grandson of Private ‘Dad’ Brotchie; Major Harry Davies, nephew of Colonel Allanson; Keith Dunstan, son of Corporal William Dunstan; and Andrew Denton, son of Kit Denton.