Book Read Free

Go West, Young Women!

Page 42

by Hilary Hallett


  Moreno, Antonio, 134, 268n33, 271n77

  Moscow Art Theatre, 141

  motherhood, 61, 91; without marriage, 41, 131. See also single mothers; work and, 93, 118, 214

  Motion Picture Magazine, 51, 118, 123, 142, 144

  Motion Picture News, 14

  Motion Picture Patents Company (MPPC), 48, 160-61, 175, 280n39

  Motion Picture Producers and Distributors Association (MPPDA; Hays Office), 23, 208, 238n36, 298n118; Public Relations Committee (PRC), 209; Production Code, 211, 236n29

  Motion Picture Theatre Owners Association (MPTOA), 178, 198, 294n72

  Motion Picture Producers Association (MPPA), 197

  Moving Picture World, 7, 48, 52, 64, 198, 228n8

  Mulock, D.M., 240n6

  Mulvey, Laura, 268n31

  Munsterberg, Hugo, 41-42, 46, 70, 219

  Murger, Henri, 148

  Murray, Mae, 271n77

  Museum of Modern Art, 9

  Mutual Film Corporation v. Ohio Industrial Commission (1915), 19, 20, 84, 236n29

  narrative films, 6–7, 47

  Nasaw, David, 82

  Nation, The, 157, 158

  National Association of the Motion Picture Industry (NAMPI), 155, 174-76, 178

  National Board of Censorship, 283n82

  National Board of Review (NBR), 168-70, 172-73

  National Woman's Party, 91

  nativism, 4, 22, 108, 157, 228n4, 283n79. See also Americanism

  Nazimova, Alla, 15, 113, 136, 140-44, 143, 151, 273nn105-7, 274n118, 275n124

  Negri, Pola, 22, 44, 110-12, 111, 140, 172, 216, 265n6

  Neilan, Marshall, 271n77

  new immigrants. See immigrants, Southern and Eastern European

  New Jersey, film production in, 6, 7

  New Negroes, 164

  New Republic, 27, 105, 106

  New Wave cinema, 256n36

  New Women, 11, 17, 71, 172, 218, 240n5; films depicting, 132, 138, 219; Klan antagonism toward, 164; social controversy about, 76, 92; success in public sphere of, 39; Western, 12, 24, 50

  New York: censorship campaign in, 171–74, 179; film industry in, 7, 16, 46, 165; theater in, 33-35, 39, 46, 141-42

  New York American, 53, 189, 194, 208, 287n10

  New York Civic League, 176

  New York Dramatic Mirror, 6

  New York Hat, The, 52

  New York Mirror Annual, 244n43

  New York Morning Telegraph, 81, 84

  New York Society for the Suppression of Vice, 166

  New York Times, 21, 23, 94, 95, 142, 163, 174–76, 188, 189, 263n14, 291n53

  New York World, 159

  nickelodeons, 6, 8, 18–19, 53, 161, 228n8

  Night Riders, 19

  noir, 212, 215, 216

  Oakley, Laura, 78

  Oberholtzer, Ellis, 67, 165, 167-70

  Old Wives for New, 117, 132, 167

  Only Yesterday (Allen), 103

  Orientalism, 110, 113, 118, 127–28, 141, 151, 278n12; sexual danger attributed to, 127, 139, 156, 161-63, 177-78

  Over the Rhine, 182, 183

  Painter, Nell Irving, 258n64

  Paradise Garden, 182, 182

  Paramount Pictures, 107, 111, 155. See also Famous Players-Lasky (FPL)/Paramount; Arbuckle at, 195, 213, 216; as distributor, 56, 108, 277n6, 297n117; Swanson at, 117, 123

  Park, Ida May, 77

  Parsons, Louella, 15, 71-85, 81, 88-99, 105, 180–82, 259n82; on attitudes toward marriage and divorce, 94–99, 262n120; autobiography of, 79–80; background of, 72, 257n48; celebrity journalism of, 15, 71-72; at Essanay, 72; frontier thesis applied to motion pictures by, 16, 99; Hearst and, 83–84, 208, 254n12; moves to New York, 79-80; Petrova and, 82; reporting during Great War by, 85–86; syndicated column of, 72-77, 80; in Woman Pays Club, 174; women's achievements covered by, 27, 77-79, 88-93, 255n25,

  Passing of the Great Race (Grant), 159

  Passion, 110, 111, 172, 173, 265n7

  Pathé Frères, 61, 251n137, 280n39

  Payne Film Study (PFS), 64, 272n87

  “Peace Ship,” 159

  Pearson, Roberta, 278n11

  Peiss, Kathy, 20

  Penalty, The, 172, 173

  Pennsylvania State Board of Censors, 166-67, 237n32

  People's Institute, 283n82

  Perils of Pauline, The (serial), 12, 64, 83–84

  Peter Pan (Barrie), 51

  Petrova, Olga, 66, 82, 91-92, 257n55, 259n82

  Pettijohn, Charles, 108–9, 264n21

  Philadelphia, theater in, 35–36, 39, 47

  Philadelphia Public Ledger, 191

  Philosophy of Love, The, 134

  Photoplay, 27, 69, 81, 142, 151, 153, 234n20, 253n3, 263n14; editorial against Ford's anti-Semitism in, 163; fashion column in, 113-14; on female fans, 71, 79; on Glyn's arrival in America, 128–29; Humoresque awarded medal of honor by, 97, 105; on Latin lovers, 134, 140; on popularity of female Western stars, 61-62, 67-68; production companies of female stars criticized in, 57, 88; St. Johns writes for, 144–47, 213–14; Swanson in, 121–23; views on marriage discussed in, 130–31, 271n77, n79; working-class women as readership of, 115-16

  Pickford, Mary, 15, 26–30, 42–48, 43, 45, 51-57, 58, 67, 79, 92, 195, 216, 239n2, 250n116, n119; autobiography of, 26-27, 259n75; at Biograph, 46-48, 53, 245-46n60, 248n95; childhood of, 26, 44; DeMille and, 76, 87; divorce of, 95, 207, 209; as family provider, 38, 42, 44, 46-47; female fans of, 12, 44-45, 54-56, 246n64; films produced by, 51-52, 55, 87-88; and founding of United Artists, 27, 88; on Liberty Loan tours, 84–87, 85, 155; Marion and, 17, 56, 90-91, 116, 260n97; marriage of Fairbanks and, 95–97, 96, 209, 245n60; and postwar European film talent, 110–11; and rise of star system, 27-30, 48, 52, 56-57, 69, 86, 117, 239n3; salary of, 44-46, 56, 249n107; stage career of, 34, 42–43, 46–47, 52–53; Zukor and, 53-54, 56

  Pictorial Review, 114, 154, 155, 157

  Picture-Goer magazine, 82

  Pinero, Arthur Wing, 42

  Porter, Edwin, 77

  Price, Gertrude, 70, 254n4

  Printers’ Ink, 73

  prizefight films, 175-76

  problem girls. See female delinquency

  Progressive reform, 4, 15–15, 20–21, 80, 133, 169-70, 227n2, 283n78

  Prohibition, 108, 116, 176, 177

  promiscuity, 20, 21

  prostitution, 20, 41; forced. See white slavery

  Protestants, 31, 38-39, 158, 175, 176, 208; native born, 4, 5, 23, 164-65; influence of Orientalism on, 162

  Protestant work ethic, 8, 75

  Protocols of the Elders of Zion, 162, 281n51

  public opinion, 156, 173, 178, 197

  Public's Pleasure, The (Barry), 9, 70

  Pulitzer, Joseph, 82

  purity reform, 107-8, 156, 166-68, 174-78, 240

  Quigley, Martin, 198–99

  Quirk, James, 57, 88, 163

  Quirk, Josephine, 99

  Quirt, The ), 231n15

  racial degeneration, fear of, 21, 156, 159

  Radway, Janice A., 255n21

  Rambeau, Marjorie, 132-33

  Rambova, Natacha, 143, 143-44, 275n124

  Ramona (Jackson), 4

  Ramsaye, Terry, 109, 278n11

  Rappe, Virginia, 180-84, 182, 183, 238n38, 287n3; death of, 213. See also Arbuckle-Rappe scandal

  Real Life (Webster), 231n15

  Rebecca of Sunnybrook Farm, 55

  Red Lantern, The, 142

  Reid, Wallace, 57, 130, 209

  Republican Party, 23, 208; National Committee, 108

  respectability, 8, 16, 77, 92, 215; censorship and, 166, 195, 209; defiance of, 115, 148, 218; fear of feminist rejection of, 91; middle-class, 6, 150, 169, 236n29, 278n11; of movie industry, impact of Arbuckle-Rappe scandal on, 23–24, 197; movies blamed for breakdown of, 106–7; of Woman's Vigilant Committee, 200, 202, 207; and women in theater, 14, 29-31, 34, 39

  Resurrection, 50

  “revolt from the village” school of literature, 92, 218

  Rex Com
pany, 77

  Rinehart, Mary Roberts, 90

  Rogers, Earl, 144

  Rogers, Will, 271n77

  Roland, Ruth, 44, 61-62, 62, 63, 251n137

  Romeo and Juliet (Shakespeare), 37, 48

  Roosevelt, Theodore, 4, 15, 93-94

  Rosita, 110

  rural problem, 4, 15, 80

  Ruskin, John, 209

  Ruth of the Range, 251n137

  Ruth of the Rockies, 251n137

  Ryan, Mary, 35

  Sadie Thompson, 211

  St. Johns, Adela Rogers, 15, 17, 43, 119, 144-45, 147, 148, 213-15, 275n127

  St. Johns, Ike, 144

  St. Louis Post-Dispatch, 189

  Salvation Army, 77

  San Francisco: Its Builders Past and Present (S.J. Clarke), 200

  San Francisco Examiner, 184–89, 200, 203, 204, 287n10

  Sanger, Margaret, 133

  Saturday Evening Post, 38

  scandals, 39, 95, 103, 126, 135, 209. See also Arbuckle-Rappe scandal

  Schenck, Joseph, 88-89, 114, 259n85

  Schickel, Richard, 239n3

  Scott, Walter, 36, 41, 126

  Screen Writers Guild, 218

  Scripps, E.W., 83

  Scripps-McRae newspapers, 254n4

  Second Sex, The (Beauvoir), 28-29, 219

  Seigel, Jerrold, 148

  Select Pictures, 89

  Selig Polyscope, 7, 280n39

  Selznick, Lewis, 76, 88, 108

  Semnacher, Al, 22, 185, 205, 206

  Senate, U.S., 157, 198; Judiciary Committee, 178

  Sennett, Mack, 9, 121, 189, 256n35, 269n45, 294n72

  serials: melodramatic mode in, 83; print, 12, 57, 83, 233n19, 275n132; women starring in, 11–12, 57, 66, 92. See also Fuller, Mary; Holmes, Helen; Roland, Ruth; White, Pearl

  Sex, 66

  sex education, 172

  sexuality, 149-50, 156, 208, 271n73. See also manners and morals, postwar revolution in; censorship and, 154-56, 167–68, 170–72; in companionate marriage, 133; feminism and, 28, 91–92, 260n101; of flappers, 116; glamour and, 119-20; Glyn on, 124, 126, 129; in postwar movies, 21, 110, 111, 117-18, 131–32, 141, 165–67, 208, 172, 177–78, 267n28; of “problem girls,” 20, 106; scandalous, see scandals; of stage actresses, 30-31, 34, 41, 47; of Valentino, 135–36, 138, 140; of vamps, 66–67, 267n23

  sexual politics, 8, 9, 16, 92, 166, 220. See also gender/gender roles

  Shakespeare, William, 31, 34-37, 41, 42, 48, 190

  Sheik, The, 138–40

  Sherman, Lowell, 185, 193

  Sherman Anti-trust Act (1890), 160

  Silver King, The, 46

  Sims Act (1912), 175-76

  single mothers, 35, 44-45, 81, 169

  Sklar, Robert, 280n39

  Smalley, Phillips, 77

  Smart Set The, 6, 147

  Smith, Gladys. See Pickford, Mary

  Solter, Harry, 51

  Somborn, Herbert K., 261n105

  Something to Think About, 267n28

  Souls for Sale, 68, 216, 231n15

  Sproul, William Cameron, 167

  stage. See legitimate theater; vaudeville

  stage mothers, stereotype of, 44

  Staiger, Janet, 14

  Stamp, Shelley, 14, 235n26

  Stanislavski, Constantin, 141

  Stansell, Christine, 242n15

  Stanwyck, Barbara, 219

  Starr, Kevin, 5

  star system, 32, 33, 77, 86, 118; development of, 12, 57; expansion of audiences in response to, 161; impact of Arbuckle-Rappe scandal on, 23; journalism and, 69, 73; Pickford and, 27, 54; producers’ attempts to weaken, 118, 162, 249n114, 256n35

  Stewart, Anita, 259n82, 271n77

  Stonehouse, Ruth, 79

  story pictures, 6–7, 47; censorship of, 19–20

  studio system, 56, 208, 234n22

  suffrage movement. See woman suffrage

  Sumner, John, 166

  Sunshine and Shadow (Pickford), 26–27

  Sunshine Comedies, 182

  Supreme Court, U.S., 18, 20, 84, 161

  Susman, Warren, 239n3

  Swanson, Gloria, 15, 110, 117-22, 128-32, 267n27, 269n45, 271n77; childhood of, 44; glamour of, 111–13, 118–21, 119; Glyn and, 118, 123, 125, 128-30, 208; marriages and divorces of, 93, 131, 211, 261n105, 269n49; sexuality in films of, 22, 117–18, 131–32, 172, 208, 209, 210, 267n28, 271n75

  Sweet, Blanche, 246n64

  Taft, William Howard, 163

  Talmadge, Constance, 44, 114, 115, 131, 143, 271n77

  Talmadge, Natalie, 114, 115, 143

  Talmadge, Norma, 15, 44, 79, 88-89, 113-16, 115, 131, 143, 271n77, 277n4; Film Corporation, 114, 259n85

  Talmadge, Peg, 43, 115, 266n17

  Talmadge Sisters, The (Talmadge), 115

  Tarzan of the Apes (Burroughs), 215

  Taylor, William Desmond, 209

  Temple, Shirley, 212

  Tess of the Storm Country, 55, 56

  Thackeray, William Makepeace, 126

  Theatrical Syndicate, 274n113

  Three Weeks (Glyn), 124–27, 141

  Tiger's Tail, The, 251n137

  Timber Queen, The, 62, 251n137

  Titanic (ship), 129

  Toledo News Bee, 48, 70

  tourism, 5–7, 12, 13, 78, 98, 147, 227n3

  Trilby (du Maurier) 47

  true womanhood, ideal of, 34, 42, 132, 190, 194; death-before-dishonor code of, 190

  Turnbull, Margaret, The Close-Up, 10

  Turner, George Kibbe, 21

  Twain, Mark, 44

  20th Century Quarterly, 175

  Two Fathers, The, 248n87

  United Artists (UA), 55, 91, 95, 161, 259n85; Lubitsch at, 110; Pickford's role in founding of, 27, 44, 88; Swanson at, 211, 267n27

  Universal Studios, 17, 48, 51, 52, 77, 89, 256n42; at Universal City, 7, 12, 62, 78

  Universal Weekly, 78

  Uricchio, William, 278n11

  Valentino, Rudolph, 22, 111, 112, 135–36, 138–40, 139, 143–44, 182, 209, 210, 287n5

  vamps, 66-67, 82, 116, 142, 163, 257n55

  Vance, Louis Joseph, 231n15

  Variety, 81, 140, 195, 291n53

  Van Doren, Carl, 80

  vaudeville, 40, 42, 82, 176

  Vercoe, Edna, 58-59, 64

  Versailles, Treaty of, 110

  Victor Film Company, 51, 248n90

  Victoria, Queen, 36

  Victorian era, 11, 73, 80, 126; breakdown of code of morality of, 106; gender roles in, 132; home furnishing in, 121; ideal of true womanhood in, 28, 34

  Vidor, Florence, 132

  Vidor, King, 18, 195

  Vitagraph Studios, 50, 268n33, 280n39

  VLSE, 250n116, 278n6

  Walcamp, Marie, 61-62

  Walker, Charlotte, 46

  Walker, Lillian, 259n82

  Walnut Street Theatre (Philadelphia), 35-36

  Walsh, Raoul, 96–97

  War Brides, 142

  Warner brothers, 228n5

  Warrens of Virginia, The (de Mille), 46

  Weber, Lois, 15, 17, 77–78, 115, 256m39

  Webster, Henry Kitchell, 231n15

  Welter, Barbara, 24 on 5

  West, Mae, 211, 212

  Westerns, 5, 9, 59; lower prestige of, 57, 230n14; popularity of male stars of, 61; women in, 50, 62

  What Happened to Mary? (serial), 54, 58

  White, Daniel, 51

  White, Grace Miller, 55

  White, Pearl, 11-12, 64-65, 65, 67-68, 75, 271n77; celebrity reporting on, 69, 84; childhood of, 44; western persona of, 12, 57, 64; popularity of, 61-62, 232n18

  White Eagle, 251n137

  white slavery, 21, 106, 167, 176, 195

  white supremacy. See Ku Klux Klan

  Why Change Your Wife, 117, 118, 267n28

  Wid's Year Book 1920, 108, 263n7, 264n20

  Wiggin, Kate Douglas, 55

  Wilbur, Crane, 64, 75

  Williams, J.D., 87

  Wilson, Harry Leon, 231n15

&nb
sp; Wilson, Woodrow, 84, 85, 155, 163, 279n20

  Winters, Alice Ames, 214

  Woman Pays Club, The, 97, 98, 174

  woman suffrage, 13, 50, 16, 91, 296n103; actress advocates of, 66, 78, 140, 144

  Woman's Vigilant Committee (WVC), 200, 202-4, 206-7, 211, 295n80, 299n127

  Women Adrift (Kunzel and Meyerowitz), 237n31

  Women's Christian Temperance Union (WCTU), 170, 174

  Women's Court, 200, 204

  Women's Municipal League, 169, 283n82

  working wives, 92–93, 96, 130, 214–15, 260n103

  World War I. See Great War

  World War II, 219

  Wright, Willard Huntington, 6, 147

  Yallop, David, 298n127

  Yezierska, Anzia, 218

  You Can't Believe Everything, 121-23

  Young, Clara Kimball, 15, 76, 86, 88, 123, 134-36, 182, 246n64, 298n127

  Young Women's Christian Association (YWCA), 150

  Ziegfeld Follies, 43

  Zukor, Adolph, 53-54, 69, 86-88, 108, 145, 161, 228n5; censorship advocates’ anti-Semitic attacks on, 177, 178; Federal Trade Commission charges against, 179, 198; and Hearst's scandal mongering, 189; Pickford and, 27, 53, 54, 56, 88; and postwar revolution in manners and morals, 107; studio system pioneered by, 208, 234-35n22; vertically integrated business structure of, 27, 86

 

 

 


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