The Train to Crystal City: FDR's Secret Prisoner Exchange
Page 42
Jewish question and immigration restrictions and, 177, 229–31
Kuhn and the Bund and, 99
Liberty ships and, 232
Nazis and Nazi sympathizers investigation and, 26–27
New Deal of, 21, 44, 72, 99, 229–30
Pearl Harbor attack and, 30–31
War Refugee Board set up by, 264
World War II and, 28–29, 236
Yalta meeting between Churchill and Stalin and, 214
Zangara’s attack on, 25
Roosevelt, Sara Delano, 21
Rosensaft, Hadassah, 266, 267, 268
Rosensaft, Josef, 266–68
Rowe, James H., 33
Rubinstein, Helena, 98–99
San Antonio, Texas, internment camp, 43, 89, 100
Santa Fe Internment Camp, New Mexico, 121, 126, 143, 147, 165, 166
Sasaki, Sachi, 174
Sawamura, Hollywood, 136
Schlueter case, 307
schools
at Crystal City, 134–35, 163, 233, 296, 299. See also Federal School; German School; Japanese School
at Gila River camp, Arizona, 148
at Heart Mountain camp, Wyoming, 128–29
Seagoville, Texas, internment camp, 40–41, 43, 56, 189
Shepard, Bert, 194, 323–24
Shimahara, Kazuko, 112
Shimatsu, Kiyo, 314, 315
Smith, Pamela, 57
Soong, T. V., 50, 51
Spain (Spanish consul), as protecting power for Japanese internees, 154–55, 169, 171, 299
Special War Problems Division, State Department, 28, 39, 54, 78, 96, 122, 123, 165
Stalin, Joseph, 214, 323
Stannard, Amy, 40, 41, 56
State Department, 28, 39, 41, 54, 62, 103, 124–25, 184, 185–86, 230, 231, 265, 321
Special War Problems Division of, 28, 39, 54, 78, 96, 122, 123, 165
Stern, Mrs., 292, 314
Stinson, Henry, 23
Straus, Nathan Jr., 230
Stringtown, Oklahoma, internment camp, 79–81
Supreme Court, 322–23
Suran, R. C., 100
Sussman, Margaret, 285–86
Sussman, Peter, 285, 286
Switzerland, as protecting power for German internees, 44, 93, 299
Tajii, Min, 256, 257, 291
Takeuchi, Toni, 179
Taname, Sachiko, 178–79
Taniguchi, Alan, xviii, xix, 145, 146, 147, 148, 149–51, 316, 317
Taniguchi, Evan, xix
Taniguchi, Isamu, xviii–xix, 145, 146–47, 149–51, 246
Taniguchi, Izumi, 145–46, 147–48, 149–51
Taniguchi, Rose, 136
Taniguchi, Sadayo, 145, 147, 150, 151
Taniguchi Garden, Austin, Texas, xviii, xix
Tate, R. C. (Robert Clyde), 134–36, 169–70, 172, 238, 244
Texas Rangers, 44
Theresienstadt concentration camp, Czechoslovakia, 206, 243
Thompson, Malvina, 27
Time magazine, 29, 231–32
Tomita, Ella Ohta, 243, 246
Tomita, Toni, 237, 317, 318
Topaz internment camp, Delta, Utah, 162–63
Toriu, Tsurukichi, 177
Truman, Harry S.
Clark on Supreme Court by, 322
Eleanor Roosevelt in UN delegation and, 323
Jewish displaced persons and, 263, 264, 265, 269–72, 274
Nuremberg tribunal and, 322
as president after Roosevelt’s death, 236
repatriation of alien enemies and, 246, 298, 307
surrender of Germany and, 323
Tsukamoto, Mary, 140–41
Tujunga detention center, California, 17–18
Tule Lake relocation camp, California, 150, 171
Tully, Grace, 33
Ulrich, Werner, xiii
United Nations, and Eleanor Roosevelt, 235–36, 323
United Nations Relief and Rehabilitation Administration (UNRRA), 211, 223, 224–25, 284
Uno, Buddy, 141–42, 143, 144
Uno, Edison, 144–45
Uno, Ernest (“Ernie”), 143–44, 151
Uno, George, 141, 142–43, 144
Uno, Howard, 144, 151
Uno, Kay, 142, 144
Uno, Riki, 144, 142, 143, 144
Uno, Robert, 144
Uno, Stanley, 144, 151
Utsushigawa, Nobu
daily life in Crystal City and, 132
daughter Sumi’s marriage and, 314, 315
daughter’s return to Los Angeles and, 292, 293
death of, 318
decision to repatriate to Japan, 121–22, 137
end of World War II and, 247
evacuation by, 16–17
health of, 128
Heart Mountain camp stay of, 127–28, 129
husband’s detention and, 17–18, 129
journey to Japan by, 249, 250, 251, 252, 254, 259
marriage of, 14, 15
Pearl Harbor attack and, 10, 11
practicing gaman by, 129, 251
proposed exchange as prisoner of war, 121, 122, 124, 125–26
return to Los Angeles by, 315, 318
reunion with husband, 125–26
Utsushigawa, Sumi, xvi
American citizenship of, 12, 137–38, 251, 289, 293
boys’ anti-Japanese attack on, 12–13
children of, 314–15, 318
on Crystal City experience, 313–14
daily life in Crystal City and, 132, 292
death of Roosevelt and, 234–35
decision to repatriate to Japan, 121–22, 137
decision to return to Los Angeles, 290
Ellis Island stay of, 126–27
end of World War II and, 247, 249
evacuation by, 16–17
family background of, 9–11, 15, 318
father’s detention and, 17–18, 129
Heart Mountain camp stay of, 127–30, 132, 254, 292, 314
Japanese heritage of, 129–30, 137
journey to Japan by, 249–52, 254–59
junior-senior prom and, 171
Pearl Harbor attack and, 9–11, 12
proposed exchange as prisoner of war, 121, 122, 124, 125–26
return to Los Angeles by, 292–93, 314–15
reunion at Crystal City on fiftieth anniversary with, 316–18
reunion of friends from Crystal City with, 315–16, 318
reunion with father, 125–26, 132
school and, 128–29, 132–38, 249, 250, 291, 292–93
Sendai, Japan, stay of, 259, 262, 289–90, 291–92
train trip to Crystal City by, 127, 130
Utsushigawa, Tokiji (“Tom”)
arrest and detention of, 15–17, 26, 262
Crystal City internment of, 315
daughter Sumi’s junior-senior prom and, 171
daughter’s marriage and, 314
daughter’s return to Los Angeles and, 291–92
death of, 318
decision to repatriate to Japan, 121–22, 126, 137
early life in Los Angeles of, 13–14, 314
end of World War II and, 247, 249
health of, 121
Japanese background of, 13, 14
journey to Japan by, 249, 250, 252, 254, 255, 259
marriage of, 14
Pearl Harbor attack and, 9–10, 11
photography business of, 14–15, 129, 249
pro-Japan sentiment of, 243, 262
proposed exchange as prisoner of war, 122, 124, 125–26
return to Los Angeles by, 315, 318
reunion with family, 125–26
Utsushigawa, Yoshiko, 121, 137, 290, 291
Uyeshima, Tai, 136
Vogl, Anna, 116–17
voluntary internment, 84, 87, 184
Von Ramien, Lulu, 195
War Department, 34, 231, 265
War Refugee Board, 231, 264
War Relocation Authority (WRA), 38, 139, 148, 149, 246, 337<
br />
Warren, Earl, 23
Weiland, John, 76–77
Westerbork Transit Camp, Netherlands, 205–07, 211, 227, 287
Wiedemann, Fritz, 160
Williams, Ivan, 45
Winchell, Walter, 98
Wolf, Henri, 226–27, 228–29, 231–32
Wolf, Jacob, 226–29, 231–32
Wolf, Marie (Mieke), 226, 227, 228, 231–32
Wolf, Sara (“Lien”), 226, 227, 228–29
World War I, 5, 24–25, 98
World War II, 32–33, 73, 85, 170, 197, 213–14, 243, 277–78, 323
Yamashita, Kenko, 136–37
Yasuda, “Lover,” 136
Yehudi Express (Crystal Camp school newspaper), 237
Yonekura, “Killer,” 238
Yonekura, Tosh, 292
Zangara, Giuseppe, 25
Zannoi, Elmo, 105
Zerbe, Hans, 105
Photograph Credits
courtesy of the Fukuda family.
All photographs are courtesy of UTSA’s Institute of Texan Cultures.
courtesy of the Franklin D. Roosevelt Presidential Library. courtesy of J. Barton Harrison.
All photographs are courtesy of UTSA’s Institute of Texan Cultures.
courtesy of Pamela Smith. courtesy of UTSA’s Institute of Texan Cultures.
courtesy of Ensila Eiserloh Bennett. courtesy of Diana Foster. courtesy of UTSA’s Institute of Texan Cultures.
courtesy of Sumi Shimatsu. courtesy of UTSA’s Institute of Texan Cultures. courtesy of Sumi Shimatsu.
courtesy of UTSA’s Institute of Texan Cultures. courtesy of Sumi Shimatsu. courtesy of UTSA’s Institute of Texan Cultures.
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