The Class of 1846

by John Waugh

  Rodenbough, Theo F., and William L. Haskin. eds. The Army of the United States: Historical Sketches of Staff and Line with Portraits of Generals-in-Chief. New York: Maynard, Merrill, 1896.

  Roland, Charles P. Albert Sidney Johnston: Soldier of Three Republics. Austin: University of Texas Press, 1964.

  _______, and Richard C. Robbins, eds. “The Diary of Eliza (Mrs. Albert Sidney) Johnston: The Second Cavalry Comes to Texas.” Southwestern Historical Quarterly 60 (April 1957): 463–500.

  Ruffin, Edmund. The Diary of Edmund Ruffin. Edited by William Kauffman Scarborough. 3 vols. Baton Rouge: Louisiana State University Press, 1972–1989.

  Russell, William Howard. My Diary North and South. Edited by Fletcher Pratt. New York: Harper & Brothers, 1954.

  Savage, Richard Henry. “Literature and Art at West Point.” Army and Navy Journal 39 (14 June 1902): 1025.

  Schaff, Morris. The Spirit of Old West Point, 1858–1862. Boston: Houghton Mifflin, 1907.

  Schwab, Julius L. “Some Closing Events at Appomattox.” Confederate Veteran 8 (February 1900): 71.

  Scott, Winfield. Memoirs of Lieut.-General Scott, LL.D, Written by Himself. 2 vols. New York: Sheldon & Company, 1864.

  Scott, Winfield. “Pickett’s Charge as Seen from the Front Line.” War Papers. No. 1. California Commandery, Military Order of the Loyal Legion of the United States, 8 February 1888.

  Sears, Stephen W. George B. McClellan: The Young Napoleon. New York: Ticknor & Fields, 1988.

  Semmes, Raphael. The Campaign of General Scott in the Valley of Mexico. Cincinnati: Moore & Anderson, 1852.

  Seymour, Truman. Military Education: A Vindication of West Point and the Regular Army. Re-publication of a letter in the Army and Navy Journal, 24 September 1864.

  _______. “An Episode of Fort Sumter: 1860.” Hand-written chiefly from the dictation of his wife, Louisa Seymour. 20 October 1874. U.S. Military Academy Library, West Point, NY.

  _______. “Memo of a Circumstance of 1860, Fort Moultrie, S.C. Recorded November 2, 1874.” U.S. Military Academy Library, West Point, NY.

  Shakespeare, William. As You Like It, and The Two Gentlemen of Verona. The Complete Works of William Shakespeare. 6 vols. New York: Bantam Books, 1988.

  Shields, Elise Trigg. “The Storming of Chapultepec.” Confederate Veteran 26 (September 1918): 399–401.

  Shotwell, Randolph A. “Virginia and North Carolina in the Battle of Gettysburg.” Our Living and Dead 4 (March 1876): 80–97.

  Simpson, Harold B. “The Second U.S. Cavalry in Texas, 1855–1861.” Texas Military History 8 (1970): 55–75.

  Smith, Ephraim Kirby. To Mexico with Scott: Letters of Captain E. Kirby Smith to His Wife. Edited by Emma Jerome Blackwood. Cambridge: Harvard University Press, 1917.

  Smith, George Winston, and Charles Judah, eds. Chronicles of the Gringos: The U.S. Army in the Mexican War, 1846–1848. Accounts of Eye-Witnesses & Combatants. Albuquerque: University of New Mexico Press, 1968.

  Smith, Gustavus W. Company “A,” Corps of Engineers, U.S.A., 1846- 48, in the Mexican War. Battalion Press, 1896.

  Smith, James Power. With Stonewall Jackson in the Army of Northern Virginia. 1920. Reprint. Gaithersburg, MD: Zullo and Van Sickle Books, 1982.

  _______. “Stonewall Jackson’s Last Battle.” Vol. 3 of Battles and Leaders.

  Smith, John Day. The History of the Nineteenth Regiment of Maine Volunteer Infantry, 1862–1865. Minneapolis: Nineteenth Maine Regimental Association, 1909.

  Smith, Justin H. The War with Mexico. 2 vols. 1919. Reprint. Gloucester, MA: Peter Smith, 1963.

  Smith, L. A. “Recollections of Gettysburg.” In War Papers Read before the Michigan Commandery of the Military Order of the Loyal Legion of the United States. Vol. 2. Detroit: James H. Stone & Co., 1898.

  Smith, William Ernest. The Francis Preston Blair Family in Politics. 2 vols. New York: Macmillan, 1933.

  A Soldier of the Civil War. By a Member of the Virginia Historical Society. Cleveland: Burrows Brothers Company, 1900.

  Sorrel, G. Moxley. Recollections of a Confederate Staff Officer. 1905. Reprint. Dayton: Press of Morningside Bookshop, 1978.

  Sperry, Kate. “Kate Sperry’s Diary, 1861–1866.” Edited by Christine Andreae. Virginia Country’s Civil War 1 (1983): 43–75.

  Spieler, Gerhard. “Captain Stuart—a Soldier’s Life, a Soldier’s Death.” Beaufort (SC) Gazette. (12 December 1974). Copy in Cullum File, Class of 1846, U.S. Military Academy Library, West Point, NY.

  Squires, Charles W. “The Last of Lee’s Battle Line.” Typescript autobiography. Edited by W.H.T. Squires. Manuscript Division, Library of Congress, Washington, DC.

  Stephenson, P. D. “Defence of Spanish Fort: On Mobile Bay—Last Great Battle of the War.” SHSP 39 (1914): 118–36.

  Stewart, George R. John Phoenix, Esq., The Veritable Squibob: A Life of Captain George H. Derby, U.S.A. 1937. Reprint. New York: De Capo Press, 1969.

  Stewart, Joseph. “The Class of 1842.” Army and Navy Journal 39 (14 June 1902): 1028.

  “ ‘Stonewall’ Jackson: Reminiscences of the Great Confederate Soldier as Related by Mrs. Lucy Chandler Pendleton to Edward T. Stuart at the Jackson Shrine at Guiney Station, Virginia, ‘Memorial Day’ May 30, 1930.” Typescript copy. Fredericksburg and Spotsylvania National Military Park.

  “Stonewall Jackson’s Body Passes through Charlottesville.” The Magazine of Albemarle County History 22 (1963–1964): 21–22.

  Stout, Clarence E. E. “John Gray Foster.” Granite Monthly 5 (May 1882): 260–61.

  “Strength of Ewell’s Division in the Campaign of 1862—Field Returns.” SHSP 8 (1880): 301–5.

  Strong, George Templeton. The Diary of George Templeton Strong. Edited by Allan Nevins and Milton Halsey Thomas. 4 vols. New York: Macmillan, 1952.

  Strother, David Hunter. A Virginia Yankee in the Civil War: The Diaries of David Hunter Strother. Edited by Cecil D. Eby, Jr. Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press, 1961.

  _______. “Personal Recollections of the War. By a Virginian.” Harper’s New Monthly Magazine (February 1868): 273–91 (April 1868): 567–82.

  Stuart, Benjamin R. Magnolia Cemetery: An Interpretation of Some of Its Monuments and Inscriptions, with a Reminiscence of Captain James Stuart.… Charleston, SC: Kahrs & Welch, 1896.

  Sturgis, Jerusha Wilcox. “Life of Mrs. S. D. Sturgis.” Typescript. Sturgis Family Papers, U.S. Military Academy Library, West Point, NY.

  Sturtevant, Ralph Orson. Pictorial History Thirteenth Regiment Vermont Volunteers, War of 1861–1865. Burlington, VT: Regimental Association, 1910.

  Summers, Festus P. The Baltimore and Ohio in the Civil War. New York: G. P. Putnam’s Sons, 1939.

  Swanberg, W. A. First Blood: The Story of Fort Sumter. New York: Charles Scribner’s Sons, 1957.

  Swinton, William. Campaigns of the Army of the Potomac. 1866. Reprint. Secaucus, NJ: Blue & Grey Press, 1988.

  Talbot, Theodore. Papers. Manuscript Division, Library of Congress, Washington, DC.

  Tanner, Robert G. “Jackson in the Shenandoah.” In The Guns of ’62. Vol. 2 of The Image of War: 1861–1865. Edited by William C. Davis. A project of the National Historical Society. Garden City, NY: Doubleday & Company, 1982.

  Taylor, Murray F. “Stonewall Jackson’s Death.” Confederate Veteran 12 (October 1904): 492–94.

  Taylor, Richard. Destruction and Reconstruction: Personal Experiences of the Late War. Edited by Richard B. Harwell. New York: Longmans, Green and Co., 1955.

  _______. “The Last Confederate Surrender.” SHSP 3 (1877): 155–58.

  Thayer, Sylvanus. Papers. U.S. Military Academy Library, West Point, NY.

  Thompson, David L. “With Burnside at Antietam.” Vol. 2 of Battles and Leaders.

  Thompson, Richard S. “A Scrap of Gettysburg.” In Military Essays and Recollections: Papers Read before the Commandery of the State of Illinois, Military Order of the Loyal Legion of the United States. Vol. 3. Chicago: Dial Press, 1899.

  Thompson, Robert
Luther. Wiringa Continent: The History of the Telegraph Industry in the United States, 1832–1866. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, 1947.

  Ticknor, George. Life, Letters, and Journals of George Ticknor. Edited by Anna Ticknor and George S. Hillard. 2 vols. Boston: James R. Osgood and Company, 1876.

  Tidball, John C. “Getting through West Point by One Who Did.” Typed manuscript. John C. Tidball Papers. U.S. Military Academy Library, West Point, NY.

  Tobie, Edward P. History of the First Maine Cavalry, 1861–1865. Published by the First Maine Cavalry Association. Boston: Press of Emery & Hughes, 1887.

  Townsend, George Alfred. Rustics in Rebellion: A Yankee Reporter on the Road to Richmond, 1861–65. Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press, 1950.

  Trimble, Isaac R. “North Carolinians at Gettysburg.” Our Living and Our Dead 4 (March 1876): 53–60.

  Tucker, G. W. “Death of General A. P. Hill.” SHSP 11 (1883): 564–69.

  Turner, George Edgar. Victory Rode the Rails. Indianapolis: Bobbs-Merrill Company, 1953.

  Turnley, Parmenas Taylor. Reminiscences of Parmenas Taylor Turnley: From the Cradle to Three-Score and Ten. Chicago: Donahue & Henneberry, 1892.

  Twain, Mark. Autobiography. With an introduction by Albert Bigelow Paine. 2 vols. New York: Harper & Brothers, 1924.

  Upson, Theodore F. With Sherman to the Sea: The Civil War Letters, Diaries & Reminiscences of Theodore F. Upson. Edited by Oscar Osburn Winther. Bloomington: Indiana University Press, 1958.

  U.S. Congress. Report of the Joint Committee on the Conduct of the War. 6 vols. Washington: Government Printing Office, 1863, 1863–65.

  _______. Supplemental Report of the Joint Committee on the Conduct of the War. 2 vols. Washington: Government Printing Office, 1866.

  _______. Senate. Report of the Secretary of War. 37th Cong., 1st sess. 1 July 1861. S. Doc. 1.

  _______. Report of Sterling Price on the Taos Rebellion, 30th Cong., 1st sess. S. Exec. doc. 1.

  U.S. Military Academy. Cadet Application Papers, 1805 to 1866. U.S. Military Academy Archives, West Point, NY.

  _______. The Centennial of the United States Military Academy at West Point, New York, 1802–1902. 2 vols. Washington: Government Printing Office, 1904.

  _______. Official Register of the Officers and Cadets of the U.S. Military Academy. West Point, NY: pub. annually, 1818–1850.

  _______. Post Orders, No. 2, 1 June 1842 to 22 June 1846. U.S. Military Academy Archives, West Point, NY.

  _______. Register of Merit, 1836 to 1852. No. 2. U.S. Military Academy, Archives, West Point, NY.

  _______. Regulations Established for the Organization and Government of the Military Academy. New York: Wiley & Putnam, 1839.

  _______. Staff Records, No. 3, 1842 to 1845. U.S. Military Academy Archives, West Point, NY.

  U.S. War Department. The War of the Rebellion: A Compilation of the Official Records of the Union and Confederate Armies. 70 vols. in 128 parts. 1880–1901. Reprint. Harrisburg, PA: Historical Times, 1985.

  Utley, Robert M. Frontiersmen in Blue: The United States Army and the Indian, 1848–1865. Lincoln, NE: University of Nebraska Press, 1967.

  “The Valley after Kernstown.” SHSP 19 (1891): 318–23.

  Vandiver, Frank E. Mighty Stonewall. 1957. Reprint. College Station, TX: Texas A&M University Press, 1989.

  Viele, Teresa Griffin. Following the Drum: A Glimpse of Frontier Life. 1958. Reprint. Lincoln, NE: University of Nebraska Press, 1984.

  Wainwright, Charles S. A Diary of Battle: The Personal Journals of Colonel Charles S. Wainwright, 1861–1865. Edited by Allan Nevins. New York: Harcourt, Brace & World, 1962.

  Walker, Charles D. Memorial, Virginia Military Institute: Biographical Sketches of the Graduates and Elèves of the Virginia Military Institute Who Fell during the War between the States. Philadelphia: J. B. Lippincott, 1875.

  Walker, Francis A. History of the Second Army Corps in the Army of the Potomac. New York: Charles Scribner’s Sons, 1886.

  Walker, John G. “Jackson’s Capture of Harper’s Ferry.” Vol. 2 of Battles and Leaders.

  _______. “Sharpsburg.” Vol. 2 of Battles and Leaders.

  Warner, Ezra J. Generals in Blue: Lives of the Union Commanders. Baton Rouge: Louisiana State University Press, 1964.

  Washington Evening Star.

  Washington Post.

  Weigley, Russell F. History of the United States Army. Enlarged ed. Bloomington: Indiana University Press, 1984.

  Weir, Irene. Robert W. Weir. New York: House of Field-Doubleday, 1947.

  Wheeler, Richard. Voices of the Civil War. New York: Thon as Y. Crowell, 1976.

  Wheeler-Bennett, John. “A. P. Hill: A Study in Confederate Leadership.” Virginia Quarterly Review 37 (Spring 1961): 198–209.

  Wheeling (VA) Intelligencer.

  Whitmore, Earl. “Introduction” Water Color and Drawings by Brevet Major General Truman Seymour, USMA 1846. Published on the occasion of an exhibit of Seymour’s work, West Point, NY, 1974.

  Whittaker, Frederick. A Complete Life of Gen. George A. Custer. New York: Sheldon & Company, 1876.

  Wickersham, Charles I. “Personal Recollections of the Cavalry at Chancellorsville.” War Papers Read before the Commandery of the State of Wisconsin, Military Order of the Loyal Legion of the United States. Vol. 3. Milwaukee: Burdick & Allen, 1903.

  Wilcox, Cadmus Marcellus. History of the Mexican War. Edited by Mary Rachel Wilcox. Washington, DC: Church News Publishing Company, 1892.

  _______. Rifles and Rifle Practice: An Elementary Treatise upon the Theory of Rifle Firing. New York: D. Van Nostrand, 1859.

  _______. Petersburg Campaign Report. Typescript. Lee Headquarters Papers. Virginia Historical Society, Richmond, VA.

  Wiley, Bell Irvin. The Life of Johnny Reb: The Common Soldier of the Confederacy. Baton Rouge: Louisiana State University Press, 1978.

  Williams, T. Harry. The History of American Wars from 1745 to 1918. New York: Alfred A. Knopf, 1981.

  _______. “The Attack upon West Point during the Civil War.” Mississippi Valley Historical Review 25 (March 1939): 491–504.

  _______. “General Ewell to the High Private in the Rear.” Virginia Magazine of History and Biography 54 (April 1946): 157–60.

  Wise, John S. The End of an Era. Boston: Houghton Mifflin, 1899.

  _______. “Stonewall Jackson as I Knew Him.” The Circle (March 1908): 143–45. Copy in the Virginia Historical Society Library, Richmond, VA.

  Within Fort Sumter, or, a View of Major Anderson’s Garrison Family for One Hundred and Ten Days, by One of the Company. New York: N. Tibbals & Company, 1861.

  Wood, James Rodney. “Miscellaneous Writings: Civil War Memoirs.” Typescript. Maud Wood Park Papers, Manuscript Division, Library of Congress, Washington, DC.

  Wood, Oliver E. The West Point Scrap Book: A Collection of Stories, Songs, and Legends of the United States Military Academy. New York: D. Van Nostrand, 1871.

  Wood, Robert J. “Early Days of Benny Havens.” The Pointer 14 (26 February 1937): 6–13, 29.

  Wood, William Nathaniel. Reminiscences of Big I. Edited by Bell Irvin Wiley. Jackson, TN: McCowat-Mercer Press, 1956.

  Worsham, John H. One of Jackson’s Foot Cavalry. Edited by James I. Robertson, Jr. 1912. Reprint. Jackson, TN: McCowat-Mercer Press, 1964.

  Young, Jesse Bowman. The Battle of Gettysburg: A Comprehensive Narrative. 1913. Reprint. Dayton: Press of Morningside Bookshop, 1976.

  Young, John Russell. Around the World with General Grant: A Narrative of the Visit of General U. S. Grant, Ex-President of the United States, to Various Countries in Europe, Asia, and Africa, in 1877, 1878, 1879. 2 vols. New York: American News Company, 1879.

  Youngblood, William. “Unwritten History of the Gettysburg Campaign.” SHSP 38 (1910): 312–18.

  JOHN C. WAUGH is a veteran former newspaper correspondent and bureau chief of The Christian Science Monitor, who has since turned historical reporter. His writing has appeared in The New York Ti
mes, The Washington Post, Civil War Times Illustrated, The New Republic, The Nation, and numerous other national publications. He has served on the senior staffs of a Republican vice president and a Democratic U.S. senator. A lifelong student of the Civil War, he is also the author of Reelecting Lincoln, published in 1998. He and his wife, Kathleen Lively, live in Arlington, Texas.

  Illustration Credits

  The illustrations and photographs in the inserts following this page are used courtesy of:

  Library of Congress—7, 16, 20, 21, 22, 23, 24, 26, 28, 29, 30, 33, 34, 36, 37, 43, 44, 45, 47, 48, 49, 50, 52, 53, 54, 55, 57, 59, 61

  Special Collections Division, U.S. Military Academy Library—1, 2, 3, 4, 6, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 17, 18

  U.S. Army Military History Institute—15, 19, 27, 31, 32, 38, 39, 40, 41, 46, 51, 58, 63

  Eleanor S. Brockenbrough Library, The Museum of the Confederacy, Richmond, Virginia—25, 42, 62

  West Point Museum—5, 64

  Chesapeake Western Railway—35

  Historic Lexington Foundation/Stonewall Jackson House—56

  Confederate Veteran—60

  1. West Point on the Hudson River—as it looked to the members of the class of 1846.

  2. The plain and the academy buildings in the 1840s.

  3. The academy grounds with the old West Point Hotel in the distance.

  4. The West Point cadet of the 1840s in full-dress uniform—a rendering by George Horatio Derby of the class of 1846.

  5. A cadet at study—also by George Derby.

  6. As they really looked—a photograph of Derby himself in his cadet uniform; probably taken in 1844, the summer of the class furlough.

  7. The stag dance, common at West Point’s summer encampment—“a rather dry business without ladies.”

  The West Point Faculty in the 1840s

  8. West Point Superintendent Richard Delafield—the cadets called him “Dicky the Punster.”

  9. Dennis Hart Mahan, the greatly feared Professor of Civil and Military Engineering and the Art of War—alias “Old Cobbon Sense.”